Principles of sewerage in a private house

Features of the pit device

If the connection to the central drainage systemit is impossible, then there is nothing to choose from.

It is necessary to do by the hands on a private site in the worst case - a drain hole, in the best - a septic tank.

Arrangement pit as in the photo, will cost less, but you will have to confine yourself to the convenience of servicing life.

In accordance with the standard requirements of SNiP, the drainage pit should not be closer to a private house than 5 meters from the wall of the capital structure, with an indentation from the intake of at least 2 m.

The distance from the discharge pit to the drinking well must be at least 30m.

If you take into account the peculiarities of a private plot, after all, it is usual for a cesspool to look for a place in the far corners, we can conclude that the distance from the sink to the house will reach 35-50 meters.

Thus the laying of the water drain should not be carried out near to a water system of the private house. The optimal distance between them is 3 meters.

Taking into account the average slope of the sewage system - 3 cm per one meter of pipe, it turns out that the difference in the heights of the external surface, between the point of drainage from the house and the point of putting the pipe into the drain pit at a distance of 50 meters, is 15 cm.

A project with a similarThe calculation should include either a greater penetration of the pit or a rise in internal plumbing fixtures.

The scheme for calculating the volume of the waste pit is calculated taking into account each tenant of a private house, so for one person's needs there should be 0.5 m 3.

With the constant residence of the average family, it turns out that the services of sewerage equipment will have to be used once in 2-3 months.

In case if the septic facility is arranged, pumping out of drains can be done every 5-6 months.

Features of the installation of a septic tank

The sewerage project of a private house, including a septic tank, is considered more convenient. Installation of the septic tank and its arrangement, judging by the photo, does not require much space, but will cost more.

Purified liquid will be supplied to the site and can be used to make up beds.

The mud is selected from the septic tank about once a year, it can also be used for household purposes, as a fertilizer for the garden.

Planning to water the reclaimed bed of water, it is recommended to make a separate reservoir for the accumulation of sewage with chemical substances( after washing, washing dishes), and for sewage of natural origin.

Installation of a septic tank goes to a depth of 1.5 m, while the distance from a private house can be about 5 m.

It is recommended to equip a ditch under the pit basin with concrete or brick walls, as in the photo, which eliminates deformation of the septic tank under ground pressure.
The depth of installation of the septic tank allows you to correctly calculate the depth required for laying the sewer.

At the same time, experts do not recommend making a pipe connection by hand between the house and the septic tank with turns or knees. It is best if the flow is straight.

The depth of laying the sewer can not be less than 70-80 cm. It is possible to specify this parameter for different regions, taking into account the freezing level of the ground.

In this case, the pipe laying is slightly above the middle of its freezing.

And this is provided that on the surface of the earth does not lie a site from which in winter it will be necessary to clean snow deposits constantly.

The device of external canalization for a private house

When designing an external sewage system, it is recommended to take into account three important factors:

• depth of soil freezing;
• ground characteristic;
• possibility of mechanical pressure on the ground.

The external sewage system in a private house must be made below the freezing level of the soil.

If the depth is not calculated correctly, then as the temperature falls outside, the liquid in the pipes will freeze, which will lead to their depressurization.

In the place where the external sewage system is connected to a drain pit or a septic tank, the depth of laying must be at least 100 cm.

Placing a pipeline with the correct gradient plays an important role in efficient operation of the drain.

It is usual to make the slope of the external sewage system recommended with an indicator of 2-3 cm per running meter of the pipeline.

The sewerage project for a private house with similar parameters is the key to the normal functioning of the system.

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In this case, drains with solid constituents will pass through the pipeline 70-100 cm 3 per second.

In this case, the solid components will remain in suspension and will not be able to form sediments on the inner walls. And this means that the occurrence of blockages is excluded.

In this case, the technical parameters of the products play a major role in the arrangement of the sewage system with their own hands. Make connection of private sewerage to the drain by using several types of pipes.

On the correctness of their choice will depend on the life of the entire system.

Cast iron products - most often used to equip industrial waste water aggressive nature.

Because of the high cost this type is not used in private construction, but on occasion, such a domestic sewerage will last about 100 years.

Steel products in private sewage are rare, but still used. Their use is justified for external sewerage, which will be in the ground under load.

Although it is still not recommended to use external sink with their participation, as steel is more prone to corrosion than others.

Plastic - a universal type of products, with their use you can make their own hands, both external and internal private sewerage systems.

Internal sewerage for a private house

The scheme by which internal sewerage planning is planned in the residential area of ​​a private house can have a different level of complexity.

According to experts, most of the time it takes the connection of pipes and fittings inside the house. Therefore, in order to speed up the process, it is necessary to prepare the project in advance.

In order to know in detail how this is done correctly, it is better to view a thematic photo and video material with the participation of experienced masters who decided to share their knowledge.

Installation of sewerage in a private home is performed using plastic pipes, which are easy to identify by gray color.

Internal wiring diagram provides connection to the drain, in addition to the bathroom, and various household appliances.

To connect the toilet, use products with a diameter of 110 mm, for other devices( bathroom, sink, washbasin, etc.) - 50 mm.

If no large drains are planned, the riser can be made from a 110 mm pipe. Slope to the riser for 50 mm pipes is made in 3 °, for 110 mm - 2 °.

Sometimes an internal sewer system of a private house is made by hiding a pipeline under a layer of concrete mortar.

In this case, this is not the best idea, because with unexpected depressurization of the system, repair work will require the destruction of the surface finish of the floors or walls.

An ideal solution for internal sewerage in a private house can be considered a wiring made at the ceiling of the basement, or the lower floor of the house.

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At the same time, all visible details of the system can be hidden in aesthetic attractive boxes, which can be made with their own hands from plasterboard.

If the sewerage will be hidden under the concrete layer, it is necessary to determine the correct slope of the pipeline.

Further, before pouring pipes with mortar, it is recommended to use clamps to ensure their stability.

It is very difficult to predict how much they can move in the process of concreting.

In this case, the clamp fasteners can not be placed very close to the edges of the pipes due to thermal deformation.

When moving hot water on sewer plastic products, they tend to lengthen, but under the concrete layer, they will have nowhere to do it.

While the thermal conductivity of the concrete will allow, the pipes will give him temperature, but as soon as this is not enough, the pipe may burst.

If a pipeline is planned to be laid in the wall of a private house with subsequent plastering of the surface, it is recommended to insulate the products with some soft material, usually corrugated cardboard, fiberglass or mineral fiber.

The following video will complement the topic of arranging the internal sewerage system in a private house.

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Sewage draining outside

If the connection between the internal and external pipes of the sewer system of the private house is excluded, it is possible to exclude the construction work from the point of discharging the drains.

The outlet is a part of the system forming the joint of the pipe directed towards the septic tank with the central riser.

When settling the sewerage of a private house, two important things must be done. The first is to organize the exit angle without a sharp transition.

Usually at the point of discharge, the direction of the water changes at a right angle. Most often, the outer pipe and the riser are connected by two branches to 1350.

What allows to extend the life of the pipeline, to reduce noise level, to eliminate the formation of blockages and to ensure a full outflow of used water.

The second thing to consider is the pipe laying through the wall. For her, make a technological hole at a certain height.

As a rule, if the planning of sewerage systems and water supply was made during the construction of a private house, such openings are performed in advance in the process of laying walls or installing a foundation.

Use a steel sleeve with a diameter of 20-30 mm, diameter should exceed the diameter of the sewage outlet, it is laid in the opening in the solution.

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After laying the pipes, the gap between the sleeve and the pipe wall is sealed with insulating material with heat and water repellent properties.

Its presence is necessary in case shrinkage of a new private house to prevent the pipe from deformation - compression and subsequent fracture.

The sleeve is better to take such a length that its edges protrude from either side of the foundation or wall by 1.5 cm.

Connecting a private house to the central sewer

To connect the sewer drain of a private house to the central sewerage, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate permit of the enterprise that is engaged in servicing the acceptance of sewage.

In addition, it is necessary to coordinate the project of laying a sewage pipeline with neighbors and the organization responsible for the operation of the road. Usually the pipeline is laid under the ground to a depth of at least one meter.

If the private house is located below the level of the central sewage system, then a pressure complex should be used.

Before starting work on the construction of the receiving well, all planned actions are coordinated with the neighbors.

The principle of functioning of this system is to drain the sewage into a separate tank, from where they are fed to the central sewage system by means of a sewage sewage pump.

When connecting to a receiving tank of several private houses, there is an opportunity to save money, and to build such a well by common forces.

After tapping into the central sewer system, care should be taken to remove storm water. If possible, drainage is done directly in a private area, after which water is used to irrigate the garden and garden.

If this is not possible, storm sewage is also discharged through a sewer central riser.

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For this purpose a separate receiving tank is constructed, as in case of heavy rains the water can leak out.

The cut-off for rainwater is also carried out separately, this approach is explained by the low capacity of the private pipeline compared to the general sewage system.