To think about the drainage around the house is necessary at the construction stage, if you do not want one day your home was flooded, in the foundation cracks appeared, or the walls began to rot.
All this is a consequence of the penetration of groundwater into the base of the house.
Do not be superfluous and blind - it also protects the house from moisture.
Everyone knows about the need for waterproofing, but few people think that the drainage system is no less necessary element.
There are groundwater in any soil, and, although rarely, they can rise so as to flood the basement.
But with a high probability begin to penetrate into the foundation, which will cause the development of fungi and mold, dampness and deformation of the foundation of the house.
It's unlikely that you want to constantly repair your house, especially considering that the blind area, as well as drainage is not such a complicated and expensive enterprise, as it may seem at first glance.
In the article you will learn about different types of drainage systems, as well as how to make drainage around the house.
The presented video and diagram will help you to do the work correctly, so that in future you do not have to worry about possible problems with water.
Contents:
- Types and construction of drainage systems
- Construction of drainage system
- Stages of installation of drainage system
Types and construction of drainage systems
Blinds are the simplest type of protection against water. It will not replace drainage, but will enhance its properties. You will learn how to install it correctly in the next section.
Drainage types differ in their device and mode of operation.
According to the first sign, drainage systems are divided into perfect and imperfect systems.
The first are installed in accordance with the level of water flow, so that moisture gets there through special holes in the sides or from above. The closed sides are covered and tamped with a sand-gravel pillow.
The system of the second type is installed necessarily above the water level, so that water penetrates into it at once in three places: through the top, bottom and through the side openings.
This system should also be reinforced with a sand-gravel pillow.
Also separate surface and underground drainage: the first will protect the house from precipitation, the second - from penetration into the basement and groundwater foundation.
The arrangement of the drainage system is divided into reservoir, ring and wall.
The reservoir type of drainage is the least reliable, therefore it is most often used as an auxiliary element to structures of a different type, or if the groundwater is not deep.
This drainage is suitable only for clay soil and should be located near the foundation of the structure.
Ring drainage is a reliable way to protect against penetration of water into the basement and the basement.
This type of drainage is most suitable for a soil with a high sand content, becausehe does not hold water, and quickly passes it through himself.
If you know that in your area there is a risk of flooding during heavy rains, it is better to choose the arrangement of this type of structure.
The ring drainage circuit is in the form of a closed circle, which excludes the penetration of water into the fenced area.
Install such a drainage to a depth below the basement level and in the distance of 2-3 meters from the building shell in order not to destroy the nearby soil.
Pristenny type of drainage - the most common among owners of a private house. It is also the most reliable, becauseprotects not only the construction, but also the lower floors( basement and basement) from flooding.
This type of drainage can be superficial or deep - both of them effectively protect your house from moisture penetration.
It is best to make a wall drain on soil, with a high clay content or a heterogeneous composition. If you are sure that the groundwater is close to the surface, then choosing this type of drainage will be the best solution.
Construction is completed right next to the walls - at a distance of about 50 cm. It is installed below the level of the basement.
Whatever drainage you choose, the scheme of work will be approximately the same.
Drainage system designs
The design of the drainage system is a connected pipe installed under the building's base level.
Any drainage system is built at an incline to allow moisture to drain off.
To select a system, as well as the way to install it, you first need to know what the depth of the groundwater is - it is done by estimating the soil: it is dug by 2-3 meters to see the general condition.
Any drainage system must have a well in which water will accumulate. Install it usually at the corner of the structure, and the drainage system is carried out beyond the site on which work is being done.
If you know that the soil in your region is very wet, or groundwater is high, in addition to drainage, you can also think about additional waterproofing.
In more arid regions and one drainage system will be quite enough.
Stages of installation of the drainage system
It is good, if besides the drainage the blind area is made - then the protection against moisture will be almost 100%.
Blinds - this is a strip that runs all around the house. Can be made of concrete, brick and other similar material.
First of all, the blind area, like drainage, serves as a drainage system, but it is also often a decorative addition to the site, becauseon the surface looks very interesting.
It is installed as follows: a membrane is laid in the trench, which is filled with sand and rubble.
Best if the blind is made of frost-resistant material - will last longer.
But all the same to choose, from what material it to do, it is necessary proceeding from weather conditions of your region.
If the weather is often cold and rainy, it is best to choose a material from concrete.
Concrete pavement is done as follows: first poured sand cushion, which is rammed and covered with gravel, and the top is poured mortar from concrete and superimpose concrete slabs. Seams at the joints should be poured with bitumen.
If there is a blind area on your site, the drainage is done around it, its purpose is to remove excess moisture from the soil and to protect the house as much as possible from the penetration of water.
The construction of the drainage system begins with preparatory work: examining the soil and revealing the depth of groundwater, and also working with the foundation.
As mentioned above, an easy way to find out the condition of the soil is to dig it down 2-3 meters down: as a rule, the depth of the uppermost layer of groundwater is not deeper than 2 meters down below the ground.
After this, you need to prepare the foundation.
It is treated with a primer containing bitumen and kerosene, as well as waterproofing with bitumen mastic. A reinforcement mesh is installed on top of the solution, the size of the cells should be about 2x2 mm.
After drying - after about 24 hours - the mesh is covered with another layer of coating so that it is not visible.
To make a walled underground drainage, you need to select the pipes. The best for this plastic. In addition, they need connections for them - couplings, bends, tees.
The first thing you need to do is mark the plot and choose where the pipes will pass, and also place the well.
Any drainage needs a well, where water will be discharged. You can buy already ready, or make it out of concrete, but it will take more time.
If you have chosen a makeshift option, then you need to make excavations in the locations chosen for the wells. It is easier to make wells in a square shape.
See the video on installing a well on the site.
Video:
Once the design is ready, you can do the pipes. They are laid in pre-dug trenches at a slope of about 2 cm.
The bottom of the trench must first be covered with gravel or sand, and the top should be covered with geotextiles, which are re-filled with gravel - and the pipes will be laid on it.
With wells, the pipes will be connected using couplings and tees. After laying, you need to repeatedly check the correctness of the slope and, if done correctly, treat the pipes with cement mortar to fix them in the trench.
Pipes are filled with gravel approximately 10 mm. Also, the pipes should be wrapped around with a geotextile cloth, which should be overlapped. Fix it with a thread of capron or a special duct tape.
This is a diagram showing how to make drainage around the house on your own. See the video with the stages of the work, so that the whole process becomes clearer to you.
Video:
Surface drainage - a measure not less necessary. It is needed to collect water sediments: snow and rain, which go to the sewer or well, and thus do not accumulate on the site and do not enter the house.
The most effective surface drainage is the roof drainage system. These are inclined pipes, along which water will go lower, without lingering on the roof.
Such surface drainage is best made of plastic or metal. You can buy an already ready system or make it yourself if you have experience.
Surface drainage can be on the ground - it will collect water on the site and take it to the sewer.
Such surface drainage is done as follows: lay pipes in shallow ditches around the foundation so that the pipes are completely underground.
Pipes should be removed from the site.
Thus, surface drainage is done around the entire house - the ring method is the best protection against moisture.
The device for draining around the house is a necessary measure for its protection and maximum service life, so do not neglect this measure. And to perform ring drainage around the house with their own hands is quite possible by using the above instructions.
