Time spares nothing. Gradually break down the structure, both impressive structures and residential buildings. Causes of destruction may vary. Their volume depends on the characteristics of the raw materials from which the building is built. Naturally, brick and stone projects boast the greatest durability. At the same time, until now, both residential and industrial buildings have wood and plastic.
How to strengthen the foundation of a wooden house
Any settlement is full of wooden houses. They are beautiful and eco-friendly, but they can not serve faithfully for a very long time. Among the reasons for this can be recalled:
- - the shifts of a variety of subterranean strata;
- - construction work, when heavy machinery is rumbling on the next section;
- - design errors.
In addition, the construction of the structure is adversely affected by temperature changes and atmospheric moisture. However, in any cases it is required to repair, and also to strengthen the foundation. As practice shows, with the restoration work should not be delayed, because the emergency house sits down, and the walls crack.
Some basic tips related to the restoration of the foundation
To determine the speed and degree of subsidence, it is advisable to glue the cracks with a paper tape( beacon).It must certainly be noted the date of fixation. If beacons are torn regularly, almost immediately after the label, then this indicates that the process of destruction has moved into the active phase, and therefore urgent measures must be taken to save the building from destruction.
Following certain recommendations, you can repair yourself.
Formwork under the foundation
- A big trench, which surrounds the house along the perimeter, comes off the old foundation with a backing. The width of the pit varies from 30 to 40 cm. In depth, it must be compared with the first base( its lower edge).
- Inside a metal pipe( diameter 1.5-2 cm) or some other reinforcement is laid.
- The resulting pit is filled with a solution of liquid concrete. The pouring process continues until the solution ceases to decrease. This is a testament to the fact that the soil no longer absorbs liquid. The procedure is repeated after two days.
- The entire network of cracks again pasted paper beacons. Their integrity indicates that the activities carried out were not in vain.
Nuances of preparation of concrete mix
Used concrete can be bought ready-made in retail trade, or make a mixture by your efforts. For this you should stock up:
- sand;
- with water;
- with cement;
- plasticizer;
- with rubble.
At the first stage, equal parts of cement and water are taken. After that, the slurry is replenished with a plasticizer( 100 g of the mixture per 15 liters of liquid).There is also added a triple dose of sand and gravel. The addition of a plasticizer adds a plasticity solution. With such qualities, the old and new foundations become one. Since there is a withdrawal of excessive moisture, the latter will not freeze during the winter frost.
Stages of reinforcing new foundations under wooden houses
There are times when new repairs are needed in such repairs( or the load on the future base is not calculated correctly).The same situation is observed when an additional extension of several structures is planned.
Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the foundation. This is done in this way:
- around the building is required to excavate a not very deep trench( about 30 cm), inside which is built a wooden formwork of boards;
- in the walls of the old foundation a number of holes are made by the perforator, which are filled with metal pins;
- between them stretched metal wire. Connections are seized by welding;
- a concrete mortar is poured into the reinforced pit( consisting of cement, sand, water and filler, - gravel, or gravel).
Foundation reinforcement scheme
The resulting reinforced concrete foundation ring assumes a significant share of the total load, which is evenly distributed throughout the site where the building is located. If, thus, the bearing capacity of the old base is strengthened, this prevents the destruction of the latter( or its sediment).
This technique is used when the foundation breaks up all around the perimeter. If the part of the base is damaged, then only one, "emergency" side, settles down. By a similar technique, columnar structures are also restored. However, here the strengthening of each pillar takes place separately.
On hardening of an outdated foundation with screw piles
In the classical version, the repair of concrete foundations( especially columnar) of private houses is carried out by installing screw piles. They perfectly cope with huge loads. At the same time, their cost is much smaller, in comparison with other types of foundations. A set of mounting screw piles is mounted in the base of buildings without any problems( no need for special tools and equipment).Due to this, the operational life of the foundation rises to hundreds of years, and the bearing characteristics are preserved.
Using screw piles to strengthen the foundation
The process is as follows: at certain intervals, screw piles are screwed into the ground. The type of applied products is determined by the weight of the future building. After raising the house, you can begin to dismantle the outdated foundation.
When reinforcing the foundation with screw piles, remember where the load-bearing walls are located and the inner partitions intersect. Experience shows that in these areas it is necessary to strengthen the base. Using a special lever, the piles should be screwed to the maximum depth, greater than the freezing level.
All piles should rise above the ground at the same height. Its magnitude is controlled by the construction level. At the last stage, the piles are joined together, forming a single, solid structure. This option is especially effective where there is a constant subsidence of the soil.
How to strengthen the foundation with waterproofing
The life of the foundations of wooden buildings can be significantly increased if possible threatening and dangerous situations can be prevented. In particular, an effective preventive measure is the procedure for waterproofing the substrate. It should be carried out even when a trench is digging around the outer walls of country houses.
Strengthen the base with waterproofing
The walls of the base are treated with a solution of hot bitumen, over which foam sheets are glued. This design not only protects the foundation from moisture penetration, but also increases the frost resistance of the foundation.
If the basement begins to die, then it is worth carefully insulating the interior space of the latter. Here, too, should dig up the earth. Then the foundation walls are covered with roofing felt or roofing material( at least 3 layers).Neighboring strata are reliably bound by heated bitumen.
To strengthen the foundation, one side of it is divided into 2-meter sections. Then you should begin to strengthen the structure. Again, next to the old structure is digging a trench. In depth, it should exceed the level of the former base.
The walls of the old structure are covered with a system of holes for the reinforcement, which will serve as a link between the old and new foundations. At the end of assembly, the section is poured with concrete. The next compartment can be processed only after the previous segment has dried completely.
