How to calculate reinforcement on a foundation - why is it worth doing?
The overwhelming majority use steel flexible and rigid elements in the form of rods, rods, mesh and frame structures of the rolling profile( corner, I-beam, channel).Substitutes for metals can be polymeric materials, characterized by high plastic strength, becauseThe main purpose of such inclusions is the reinforcement of concrete under tensile and compressive loads.
A somewhat unusual example of the use of such a combination can be quite common and successfully sailing vessels of the world ocean and yachts with hulls made of reinforced concrete compounds. The main material for the construction of frameworks that strengthen concrete bases, remains the steel, which, depending on the purpose and requirements, can be rod, in the form of wire, nets, cables, etc.
Rod shapes for better adhesion to the monolith in the manufacturing process receive an effective regular ribbed profile along the entire length. Great importance for the overall strength of the structure have the same characteristics of steel. They, in turn, depend on the way of manufacturing and processing the material, as well as on its chemical composition.
On an industrial scale, standard grids for future frames are manufactured taking into account the average consumption of reinforcement on the foundation( in its plate part) on automatic lines that provide flow of several standardized sizes. In a similar way, finished frames for elements of columnar foundations are produced.
In this case, it is much easier to calculate the amount of reinforcement for the foundation, becauseThe approach to design is based on the use of ready-made block slabs with known parameters and properties. In addition, the production put on stream ensures the production of higher quality products.
The combination of the method of making skeletons viscous or welding from individual elements at the site of mortar lining with the use of such block elements allows to obtain a significant gain in the time of installation and the final cost of the finished load-bearing and enclosing structures.
Calculation of reinforcement for the foundation - how to find the required values?
The selected type and type of foundations of the future structure depend on the ground on which the projected structure will stand, what are the expected materials of walls and ceilings, the roof and its roof structure, and many other factors. For each specific project, these soils, the total weight of the house, and snow and wind loads for the region, etc. should be taken into account.
From the required design of this foundation will ultimately depend on how much reinforcement is needed on the foundation, the cost of materials and work. To navigate the requirements and take into account the recommendations, you can use practical documents, for example, the estimates of GESN-2001-06, where in the sixth collection standards of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures are given.
To determine the cost of materials for the frame structure of the entire foundation, it is first mentally broken into component elements and parts: columnar, ribbon, slab with or without ribs. This will help determine how to calculate the reinforcement on the foundation of the in parts.
The next step is to determine the thickness of the rod components. It should be at least a centimeter, but if you expect a large load on the base( heavy walls, several floors, etc.), then the diameter of the rods is assumed to be larger.
The consumption of reinforcement on the foundation - the use of design values
When calculating how much reinforcement for a foundation is needed, the standard step taken is between twenty and forty centimeters. A larger step is not recommended. With this step, longitudinal and transverse rods are laid. Depending on the area of the slab, the total length of the material per mesh is determined.
Such grids, depending on the thickness of the plate part, can be several, but not less than two. For their reliable and rigid connection, at each intersection point of the rod rods vertical sections of the material are set, their total length is taken into account when calculating the total number of bars.
If necessary, stiffeners are arranged for the base plate, they are placed on the bottom part. The quantity of material for them is also taken into account in the total estimate. Similar calculations are carried out for the columnar and tape parts. Here, the same criteria for the step and location of the bars are adopted.
An important nuance of calculating these parts is the permissibility of using on the transverse directions of segments of smooth rods. Since the reliability of all connections of the structure of the future base must be ensured, the total amount of reinforcement on the foundation takes into account the method of such fastening.
Using a common method by binding a special steel wire will require at each intersection of the rods of the two joints in this way.
The calculated length for each piece of wire is assumed to be up to thirty centimeters( twisting is carried out by a double section).The doubled total number of intersections multiplied by the specified length of one twist will give the desired length of the knitting wire for each part of the structure. Further simple arithmetic. The length of the rods through the weight of the running meter is converted to the total weight, and the total cost of the metal for the base is determined.
