The foundation is the most important element of any house. If it is not done correctly, then the structure itself will very soon become unusable. If you want to make a tile foundation yourself this article is very useful.
The tile foundation is much better and more reliable than any other type of foundation, but construction companies ask for a third of the cost of the building, and sometimes more. In fact, the cost of this part of the construction is not so great. Tiled foundation can be made independently. You can do it no worse than professionals, if you comply with all the rules, but to save money if you are installing the foundation yourself, you can a considerable amount.
Foundation solid casting
When is the foundation of this type used?
The tile foundation is excellent for residential and non-residential areas, especially if you do not plan to build a basement. Another small plus is that you do not have to put the lag under the floor, since the solid slab will be a ready floor for the future structure. Monolithic foundation - the slab is distinguished by its great strength and seismic stability, its washing by water is practically excluded, since the basement area is quite large. This foundation is perfect if there is a problem on your site.
Technology
There are two ways to create a foundation plate-monolithic and prefabricated. If the slab is monolithic, first the formwork is assembled, then the reinforcing cage is assembled, and once the concrete is poured into the entire structure. In the case of a prefabricated basement it is assembled from ready-made reinforced concrete slabs, the seams between them are poured with concrete. Such a construction does not require formwork and installation of the reinforcing cage, but has its drawbacks. It is impossible to achieve the necessary thick foundation as the plates manufactured at the factory have a certain thickness. In fact, the foundation will not be monolithic, which makes it less durable. Requires a faucet for laying slabs. Because of the unevenness of the soil, the slab can not be laid flat, it is necessary to level them, which is almost impossible to do manually.
Advantages of
The main advantage of a monolithic slab is its ability to withstand heavy loads even with a small width. The pluses can be attributed to the simplicity of mounting the plate and its durability, as well as the fact that you do not have to mount the floor in the future structure. The monolithic plate perfectly isolates from ground waves and earth cold. The plate can not float by separate elements, if its displacement occurs, then only completely. The house seems to float in the ground as a whole, which makes it resistant to earthquakes. Such a foundation usually does not crack. The monolithic plate is built fast enough and does not require heavy equipment on the site. On the basis of a not very thick monolithic slab, you can build a house in two floors.
How the
plate is made In general, the construction itself is done as follows: the excavation of the required size and depth is excavated. Then a layer of sand or rubble is poured in, communications( sewage pipes and water pipes are put in. A concrete screed is made from above, this is then insulated, then the formwork is built, the reinforcement cage and the slab can be poured with concrete
Basement Monolithic
Plate How to determine the thickness of the slab
The thickness of the monolithic slab depends on what kind of house you will build, the heavier the thicker the slab should be. If the foundation is planned shallow, the thickness of the slab can be no more than 30 cm, you can make a deep foundation. Most of the time for a private building, the foundation of which is not thicker than 40 cm is used.
Concrete of the brand m 200 is used for the foundation slab. The concrete mobility should be p-3, cold resistance F200, but not less. Note the marking of water resistance, it must be no less than W8
Foundation monolithic slab view from inside
Stages of foundation construction
First you need to mark the area on which the future structure will be located. Note that the formwork will occupy a certain place, so that it would be more convenient to work with it, add about a meter to the sides of the pit.
To ensure that the pressure on the slab is further uniform, the area is leveled. At the bottom of the excavation there should be no hillocks and swings.
drainage system must be done immediately. To do this, you can excavate transverse trenches to drain water. Geotextiles are put on their bottom. Then it is required to put plastic pipes with pre-made holes. All this is covered with fine gravel and again covered with geotextile.
Substrate under the foundation
Formwork
It is most convenient to make the formwork. It is pieced around the perimeter of the excavation from the planks. The outside is strengthened by means of struts.
After the formwork is ready to make a foundation pillow. It is made of a layer of sand and gravel. The cushion is boring to remove moisture from the foundation and amortization of the soil. The cushion can be in thickness from 15 to 30 cm. If the soil is too moist, fine gravel can be added.
The cushion should be well tamped. Ideally, the sand should not leave any traces of shoes after a quality ramming.
after is done waterproofing. First a solution of sand and cement is made. They pour a pillow. The thickness of such a solution should be about five by itself. After it is possible to put a waterproofing, use roll material for this purpose. For example, roofing material. Well, if part of the material falls on the formwork
Formwork for the foundation
when the waterproofing is ready, you can start reinforcing for this you need reinforcement. Use a twisted fixture, and do not use welding. Wire drawn rods will be more mobile and will save the plate in case of uneven load. Whereas welded rods will increase the load and it will wash up. The frame is tied in the foundation pit itself.
After the reinforcement is finished, you can start pouring the slab. It is best to invite a car with a ready solution and fill the whole foundation at once. So it will be exactly homogeneous and will not give cracks.
Ready-made foundation - cast-in-place slab
