- To ensure that the load from the rafters, roofing and snow, swept to the roof in the winter, was evenly distributed, longitudinal elements - mauerlat and bedding - are laid on top of all supporting walls. They are made of a bar of 100x150 mm or 150x150 mm, and in some cases of reinforced concrete beams. When self-building houses are usually used wood - this material is easier and more convenient to handle, so we will consider it exactly. The beam is laid on the walls and fixed with the help of anchor pins. The studs are installed even during the construction of the walls, burying them in the masonry. In wooden structures, the upper crown of the log cabin serves as supports. Between the mauerlate and the wall, waterproofing from two layers of ruberoid is required. Laying lies on the load-bearing partitions, on which the support posts will be installed.
- If there are no internal partitions in the house or they are located not in the center of the roof, the racks are placed on reinforced joists. Overlapping is usually performed from a board of 50x200 mm. The beam on which the racks are mounted carries an increased load, therefore it is made of two interlocked boards or of a beam of 100x200 mm.
- Install the support racks on the floor or floor joists. Align them using a plumb or water level, and then fix the temporary supports from the boards on the screws. To the floor or the ceiling, the posts are fixed with the help of a corner and metal plates-overlays. Racks for a hip simple roof are put in one row on the center of the roof, under the ridge. The distance between them should not be more than two meters. To erect a hipped roof, the racks are placed on lines of diagonals at an equal distance from the corner. Racks in this case must form a rectangle that repeats the shape of the perimeter of the house. The height of the racks is determined by the design of the roof.
- Runs are put on the racks. For a simple hip roof, this is a ridge run laid on the posts and forming a roof ridge. For the hipped roof, the runs are placed on the racks in the form of a rectangle. Fasten them to the corner and screws.
- Begin the installation of rafters. The side rafters on a simple hip roof are installed similarly to the saddle roof rafters of a gable roof: a board with a width similar to the width of the rafters' board is applied to the ridge beam in the area of the extreme rack with a width of 150 mm. The template is executed on it. The board for the template can be taken not so thick and heavy, enough and 25 mm thick. On the template, mark the top notch, with which the rafters will rest on the ridge beam, cut it out. Applying the template to the ridge, mark and bottom the saw, with which the rafter will lean on the Mauerlat. The finished template is applied to the ridge run at the site of installation of the side rafters, checking the necessity of fitting each rafters in place. If the pattern is perfect, the rafters are marked and patterned in the right amount. Install them on the ridge run and Mauerlat and fix it with the help of corners and screws or staples. Step rafters - from 0,5 to 1,5 meters.
Attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat
- Diagonal rafters carry an increased load, so they are made of two plated boards. The pattern of diagonal rafters is similar. Diagonal rafters are supported by the upper side on the rack, and the bottom - on the corner of the Mauerlat, so the incisions in the boards should be performed at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the board.
Determination of the length of the angled rafters
- The distance between the diagonal rafters on the hips is filled with Narodniks. They are installed in steps equal to the calculated step of the rafters, and they are supported by the upper part on the diagonal rafter, and the lower one by the Mauerlat. Usually a less thick board is used, since the workers do not carry a significant load. In the upper part of the board they make a drink, and half of the narrators perform this pattern, the second half - in the mirror image. The lower cuts are marked in place, and the ends of the craftsmen forming the overhang are cut along the tight cord after installation.
- The greatest load is experienced by the lower quarter of the diagonal rafters, so they are placed under vertical supports - sprigels. These racks are placed similarly to the ridge racks on reinforced beams - with a preliminary calculation of the overlapping it is necessary to lay them immediately. Under the side rafters, put the struts, resting them with the bottom edge into the logs or joists, and the upper rafters at the angle of about 45 degrees to the horizon.
In the lower part of the load-bearing rafter, trussed trusses
- Perform a crate. On a four-pitched roof, almost any roofing material can be used, and the choice between ondulin and corrugated board or metal-tile is a matter of taste and features of their installation. Often as a coating for complex roofs use soft tiles, in this case the crate is made of solid plywood. The question of roof insulation is decided depending on the project of the house - when installing a residential attic, it is necessary to insulate, if the attic is cold, only the floors are insulated. It is not easy to build a four-pitched roof with your own hands, but with good skill in working with wood and roofing materials, this is quite feasiblea task. For a better understanding of the construction process, you can also watch the video.
Four-deck roof is a very popular type of roofing, which allows to give the house an original look. It is often used in projects of large enough houses, as it looks more compact and neater than a gable with gables. The construction of a gable roof can be simple or include various elements - attic and dormer windows, for example, very liven the design, make it unique.
Four-high roof with their own hands
The four-spaced roof advantageously differs from the gable roof not only by its appearance. It significantly protects the building from rain, snow and wind. The construction of such a roof is more complicated than that of a gable roof, but for a small house or pergola, a custom-made four-pitched roof is not particularly difficult.
Kinds of a gable roof
A simple hip roof consists of two trapezoidal skates and two triangular hips. When it is built, methods are used for making layered rafters for gable roofs and for ramp-type rafters.
Four-slope roof for country house
Semi-wool roof consists of two trapezoidal skates and two cut hips, under which is a pediment. This design allows you to make in the attic attic floor with large panoramic windows and at the same time does not reduce the reliability of the roof.
Four-tier semi-high roof
The tent roof differs from the simple hip in that all four of its slopes are exactly the same, they are isosceles triangles that converge at one point.
tented roof with four slope roofs A complex four-slope roof can contain vertical attic windows with gables, valleys and adjoining to other elements of the building. To perform such a roof it is better to resort to the services of specialists or to take advantage of the finished project and the calculation of materials.
The complex four-slope roof
The elements of the four-slope roof
The four-stage roof as a whole consists of the same elements as the gable roof, but the features of its construction require the installation of additional components of the frame. The elements of the gable roof are:
- Mauerlat - bar, laid on the upper part of the outer walls and taking the main load from the roof;
- Legends - internal support bars laid on supporting walls or columns;
- Rafters - lateral and diagonal, or canted. The side rafters form a trapezoidal roof slope, the hipped roofs are hip. The tent roof does not have side rafters;
- Racks and stitches - vertical supports supporting the truss system;
- Ridge bar or run - horizontal support for rafters in the upper part of the roof. He is put on the racks and fixed. The hipped roof is made without a ridge beam;
- Tie or barbell - horizontal elements that connect the side rafters and do not allow them to move apart;
- Naroshniki - elements, laid on the diagonal rafters and forming the skate frame;
- Braces and wind bars - struts that increase the strength of the roof and its ability to withstand loads;
- Lads - boards forming the necessary overhang of the roof and fastened to the rafters in their lower part.
Structure of a four-slope roof from the inside
To calculate the required amount of materials, you must draw a sketch of the roof in advance, determine its shape and dimensions, then draw the drawing in scale and calculate the required material.
