How to lay out the tile in the bathroom

Any repair is a troublesome business and requires some preparation. Especially it concerns the bathroom, because the room is constantly exposed to moisture. When it is repaired, it is very important not only to create a beautiful interior, but also to choose the right material and perform quality work on finishing the walls and floor. Traditionally, ceramic tiles are used for this - it has properties that meet all the requirements of the cladding: beautiful appearance, hygiene, moisture resistance and strength.

Tiling in bathrooms

Requirements for the quality of tiles:

• Low degree of water absorption - up to 20%.The porous surface of the back of the tile indicates its susceptibility to moisture penetration.
• Strength.
• Chemical resistance - has 5 degrees and is denoted by letters of the Latin alphabet from A to D. Products of class AA are the most qualitative in this parameter. Marking "A" also speaks about the sufficient stability of the tile to the effects of household chemicals.
• Resistance to abrasion - denoted by Roman numerals from I to V. The higher the class, the greater the intensity of the movement the tiles withstand without compromising on the appearance. But for bathrooms, the first group of tiles( PEI I) is perfect. The wear resistance parameter is important when choosing a floor tile.
• Resistance to steam and temperature extremes.
• Clear, even texture of the back of the tile - otherwise it will not have sufficient adhesion to the wall and will not last long.
• Even color, bright color of the picture.

The symbols printed on the tile package indicate all its parameters. If among them there is an icon with squares of different shades, then, perhaps, the tile has differences in color.

Dimensions and decorative properties of tiles

When choosing a tile, not only its practical properties are taken into account, but also its decorative functions. Traditional pastel shades will always be in vogue. They do not bother, because they do not irritate the perception and allow you to relax and rest. In addition, light colors visually expand the space. Bright, saturated colors excite the psyche and, perhaps, very soon there will be a desire to replace the tile.

Light colors and average size of tiles - the best option for a small room. Large tiles look great in a spacious room, especially in combination with a mosaic or some other pattern.

Tile in the bathroom - complete

The tile is usually purchased in the following set:

• wall tiles - the relatively soft structure of the material allows you to cut it without special effort and adjust it to the bends of the surface;

• floor tiles - more dense than facing tiles, resistant to chemical solutions, durable, with rough texture;

• decorative elements: curbs, "pencils", tiles with a pattern or pattern to create a panel or individual decorative elements.

Modern material is produced by collections, which include all the elements of the set, made in one color, in a single theme and with certain patterns. In this case, it is much easier to choose the material for the facing of the bathroom.

Masonry in the bathroom - materials and tools

When carrying out work, the following materials should be available:

• tiles;

• trowelling mixture;

• primer;
• glutinous mixture;

• tile separators;

• inner and outer plastic corners.

Tools used for laying tiles:

• glue container;
• drill with special tile drills and a mixer;
• tile cutter;
• Bulgarian;
• spatula: notched and plain;
• mallet;
• level, plumb, roulette.

Calculating the number of tiles

Before calculating the material, calculate the number of all laying elements. To do this, measure the width, length and height of the bathroom and doorway. There are two variants of calculation:

1. For the surface area - its width and height( length) are measured and multiplied among themselves. Then the same manipulations are carried out with one tile. The area of ​​the wall or floor is divided by the area of ​​the tile.
2. To the result obtained, 10% is added - for unforeseen expenses.

1. Piece calculation - a more reliable and accurate way to calculate the quantity of material:

For example:

• wall height 2.5 m;
• width is -2 and 1.6 m;
• door opening - 2,0х0,6 m;
• wall tiles - 20x30 cm;
• floor - 33x33 cm

The width of the floor is divided by the size of the tile - 1.6: 0.33 = 4.8 pcs. The result is rounded to 5 - so many rows of tiles will lie on the floor.

Then the same procedure is performed with the floor length - 2: 0.33 = 6.06 pcs. Rounded - 6.5 pcs.(the number of tiles in a row).

6,5х5 = 32,5-33 pcs.tiles will be needed on the floor of such a square.

In the same way, the calculation of the amount of material for the walls is carried out:

• 2: 0.2x2 = 20, where 2 and 0.2 are the width of the surface and the tiles, respectively, and 2 is the number of planes with this parameter.
• Next we calculate the amount of tiles in a row on two other walls - 1,6: 0,2х2 = 16 pcs.
• The obtained results are added( 16 + 20 = 36 pieces).
• The number of rows is then calculated 2.5: 0.3 = 8.3.The result is rounded to 8.5.
• 36h8,5 = 306 pcs.- such an amount of tiles would be needed for solid walls of the bath.
• One of them takes into account the dimensions of the doorway. The number of elements for it is subtracted from the total result.306-( 2: 0.3) x( 0.6: 0.2) = 286 pcs.with rounding.

Total, for the bathroom of the proposed area will need 286 and 33 tiles on the walls and floor, respectively. To the received quantity "reserve" is added, counting on a marriage and defects in work.

Calculation of decor elements takes place in a similar way, but, first of all, a scheme is made for their arrangement. This determines the type of laying and the need to fit the pattern and color scheme. Accurately executed sketch will help to avoid mistakes during work.

Types of laying

Masonry tiles in the bathroom can be of several types:

• normal, standard - the tile is laid seam in the seam, parallel to the floor or wall;
• chess;
• diagonal - the tile is laid at an angle of 45º;
• diagonal-chess - used when working with tiles of different colors;
• conventional with decorative elements or borders.

Preliminary work

Walls and floors - Surface preparation

Finishing the bathroom with tiles requires an even, prepared surface. The material should be laid on a uniform, small layer of the adhesive mixture. Otherwise, the tile may fall or its edges begin to protrude. Therefore, before proceeding to the lining of the walls and the floor, prepare their surface:

• With the chisel and hammer, the walls are cleaned of the remains of the old, ready to crumble, cover and leveled with a new layer of plaster with reinforcement mesh. The use of putty deteriorates the adhesion of the adhesive mixture.

• The surface is checked vertically and horizontally. With deviations( more than 2-4 millimeters), the surface is aligned in the same way.
• Dismantling, padding and skirting are removed.
• The old floor covering is removed. If it is a tile, then two options are possible: a new tile is laid on the floor in the bathroom over the old one. But the plane must be rough, so it is carefully treated with sandpaper and primed. This option is rather unreliable and is only used in case of strong adhesion of the old tile to the floor. And the second option - the old tile is dismantled with a jackhammer and a chisel.

• All cracks are closed, the floor is leveled with cement mortar.
• Surfaces are cleaned of dirt, debris and dust and primed.
• Waterproofing of the floor and part of the wall. Rolled materials can be put on the floor - they are more economical. For walls suitable omazochnaya waterproofing - it is better to lay down and does not require special labor.

• A wet screed is forming.

Layout

• At the bottom of the wall, using a level of horizontally fixed rack or plastic corner. Then a vertical line is drawn to control the stacking.
• On the floor a feature is drawn along which the edges of the tiles in the first row will pass.

How to put tiles in the bathroom - installation

Laying tiles:

1. Preparing the glue mortar. Due to the fact that it dries quickly, the composition is mixed in small portions using a drill with a mixer nozzle.

1. There are two options for applying glue - on the wall or on the tile itself. The first method is considered to be classical, but many masters are sure that the second method is not worse. Apply the composition evenly over the surface with a notched trowel.
2. The tile is applied to the wall, exactly in the angle between the vertical and horizontal markings, and turns lightly in the axis.

1. The level of the tile position is checked. The time for its correction is about 10 minutes after stacking. Later, this will be more difficult. To deepen the tiles use a rubber kiyanku.
2. The following tile is glued and delimiters( crosses) are installed. Their optimal size is 3 mm.
3. Thus, the first row is laid out and checked by level in all directions.

How to put tile in the bathroom, video:

In order for the following tiles to fit more easily, the glue under the first row should be seized. With a long break in work, all excess solution is removed, otherwise it will have to be broken off.

For cladding the surface around the pipes, a round hole is cut in the tile with a special nozzle in the tile.

Finishing of bathrooms with tiles - corner joints

Usually, to decorate the corners of the wall tiles have to be cut into fragments. Tile cutters are the most convenient tool for such work. But it requires some experience.

When cutting a narrow part of the tile, it is better to use a bolgar or to break it with a notch by pliers.

Joints of external and internal corners are made out by plastic corners, combining in color with tiles.

Grouting of seams

After drying of the adhesive mixture, all crosses are removed, the surface of the tiles and cracks are thoroughly cleaned of dust, and jointing is carried out. For this work, ready-made epoxy and silicone grouts or dry cement mix are used, which is diluted with water.

For ease of subsequent cleaning on the edges of the tiles pasted paint tape. A small amount of grout is applied to the gap with a rubber spatula and pressed into it. Then the excess of the mixture is removed across the seam and its surface is leveled.

After the grout has dried, the paint tape is peeled off and the entire tiled surface is washed clean.

Bathroom tile, photo: