Thinking about what to build a foundation for a house made of aerated concrete, you should familiarize yourself with the basic characteristics of the building material itself.
You can very long paint its main advantages.
But it's worth mentioning the disadvantages - susceptibility to any deformations and shifts, fragility, hygroscopicity.
Belt and pile foundations
A monolithic strip foundation under the house of aerated concrete can be laid in different ways: in a shallow way or vice versa( below the freezing point by 20-25 cm).
The first option is suitable when small single-storey houses are built on the heaving ground. The second case is recommended for two or more storied cottages.
When preparing trenches, it is important to maintain the strength of the walls. On cohesive soils, you can not even install a formwork, because they perfectly fulfill its role.
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We need to take care that water does not leak into the trench for the monolithic foundation. The primer is recommended for throwing on the upland side.
It is not always possible to prevent water leakage and it is necessary to equip the drainage system. The greater the depth of the excavation, the wider the gravel cushion should be on it at the bottom.
To erect a quality foundation, on the sides of the trench it is recommended to install shields that are bursting from the inside. Simultaneously with them the formwork is mounted.
It should be possible to get water inside the belt in the future, putting waterproofing on the sand cushion and from the sides.
You can use the usual for all roll materials( roofing paper, film based on polyethylene, etc.).
Sometimes, instead of a monolithic tape, choose a basement foundation for aerated concrete. Stones of a certain size should be selected in advance. The density of the solution should allow them to be heated without tamping.
The tape base is reinforced with a metal reinforcing frame.
It is recommended to use a wire with a diameter of 8-16 mm, connecting the longitudinal rods with cross-bars every 25-40 cm( it is necessary to adhere to a constant step).
You can only remove the formwork after 7-10 days. Cover the tape with matting, straw or burlap to protect from the sun.
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In a particularly hot time, the concrete is periodically sprayed with water to prevent the appearance of cracks.
No less popular is a pile foundation for a house made of aerated concrete, which involves drilling wells of a certain size.
However, with the constant movement of the soil horizontally, it is not suitable, as it does not provide sufficient stability and reliability.
Piles will start to tilt and the house will gradually sag. Moreover, this process will be observed unevenly.
The advantages of a pile foundation are called high speed of erection, simplicity and economy.
To calculate the number of piles that need to be installed along the perimeter, it is necessary to take into account the operational loads created by all the partitions.
As a rule, they are mounted in the following places:
- Across the perimeter - after 1-1.2 m;
- Under the bearing walls - every 1-1.2 m;
- In the corners;
- At the intersection of the walls.
Drill a well, not exceeding 30 cm in diameter, with your own hands.
Using a tool with an extension bar, it is possible to reach a depth of 4.5-5 m. When a large number of wells are required to be much larger than a diameter, specialized drills are leased.
A pile foundation of aerated concrete is built according to the same rules as the belt.
Let's consider some features concerning the piles themselves:
- For their manufacture it is necessary to prepare a roofing material, which performs the role of a kind of fixed formwork;
- A pipe, which is suitable for the diameter of the excavated pit, is folded from the roofing material;
- Each pile should project above the surface by 20-25 cm;
- Part of the pipe located on the surface is wrapped in another layer of ruberoid and reliably twisted by wire;
- Inside the formwork a small frame made of reinforcing wire is made, consisting of 3-4 vertical rods connected every 40-50 cm by cross-bars;
- Vertical rods are made with a ledge 2-3 cm to connect them to the grillage;
- Concrete is poured and compacted with vibrator.
It is possible to build a similar foundation for a garage made of aerated concrete, instead of piling a deep foundation, having arranged small monolithic posts.
They are also reinforced, and at the bottom make a small expansion, reducing pressure on the ground.
Plate foundation
The most optimal in most cases is the slab foundation for a house made of aerated concrete, built on any type of soil.
It is called floating and moves together with soils.
Due to this the house is located on a kind of "raft", without experiencing serious pressure on the walls, which takes the base, local deformation is prevented.
Distributed under the entire house, the slab base reduces pressure on the ground.
With time, buoyancy decreases and the house feels more confident. There are cases when the frame sags and begins to arbitrarily deepen.
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The disadvantage is the price, which is higher than other types.
To build such a foundation for a garage from aerated concrete may not be profitable and not practical. In the future, for example, there will not be an opportunity to excavate a pit, etc.
Such a foundation is a continuous reinforced concrete slab with a reinforced framework bound inside.
The ground part will act as a rough floor. That's why it is necessary to warm and waterproof the monolith from all sides.
To build a foundation for a house made of aerated concrete in the form of a monolithic slab, you can follow the plan below:
- In the excavated excavation pile, a sand cushion is poured, rammed and well leveled;
- Above it lay a layer of roofing material and a vapor barrier unidirectional film;
- Above the waterproofing lay a heat-insulating layer of foam plastic, for example, PSB-35, which is fixed with adhesive tape, all joints are pasted;
- The spatial reinforcing frame is installed;
- Concrete solution is poured.
Before erecting a slab foundation for a gas bath, it is necessary to consider and decide whether all material and moral costs are profitable.
Each of the bases described has its own shortcomings, pluses.
But each developer must make a choice individually, based on the climate and preferences. Not superfluous is the advice of a specialist.
