How to make a ladder frame with your own hands

It's hard to imagine a private two-story house without a flight of stairs. The erection of a staircase in the house is one of the most difficult tasks in the construction process, since this structural element is located inside the building and must be not only strong, but also in accordance with the general design idea. Particularly noteworthy is that the staircase in the house must be safe and withstand heavy loads. To do this, it must have a strong frame. On how to properly make the frame of the ladder with your own hands - on.

Types of staircases for the house

The most common staircases usedin private houses, made of metal. Wooden stairs are not very popular, because with the same load-bearing capacity are more dimensional and take up more space. In addition, the tree is more difficult to work with and it is rather whimsical in the care.

Metal stairs are easier to install, more durable and easy to use. They can be used both as a finished structure and as a frame, on which elements from glass, wood or plastic will be assembled.

Metal ladders, depending on their configuration, are:

• Spiral.
• Rotary.
• Marching.
• Screw.
• Arc-shaped.
• With or without a platform.
• Closed or open type. The frames of the internal staircases are:
  1. Hidden. Such a frame is made of rough metal for finishing with other materials. As a rule, when constructing such a ladder, they do not care much for the appearance of the final structure, because all defects in welding or metal will be hidden under the finish. A special emphasis on the installation of hidden frames is done on the strength of the structure. This option is best for beginners builders.
  2. Open frames do not require additional finishing and must therefore be installed flawlessly. The quality of the metal and the appearance of the welds must be "at the height".These stairs are mostly a work of art, which can decorate any interior. For the manufacture and installation of stairs with open skeletons, a great deal of experience is needed.

  Fabrication and installation of the ladder frame. Required Tools

  

  If the decision to build a ladder yourself is still accepted, you must have the following tools:

  • Welding machine.
  • Set of electrodes( brand and diameter depend on the metal used).
  • Metal, depending on the configuration of the ladder( corner, channel, square tube, etc.).
  • Angle grinder with sets of circles( for cutting metal and stripping joints).Do not save on the circles, cut with a clean circle and clean off the cut-off inadmissible for safety reasons.

  Materials for metal processing: metal brush( special drill or bulb can be used), primer, paint, rust converter.

  Basic requirements for the installation of the staircase

  

  To mount a ladder that will be comfortable and safe, and also last for many years, you need to know the basic requirements for it. Proceeding from them, at the initial stage of work it is necessary to make and reconcile all calculations, in fact work with metal does not forgive mistakes, it will be very difficult to correct them.

  • The optimum width of the ladder march is from 0.8 to 1 m.
  • The height of the handrail must be at least 0.9 m so that they are comfortable for people with any height.
  • The step height should not exceed 0.2 m, and the width - not less than 0.3 m. With a higher step, it will be difficult to climb the stairs, especially to people with problem health.
  • The load to be carried by the ladder is: for the whole structure - not less than 200 kg, for the handrail - not less than 100 kg.
  • The slope of the ladder march should not exceed 45 °.
  • The distance between the staircase and the wall of the room should not be more than 5 cm.

  Types of metal staircases and staircases

  

  Usually in the construction of private home staircases are made of two types:

  1. With one oblique. The support of such a frame is the central beam, which runs along the central axis of the ladder. This design looks pretty attractive and a bit "airy".Thanks to this frame, the staircase seems to hang in the air. However, from a technical point of view, making a skeleton of such a ladder is much more difficult, due to increasing the load on one beam and the elements of the steps. To increase their reliability and reduce the likelihood of deformation of the steps, you will have to dig up additional braces and kerchiefs.
  2. With two strings. Although these stairs do not look very attractive, they have a huge margin of safety. Such a metal frame, whose price is not too high due to its simplicity, makes it an excellent choice for beginning builders. It represents two metal beams on which the metal constructions of steps are welded.

  Manufacturing of a skeleton of a ladder with two oblique

  

  For such a frame, two I-beams and a steel corner with a shelf width of at least 32 mm are needed.

  The length of the beams is calculated quite simply. To do this, you need to measure the height from the floor of the first floor to the finishing floor of the second floor, as well as the distance from the point of touching the ladder to the floor of the first floor to the perpendicular from the point of contact to the floor of the second floor.

  For example, the height between the floors of two floors( A) is 2.5 meters, and the distance from the beginning of the ladder to the perpendicular( B) is 4.5 meters.

  In this case, using the Pythagorean theorem, we can calculate the length of a pair of beams.

  C2 = A2 + B2, in our case it will be 5.1 m.

  Next, you need to check the future angle of the ladder. As it was said before, it should not be more than 45 °.

  For this it is necessary to calculate the sin angle and using the special Bradis table, known from school, to determine the angle.

  To do this, divide the height between the floor of the first and second floor by the length of the stairwell( Kosoura).

  Sin α = A / C = 0.485643.According to the table, such a value of sin corresponds to an angle of 29 °, which is quite acceptable.

  Next, calculate the number of steps. For this you need to take into account their height and depth.

  With a normal height of 18 cm, 14 steps are obtained on our stairs, in which case their depth is 4.5 / 14 = 32 cm, which is quite enough for its comfortable use.

  So, our ladder will have a length of 5.1 m. 14 steps in height of 18 cm and depth of 32 cm. Depending on this, you can calculate the number of angles. One step will go( 18 + 32) x 2 = 0.8 m, respectively for the whole ladder: 0.8 x 14 = 11.2 meters. It is better to buy a couple of meters more with a margin. If there are pieces left, they will not be superfluous on the farm.

  

  It is better to weld the design of the steps already with the beams installed. It is necessary to check the parallelism of the two halves of each step by means of a level.

  When working on welding of structures, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the welding seam. It should be strong, because the stairs will have to withstand significant loads. After welding, all seams should be carefully cleaned using a grinder.

  When the ladder framework is welded, it is necessary to carry out its anticorrosion treatment to prevent its rusting and improve the appearance. To do this, it is better to use a three-layer painting: a primer coat and two layers of enamel.

  Now you can install rails and stairs. Steps should be made with wood. They have an attractive appearance and in comparison with the metal steps are not too noisy.

  Screw spiral framework

  

  Screw ladder frames are more complex in design and design, so they are rarely attempted to mount without experience. However, such staircases look very attractive and at the same time take up much less space than marches.

  Order of work:

  1. For the fabrication of the spiral staircase framework, two pipes of a suitable diameter will be needed. The first( smaller diameter) is necessary for the installation of the staircase, and the second( larger diameter) - will be used for the manufacture of stair steps. It must be cut into pieces of the same size( approximately 180-200 mm) with the help of a Bulgarian.
  2. It is important to cut straight at a right angle in order to achieve the correct angle of the steps.
  3. For the convenience of assembly steps it is better to make a template of wood in which it will be possible to fix the pipe, expose the corners and weld them together in one detail. When using the template, it will be possible to achieve the same steps, which is important not only from the aesthetic point, but also from the structural point of view.
  4. After all the steps are ready, they must be put on the central rack. If the diameter of the latter does not allow the steps to rigidly fasten on it, and they do not work, then it is necessary to use o-rings. They are made from a rod of the required diameter.
  5. The finished structure is installed strictly vertically, the correct position of the central pipe is checked with a level. For reliability, the lower end is better to be concreted. The upper end of the base is fixed to the ceiling by means of flanges or, if the overlap of reinforced concrete slabs is inserted into the hole in it and sealed with a solution.
  6. When the structure is installed on the workplace, it is necessary to set the steps in such a way that the perpendicular between the far corner of the previous stage and the near corner of the next one is.
  7. Between each other, I weld the steps with a corner to give them extra rigidity. The last thing is installing a railing. For their manufacture use a corpse of square section.
  8. After that, with the help of a grinder, weld seams and conduct anticorrosion treatment. After the metal frame of the ladder has dried from the paint, wooden steps are installed on it.

  Stairs to the metal frame: video