In recent years, our country increasingly began to turn to the technology of building frame houses. The most famous of them are Finnish and Canadian. However, the purpose of frame house building is to use the most advanced ideas that allow more effective use of building materials. The potential for the distribution of frame houses in the vastness of our country is quite high. After all, our climatic conditions, at least in the middle band, differ little from Canadian or Scandinavian ones. However, the percentage of people's trust in this technology is still undeservedly low. Meanwhile, to build a frame house with their own hands is much easier than from other materials, and its consumer properties it is not so critical from them.
Example of a cottage built using the frame technology
Is it necessary to make the insulation of the frame house
? Normally, houses are built in order to live in them permanently or for use as a temporary seasonal dwelling, for example, in a suburban area. From the scope of the use of the structure depends the power of its insulation. Unlike other construction technologies, in this case it is the layer of insulation that mainly affects the consumer properties of the house. After all, the building itself is inherently a design of vertical racks and horizontal straps. The gaps between them are filled with sheet materials and insulation, which has the lowest possible thermal conductivity.
The layered scheme of the wall of the frame house
What facing material and insulation is used depends on the frequency of operation of the building and on the climatic zone in which it is located. For example, according to the data obtained during testing of heaters, a 4-centimeter layer of expanded polystyrene can easily replace 45 mm of mineral wool, 65 mm of fibreboard, 14 mm of bar, 380 mm of expanded clay and as much as 860 mm of bricks. Thus, for year-round living, it is necessary to make walls from a OSB board and a foam polystyrene insulation with a thickness of at least 4 cm. For summer use, the thickness of expanded polystyrene can be reduced by 3 to 4 times.
Foundation construction for frame house
Frame technology is suitable only for low-rise construction. Do not build houses above two floors in this way. Even the second floor is better to do mansard. The thing is that the structure of the frame is very light and it can not withstand the loads of several floors. Moreover, the light framework has its own significant plus - the lack of the need to build a massive deep foundation.
The pile foundation tied with a beam is the optimal solution for the frame house
The most optimal solution is to build a shallow strip or columnar foundation or make it out of small concrete blocks. These foundations are designed not only to withstand the weight of the building, but rather to create a rigid frame for the entire structure. Rigidity of the tape foundation is provided by pouring in the reinforcement monolith, and columnar by creating a monolithic grillage. If a prefabricated foundation type is chosen for construction, it is necessary to ensure a very reliable and strong fastening of the frame to the lower strapping.
framework installation technique Most often, when building frame houses use a wooden frame. Metal structures are much easier, but they will cost no less than 40% more expensive, which reduces their popularity. After all, the philosophy of frame housing is based on the maximum reduction in the cost of construction. The erection of the wooden frame is made of a bar with a cross-section of 150 mm, which is connected to each other without gaps by the "spike-groove" method. Often, corners, screws and nails are used for fixing, although this is not very appreciated by experienced specialists, since it provokes the appearance of putrefactive processes in the wood at places. This causes the gradual loosening of the frame elements, which leads to a decrease in the reliability of the building. Instead of metal fasteners, wooden nails can be used, which are devoid of the drawbacks listed above.
Framework for a house with
To make the frame rigid enough, all racks must be unfastened with braces. If they are not used, then under the influence of external loads, the entire structure may collapse. According to the rules of frame house construction, when constructing a wooden frame, at least 2 braces per wall must be used of the same material as the racks themselves. At the top, the posts are tied with a bundle of timber of the same cross-section.
From the outside, the frame is trimmed with edging boards that nail better at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees. This will further add rigidity to the structure. For this purpose, it is good to use a grooved board with a width of 60 mm or a conventional lining. It is worth remembering that under the influence of weather factors, wood is prone to swelling. Therefore, the boards do not need to be nailed very much, otherwise they will crack afterwards.
Floor structure for frame house
Before starting the construction of the frame, it is required to make a bundle of quality bar with a cross-section of 150 mm on the foundation. Under it put a roofing material, and the wood itself is treated with an antiseptic so that it can not absorb moisture. To the foundation the beam is fastened with anchors every 2 meters. The angles are displayed with the help of a building level and a rope, which is stretched diagonally. With a correctly assembled strapping, the diagonals must be equal. The skew should not be more than 10 mm.
It is important that all structural elements of the carcass, walls and floor are made of the same grade of wood. Otherwise, their deformation may occur due to a different expansion coefficient. Are not exceptions and lags under the rough floor. They are put at a distance of 1 m from each other and fastened to the bar of the harness with a "spike" connection. If the foundation is low, then as a heater under the floor you can use expanded clay, which should be buried between the lag to the very top. If this is not practical, then under the logs you need to sew boards, on which to lay the waterproofing membrane and lay the heater. As a material for the rough floor, it is possible to use an unedged block with a visually inspected thickness of at least 40 mm. It should be laid with gaps, the width of which is not more than ½ the width of the board. On top put the floorboard or sheathe the floor with sheet material for the further use of the finish flooring.
Building of walls for frame house
Make walls from identical on height boards. Their length should coincide with the height of the ceilings that you wish to create. The optimal solution is 260 cm. If the ceilings are higher, the room will seem more comfortable and there will be more air in it. With a wall height of less than 140 cm, there will be a feeling of overhanging the ceiling, which will create discomfort. Therefore, when using the second floor, the reception of skewed ceilings is often used, which eliminates the need to make them too low. The slope of such ceilings will coincide with the slope of the roof.
Prefabricated house frame for wall mounting
Each wall section must consider the permissible load on the frame. For greater rigidity, additional reinforcement ribs are mounted between the frame members at a distance of no more than 60 cm from each other. The boards can be nailed, both vertically and horizontally, and even better diagonally. Instead of boards for making walls, it is good to use OSB slabs. They will significantly accelerate the construction of the house and are more convenient to install. An excellent solution is to create walls from sandwich panels. In this case, the internal insulation of the insulation will no longer be necessary.
From the outside, the frame house can be finished with any facade material. A good solution is a siding or a block of houses. These materials can be attached directly to the material of the walls.
Installation of windows and doors, interior trim
It should be noted that even at the stage of the construction of the frame you have to clearly imagine where the window and doorways will be. This is due to the fact that the frame has vertical posts that serve as an excellent base for windows and doors. The openings should be located in the space between them. As for the size of the windows, the standards indicate that they should occupy not more than 18 percent of the total area of the corresponding wall. For a summer house there will be enough single glazing, and for a full house it will be necessary to install windows with double or triple-glazed windows. Form the outlines of window and door openings when installing the frame to the walls.
As for the interior finishing of the frame house, the choice of material depends on the owner's preferences and capabilities. Most often used for this drywall, as it does not require complicated additional finishing and is convenient in installation.
Construction of the roofing system and roof
Special differences in the process of the construction of the roof and truss system in frame houses from other types of buildings there. However, it must be taken into account that the frame house does not have such strong and reliable walls as other structures. For this reason, the rafters and roof elements should be light enough. The roofing system can be built from blocks of 100x50 mm. The rims are made solid or with gaps. It depends on the type of roofing, which can be practically anything from ondulin to metal roofing. It is not recommended to use only ordinary slate, which is somewhat heavy. However, its application is now very limited.
Roof pavings for the attic of the
When constructing the roof, in the case of an attic, it is required to make the insulation. To do this, a film of vapor barrier is beaten to the bottom of the rafter's feet with a stapler, and a OSB plate is attached over it. From the top between the rafters put a heater, which is covered with a waterproofing film. Only after this, the crate is erected and the roofing material is spread.
Useful advice for those who are ready to build a frame house
The construction of frame houses is always associated with various kinds of risks. The main one is the danger of dampness, which adversely affects the wood. Therefore, when choosing a site for construction, special attention should be paid to geological surveys and geodetic surveys. If you do not want to spend money on the services of specialists, then remember, at least, that a frame house should be built only on an elevated place. It must be dry and well drained. Groundwater should lie deep enough. Otherwise, it will be necessary to build an expensive drainage system.
It is not recommended to build such a house under ancient trees. Their root system can easily destroy any foundation, and the moisture dripping from the crown will create dampness, which together with a permanent shadow will cause the wooden structures to become unusable in a few years. Do not build frame houses in seismically dangerous regions. The reason is clear to everyone.
The main advantages of frame house construction are high construction speed and low cost. It is quite possible to build a house on this technology for the summer, because shrinkage is practically not required for frame walls. The cost of one square meter of housing built on frame technology, depending on the materials used and the region, varies from 300 to 500 cu. This is practically the lowest figure. The appearance of frame houses is absolutely no different from other buildings, because, thanks to the use of facade materials, all the elements of the frame of the house are disguised, which give out the technology of its construction.
Frame house can have a very attractive appearance with a fairly liberal price
It is worth noting that today there are many firms that install ready-made frame houses on a plot of land. The cost of such a house kits is not high, and the assembly time is only a few days. However, if you still want to build such a structure yourself, then there is nothing complicated in this. The main thing is that you at least have a little understanding of construction and know how to use the tool.
