In the construction of any structure, no matter what materials it was built from, there are necessarily elements made of wood. Most often it is from it that the rafter system, various types of load-bearing skeletons( curtains), door and window openings are arranged. And floors, partitions, stairs? Yes, you never know what else.
Growth in the popularity of frame construction has caused quite a clear interest of individual developers to the issue of fire protection. The tree from time immemorial is considered a universal building material, as it has many advantages. But there are significant disadvantages that need to be considered. The peculiarity of the application is that any "wooden" procurement must necessarily pass through special processing. Why?
What is needed for protection
From rot
Wood, regardless of species, is capable of absorbing moisture. With varying intensity, but soaking leads to the appearance of mold( fungus), the development of a variety of bacteria.
From insects
Various bugs - "woodworms" for a short period of time can turn a tree into rubble, to fence any part of the construction with tunnel tunnels. And they "work" regardless of the time of the year, and there is no escape from them, except how to impregnate the material.
From contact with the atmosphere
Humidity and temperature changes cause cracks in the wood. And the stronger such influence, the more often it will be necessary to be engaged in repair. And ultraviolet not only accelerates this process, but also leads to a darkening of surfaces, which does not have the best effect on appearance.
From fire
The fact that wood belongs to the class of combustible materials is known to everyone. Therefore, there is no sense in explaining why protection against thermal influences is necessary.
When raising the question of the most effective means of fire protection, you can often hear recommendations referring to the "most wonderful" imports. And here, it seems to us, some clarification is required. In pursuit of bright labels and catchy names, we sometimes forget that during the Soviet times our "chemical school" was considered one of the best in the world.
It can not be assumed that its traditions do not have continuation. Moreover, many advertised foreign compounds are created on the basis of our developments. How did they get there( for the "hillock"), the question is different. But the fact remains, and serious experts will not deny this.
How to understand what kind of composition? It is necessary to carefully study the code consisting of letters and numbers. That's what you need to pay attention to first.
How to "decipher"
"B"
This means substances containing boric acid. In addition, it gives, in addition, flame retardant properties.
"D"
Also protects from fire, as when exposed to a thermal reaction as a result of a chemical reaction, the wood is covered with a kind of film.
"M"
As a rule, this is copper sulfate. It is both a good protection against both inflammation and fungus( mold).It has long been considered a folk remedy for combating mold and rot.
"C"
So denoted soda( calcined).Her close "congenital", potash, enjoys "authority" among firefighters. It is considered one of the best ways to protect against fire( impregnation with 40% solution).
"F"
With such formulations, care must be taken. Sodium fluoride is a poison. Destructive to mold and bugs.
"X"
Substance is poisonous. Is a poison for "woodworm".
"HA"
The peculiarity of such compositions is that with a strong increase in temperature they release a gas that prevents the spread of the flame and reduces it to zero.
Please note that many of the commercially available preparations are effective only as long as the wood is dry. The fact is that with increasing humidity, some components are simply "washed out", hence the material is also protected. Therefore, it is advisable to use paint and varnish.
Alkyd
Differ good performance, but there is a significant drawback. They differ in surface effect, since they do not penetrate deep into the structure of the material.
Enamels, nitrolaks, epoxy compounds
Same properties as alkyd substances. However, they do not give an antiseptic effect, therefore they are more considered to be fire protection means.
Paints( enamels) acrylic
As a rule, they are bred with water. After the ink has dried, a protective film forms. According to experts, imported products are much more expensive than Russian, while quality is often inferior to domestic funds.
Practical advice
- Any preparation for protection against biological pests contains to some extent toxic components. Therefore, it is necessary not only to observe special care and precautions when using them, but also to ensure proper storage safety. Access to them of children and pets should be completely excluded.
- The effectiveness of any composition is largely determined by the conditions of its application. Which wood was processed( dry or wet), under what weather and so on. Therefore, one-time impregnation, as a rule, does not give a result. And most of the funds are designed to handle precisely well-dried blanks. Take into account this, otherwise such work just loses its meaning.
Specialists recommend to carry out protective measures at least 2 times with an interval of 30 minutes to an hour, and then, if the workpiece is dry and processed at a normal level of humidity and temperature of at least 18 ° C!For other conditions( if permitted by the Producer), the number of "repetitions" should be increased.
- If a compound based on sodium fluoride is used, it is worth remembering that it loses its properties by direct contact with cement, alabaster, chalk, lime.
- When processing wooden "parts" that will not be visible after installation, and therefore their appearance does not play a role, you can use this way - to make them impregnated with a mixture of waste oil( engine oil) and solar paints. But the feature is that the workpiece must be kept in the "solution" for several days, but then you can not paint it.
An unequivocal answer to the question of which means for fire-biosecurity is better, can not be. The quality of the processing depends on the tree species, the technology of the "process", the external conditions. And from the accuracy and experience of the one who does the work - too. But the most high-quality protection is achieved with a comprehensive approach - impregnation + external coating( paints, varnishes, mastics).
In addition, the quality of the further "cladding" is also important, if the wooden product is, for example, part of the internal structure. For example, if we are talking about a rafter system, then an important role is played by hydro- and vapor insulation. If the workpiece is dug in the ground, then no impregnation will help. It is necessary also to process outside. For example, pour hot bitumen.
Conclusion
Which composition to apply, everyone decides for himself. Just remember that:
- first, you can not be limited to just one tool;
- secondly, the selected compositions should complement each other, that is, have slightly different characteristics. This will ensure better protection;
- third, the work should only be carried out under suitable conditions( temperature, humidity).
