For a long time, the bathhouse had a purely utilitarian function: to wash and steam. Today, the functionality of this object has changed dramatically. The main tasks of the bath were: health and rest. Since we are used to relaxing with comfort, the bathhouse projects have undergone very serious changes. If earlier in the bathhouse there were one or two rooms, today there are several of them. A modern bath can be called a wellness complex. Therefore, the requirements for its project have become more extensive. It should be roomy enough that it could comfortably accommodate from 4 to 12 people. It should have a rest room, where you can relax after a steam room with great comfort. The washing part must be separated from the steam room. It is also necessary to have a terrace to relax in the air. In this regard, there is a huge number of options for the location of these premises.
Variants of bath plans
Today, the most common is the option of planning a bath with a steam bath, a washing or shower and a rest room. These three rooms can be located on a relatively small area. In this case, steam and shower can be separated only by an easy partition. If you sacrifice the size of the steam room, you can add a small angle for cooking. Then the bath will turn into a fully autonomous holiday house.
Bathhouse variant with steam room, shower room, lounge and kitchen.
If we plan to build a bathhouse 6X3, then it is quite possible to arrange 2 or 3 rooms, not counting the tambour. For this, we divide the whole area in the ratio of 1 to 3 by the capital wall. At us it will turn out 4,6 m2 on a steam room and помывочную.If you plan to install a conventional shower, then it can be separated by a partition, reducing the area of the steam room by 1.9 m2.At the entrance there is a tambour of 1.2 m2.It is necessary to ensure that in winter cold air does not fall immediately into the bath. The waiting room has always been an indispensable attribute of the bath. It used to be undressed earlier, and also it played the role of a lock and did not allow you to chill the room at the entrance and exit.
The rest of the area, about 7.2 m2, goes to the rest room. It is quite possible to place benches or chairs, as well as a table. She also plays the role of expectancy before entering the steam room. The rest room should be equipped with clothes hangers and towels. The temperature and humidity in this room are close to normal, in contrast to the steam and shower.
Variants of planning baths 6X3 m.
Often the bathhouse acts as a holiday cottage in which you can stay and rest for several days. In this case, it should not only have a rest room, but also a kitchen with a bedroom. Such a structure is difficult to call a bath, but nevertheless, it is so. Inside you can even arrange toilets and a swimming pool. The option is not cheap, but if you consider it as a full-fledged dacha, then it is quite appropriate.
Usually such a plan bathhouses are made in two floors. This method saves space on the site, and the two-story structure looks much more beautiful. On the ground floor, all those premises that are inherent in the bathhouse are arranged: a steam room, a shower room, a swimming pool, a rest room, a toilet and a small dressing room. On the second floor you can make one or two bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. Such a structure can take not only a family of 4-5 people, but also a decent company to 12-15 people.
The project of a two-storey bath with an area of 130 m2.
What kind of rest in the country without contact with fresh air. It is very pleasant after the steam room to sit on a fresh breeze terrace and fry a barbecue there. There are many sauna projects with their own hands, which provide a terrace. It can be an independent object, located nearby, or it may be a single whole with a bath. Usually the terrace is covered with a roof or a canopy, it has a functional or decorative fence. On the terrace there are chairs or chairs, a table. In some projects it has a barbecue oven.
Project baths from logs 6x4 with a terrace.
This is not all possible bath projects. However, they illustrate the main directions of the movement of thought in the construction of this object of relaxation.
Choosing the foundation for the sauna
As in most cases, a bath is not a very heavy object, then it does not need a massive base. Nevertheless, most often the foundation is made by tape, though not deep. This is due to the fact that the tape device allows to provide the best heat protection, as well as to make an effective outflow of used water to the outside. To do this, inside the foundation tape make a sand cushion, on top of which the heater is laid. It installs communications for draining water into a cesspool and poured from above with a concrete screed with a slope to the drain pipe. With such a device, all water drains into the sewer, and additional floor insulation is not necessary.
So it may look ribbon foundation for the bath. Half of the area is filled with screed. There will be a steam room and a washing room. In the middle there is a drain pipe.
Sometimes to reduce the cost of a bath put on pile or columnar foundation. This option allows you to reduce the cost of construction is very significant. In this case, you have to take care of the insulation of the floor with a heater. The most budgetary option is to install a bath on several concrete blocks. If the structure has 2 floors, then the construction of such a foundation is not advisable, because due to the large mass, there may be a subsidence of some angle.
Variety of materials for the walls of the bath and interior decoration
Since ancient times, the bath was built of wood. To do this, almost any kind of it. The most suitable for this are: pine, spruce, larch, aspen, oak and even birch. The linden is in particular demand, especially with interior decoration. The oldest method is cutting logs from logs. For a standard single-storey bath, 9 - 10 rows are required. It is unlikely to cut the frame itself without the help of knowledgeable people, because for this you need to know some of the subtleties of creating grooves for the insulation and corner joints. It is best to buy ready-made logs from round logs. It is very easy to assemble it, as all logs are absolutely identical and they do not need to be selected.
It's much easier to make a wooden bath out of a bar. If it is processed, then in the additional finishing of the walls of necessity may already not be. The beam is laid one on one and connected by wooden nagels. Walls can also be made shield. This is the most budget option. Inside the panel constructions there is a heater and a vapor barrier film. The walls play the role of a thermos, which ensures a good thermal regime inside the room. Of course, such a construction is not so thorough and thorough that it is from a beam or log, so it is not very popular. At the same time, it is possible to build such a bath very quickly, without spending a lot of money.
Wood is the most environmentally friendly material. It provides the aroma of wood in the room, best of all keeps the heat. Lack of one - the susceptibility to putrefaction, which is very important in a bath. Until recently, a wooden bathhouse could not serve more than 10 years. Today, this period can be increased by 2 or even 3 times, thanks to the use of modern antiseptic impregnations. In any case, a wooden bath has that unique attraction that is lacking in other materials.
The most common bathhouse with a bar with a terrace.
It is possible to consider a more budget variant of the construction of a bath of light concrete blocks. Today there is a very large number of their varieties. Choose the option that is least likely to be exposed to moisture. This building material is very convenient to use. Fold of such blocks of the wall can be for 2 - 3 days, even alone. However, they require warming and protection from external influences. For this, the facade of such a bath is closed with siding on the heater. This is not necessary in the case of a sauna built of bricks or a brick-trimmed bath of lightweight blocks. It should be understood that a brick bath will cost an order of magnitude more expensive than all other options.
The advantage of walls from concrete blocks and bricks is that they will last very long. You can change the interior, but the walls will remain as new. The disadvantage is that such buildings do not hold heat well. They do not have that natural heat that is inherent in wooden baths. In addition, for such walls necessarily require additional insulation, which carries an excessive labor costs.
The interior finishing of the bath is made by different materials. Most often, wood is used. It should be noted that for a steam room it is unacceptable to use coniferous wood. Resin is not a very pleasant component in a hot room. It is best to use a lime tree that perfectly holds heat, but it does not have a burning effect on the skin. The cheaper aspen has similar properties. It is worth noting that all the wooden parts, including the walls in the bath, are subject to compulsory treatment with antiseptic compounds. This will significantly extend their service life. In addition, many of them have a bright decorative effect.
Hardwood, steam bath.
Washing is quite possible and even convenient to finish with tiles. This will greatly facilitate the care of this room. It is here that the most aggressive environment is located, capable of destroying wood. Ceramics are beyond her control. It should be noted that for the floor to be applied tile, which will not be slippery.
Washing from tiles is the most practical option.
Whatever the material for the walls and interior trim baths was not chosen, the main thing is that it provides comfort for the person and his complete safety.
Choosing a sauna oven
The oven is the heart of any bath. Most often it combines the functions of a steam generator and a heater for all rooms. Furnace-heater is a universal option for any bath. The hot stones keep the heat perfectly and generate steam when water gets on them. If there is no water tank in the steam room, when using such a stove, you can achieve the effect of a sauna with "dry steam".Furnaces are made of bricks, stones, steel and cast iron. There are many of their designs that have these or those qualities. The choice of option depends on the needs and area of the heated premises. For a more even distribution of heat, some craftsmen build a furnace with a fan that generates air circulation throughout the rooms.
Furnaces can be made by yourself, but you can buy ready-made ones. To do this, you only need to know the required power. It must necessarily be optimal, since its deficiency or excess is unacceptable. The general principle of calculating this parameter is 1 kW per 1 m3 of volume. Thus it is necessary to take into account heat losses, adding to the result from 20 to 50% of capacity.
It is worth saying that for a Russian bath the best solution is to bake on wood or gas, and for a Finnish sauna an electric one. It can provide very rapid heating to the desired temperature without increasing the humidity. In addition, an electric furnace does not require a chimney, which significantly reduces overall costs.
Technical and fire requirements for sauna
The main requirement for a bath is that it must ensure the safety and comfort of people. In addition, it should not interfere with its presence to neighbors in the site. It is recommended to build a bathhouse no less than 10 m from the house and 2.5 m from the border of the site. The distance to the well must be at least 20 meters.
Layout of the bath on the site.
For fire safety, a visor should be installed on the pipe, acting as a spark arrester, wooden walls around the furnace must be finished with fireproof material. The floor in the premises of the bath should not slide. All metal elements in the steam room must be covered with wooden fences to avoid burns.
When deciding on the construction of a bath on its site, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons of using certain building and finishing materials. Today you can choose for yourself the most optimal option, both in terms of cost and preferences. You can easily build a bath with your own hands. Projects of various options are not difficult to find.
