One of the criteria that guide individual developers when choosing a particular project is the speed of building. There are many explanations for this - the desire to quickly move into their own home;surprises, presented by the weather, which often complicates the conduct of technological operations and delays the delivery of the facility.
And the practical side of the issue is also an important factor. In most cases, you have to rent something( concrete mixer, for example), the payment for which is mostly calculated daily. New technologies for the construction of private houses, depending on the skills of the masters and the thoughtfulness of the preparatory measures, allow to build a standard house in just 2 - 3 months. That's about them and will be told in the proposed article.
The author draws attention to the fact that technologies and new building materials should not be confused. For example, foam concrete, slabs OSV, log rounded and so on. This is already different, although the application and installation of each of the samples has its own specifics.
The newest construction technologies
TISE
It has other names in everyday use - "folk", "shuttering formwork".Unlike many technologies, including the newest ones, this is a purely Russian invention. One of the advantages is the ability to literally do everything yourself, which is especially appreciated when building private houses.
Features
- With this technology, the foundations are columnar or pile foundations. As an option - varieties with grillage. The main working tool at this stage is a drill specially designed for TISE.
- Walls are erected from blocks, and hollow ones, which are formed directly on the site of their installation. For this, formwork modules are used;they only need to be rearranged from time to time. Therefore, fixing them on any segment where the wall should be erected, it remains only to load the solution and wait until it seizes. After this - dismantling of modules and reinstallation on a new site.
Advantages of
- Absence of so-called "cold bridges".By the way, one of the main problems that most private developers have to solve to reduce the level of heat loss.
- Minimum number of employees. With the construction of such a technology they will need 2 - 3 people( the owner himself and the power of a pair of assistants).And that, only for carrying out of separate operations. Basically, to re-install the panel modules, ground drilling.
- You do not have to rent or bring in any equipment, which gives tangible savings.
- The possibility of combining in such walls of various building materials. As a rule, concrete + brick.
Wireframe technology
We do not practice it so often yet, but it is caused by rather low awareness of individual developers.
Features
After the construction of the foundation, the frame is assembled. In fact, this is a design that combines vertically, horizontally and diagonally oriented beam elements. Basically, it's metal or wood billets - to whom and with what it is more convenient to work. Metal samples are stronger, but fixing something on them, jointing with each other is possible only after drilling holes, or using a welding machine.
Proceeding from this, when building private houses using wireframe technology, preference is given to wood when installing the "skeleton".Basically, this bar, because its correct geometry greatly facilitates the assembly of the structure.
Walls are nothing more than a carcass plating. At their erection can be used as various materials, and technologies. They are implemented in two versions. The first one is the walls with filling, when almost any thermal insulation materials are poured( filled, poured) between the elements of the skin( for example, OSB plates).It can be foam concrete, mineral wool, expanded clay, polyurethane foam or other. The second - prefabricated shields, which have already laid and waterproofing, and insulation.
Although the latter option for making your own hands is less advisable. It is difficult to accurately perform the assembly of shields in compliance with all the features of technology. And the installation of such massive modules by hand is impossible - you need a crane.
Advantages of
- With this type of construction it is possible to equip a foundation of any type. This technology is recommended on all soils, including "problem" categories.
- Possibility( if desired or necessary) of rapid re-planning with minimal costs. The same applies to the increase in the size of a private house. To make an extension to it, to expand the dimensions of the premises is not a problem. It is enough only to install additional frames of the frame and to make the lining of new walls.
- "Finishing" finishing of a private house is made by any materials. In this respect, there are no restrictions, which allows the owners to choose the most economical option.
3D panels
This technology somewhat resembles a frame-shield, although there are differences. Panels, though industrial manufacture, but they are not prefabricated panels, but monolithic plates made of expanded polystyrene, reinforced by reinforcing meshes on both sides. Their mutual fixation is carried out by metal rods piercing the polymer diagonally. On the one hand - the assembly is strong, on the other - characterized by a low weight.
Features
- As such, the "skeleton" of a private house is missing. Its role is played by the panels themselves, which are rigidly fastened together, forming the walls of the building.
- After mounting the entire structure, it is covered with a concrete "jacket".Accordingly, the shell is arranged on both sides of the 3D panels.
Advantage of
Given that the walls represent the basis of their polymer, such private houses are characterized by minimal heat loss.
In the construction of buildings, SIP panels are also used - it is also from the latest technologies. But when building private houses they are practically not used. The main reason is the large dimensions of the products. Their main purpose is to build large-scale facilities( administrative, production and other buildings).
Therefore, it is hardly appropriate to pay attention to this technology if the topic of the article is private houses. As an option - to order SIP-panels on their own drawings. But who would be interested in this, if such construction will be "a pretty penny"?
Fixed formwork
This technology has become increasingly practiced in the construction of private houses, because it is basically more known.
Feature of
Formation of non-removable formwork is made from various samples( block, panel) which are installed along the perimeter of the foundation, with the distance( along the width of the tape) from each other. In the resulting cavity, after installing the reinforcement elements( bars), a concrete solution is poured.
Advantages of
- Almost the whole cycle of work can be done alone. If the assistants will be needed, then perhaps at separate stages of erecting the foundation and overlapping.
- Such a private house, with the right choice of wall formwork material, does not need additional insulation.
The latest finishing technologies
They should also be listed, as they directly relate to the construction industry. More on each technology by reference.
- "Wet" facade.
- Facade ventilated.
New materials
- Foam glass.
- Waterproofing penetrating action.
- Armature - tensionable and composite.
- Decorative plaster.
This article provides general information and is, in fact, an overview of all the latest technologies. For example, it is rather interesting to construct a "EcoKuba" method, using panels assembled on the basis of straw bales of increased density, covered with a metal frame. The technology "thermode" is gaining popularity.
The author has considered it expedient to consider the features of only those construction technologies that are more known in our country, and are in demand from private developers. In addition, it is quite difficult to classify all practicing technologies. This is due to the fact that many of them are mixed, as some of their elements are somewhat similar or completely repeatable - by the way of assembly of structural parts, used materials at this or that stage of work.
But the above information is enough to determine, from which all the same it is better to build a house. And all the other nuances can be clarified or independently, or consult a specialist.