How to independently make an overlap on the wooden beams in the house. Instruction with photo

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Installation of wooden floors - pros and cons

The construction of wooden floors is used in private house-building, usually in single-story houses and in houses of frame construction. Wooden joists can be applied at a maximum width of an overlapping span of five meters. If metal beams are used as beams, the width is not limited.

So, to the advantages of wooden beams, it is customary to refer to the high speed of installation without the use of special lifting equipment( which can not be said about the non-beam overlap).At the same time, wood is much lighter than reinforced concrete, its cost is somewhat lower. But a disadvantage can be considered lower strength, susceptibility to spoilage and decay, high fire hazard, which causes additional processing of antiseptics. But it, perhaps, pursues all the wooden materials on the construction site.

Calculation of the wooden floor - we collect all the figures together

The installation of the wooden floors begins with the preparation. Selection and laying of beams made of pine, larch, spruce of first-class quality is carried out, the moisture content of the material should not exceed fourteen percent( this moisture is acquired by the log only after one year if properly stored).It is necessary to know that the dry beam less flexes under load and is much stronger.

To give more strength to the whole structure of the floor, the beams are laid at a distance of not more than a meter, and a careful calculation of the wooden floor over the thickness( cross-section or diameter) of the beams, depending on the width of the span and the pacing step to be taken. You can apply additional measures to strengthen metal beams or thick boards, taking into account the increase in the weight of the ceiling and the increasing load on the foundation.

It is believed that the greatest strength is a wooden beam with a 7: 5 aspect ratio. In this case, the round log is able to withstand the load more than the beam from it, but stronger than the beam bends under the load. The beam of two identical bars, fastened with bolts, withstands the load twice as much as both beams laid side by side.

As a rule, when arranging a wooden floor, take into account the minimum deflection of the beam as 1/300 of its length. In order to compensate for possible deflection, the beam is executed with a so-called building lift. This method allows you to compensate for this deformation. The structure of the beams with such a rise before installation should have a slightly curved upward middle, then leveled under load.

For correct selection, the thickness of the beam is taken not less than 1/24 of the length. The replacement of the beam can be two bound boards, with a total cross-section equal to the calculated cross-section of the beam. Fastening of boards is carried out by nails, self-tapping screws with step 0,2 m in staggered order. With a reduction in the pitch, the requirements for the cross-section of the beam or boards can be somewhat reduced.

The device of the wooden flooring of the house - we observe all the rules for the work of

The prepared beams are laid on the entire thickness of the wall in nests or strapping in adobe walls, carefully leveled and covered with several layers of roofing material. Becausecondensed moisture can cause decay of the ends of the beams, so as not to do premature repair of wooden floors, the width of the nests for laying the beams is slightly larger, taking into account the need for ventilation of the laid ends of the beams.

Carrying out the wooden floors with your own hands, the ends of the beam must be covered with antiseptic preparations before laying, and should be wrapped and wrapped with at least two layers of roofing material. When laying in the nest on the width of the wall, a ventilation gap is left. The nest is also laid out with a roofing felt, the butt of the beam is covered with tar felt. The nests themselves should also be protected.

Extreme beams must be laid at a distance of at least five centimeters from the walls. The space from the wall to the beam must be covered by a suitable strip, separated from the beam by a ruberoid. The location of the beams near the chimneys is no closer than forty centimeters.

When planning how to make a wooden floor, it should be understood that the heat and sound insulation of the entire house depends on its design. In addition to the beams, the structure of the floor includes rolling, flooring and backfilling. To strengthen the roll, a bar is beamed along the entire length of the beam, it is also possible to perform sheet pile sampling. Panels or plates of rolling need to be stacked and adjusted tightly to each other. The laid down roll is covered with tar or lubricant from sand and clay to the middle of the height of the beam.

Top filling( sawdust, shavings, cut from straw, top slag or dry backfill).It also needs to be covered with a roofing material to protect it from moisture. The thickness of the wooden flooring should take into account the additionally laid boards on top, on the last layer of the fill, to fix it. At the same time near the pipes, fillings are made of non-combustible materials.

Despite the measures taken to protect the ends of the beam from rotting, damage can be caused by putrefactive fungus. Wooden floors should be replaced: the decayed part of the beam is removed, the rest is reinforced on both sides with metal corners, a double board, etc.

In the same way, reinforcement of wooden floors can be carried out. If necessary, this reinforcement can be ensured by placing additional beams in the spaces between the slots of the weakened floor beams. With an increase in the frequency of the laying of the beams, it is possible to perform a binder file, covered with ruberoid and covered with slag or dry earth.

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