Even the most luxurious apartment in a multi-storey city house can not be compared with a comfortable and functional country house or cottage, which were originally designed with all the wishes of the owners. The loggia, which had an urban dwelling, did not even come close to the veranda that could be built in the country. It is a resting place for all members of the family, fulfilling the role of a living room on warm summer days. In it, you can store workpieces and even arrange sleeping places for unexpected guests. The veranda can perform not only purely utilitarian functions, but also be the object of design.
Veranda can perform not only purely utilitarian functions, but also be the object of design.
What building materials will be needed to build a veranda in the country house
The veranda in the dacha can be built by hand with the house's end or near the front wall. Anyone who has at least a small construction experience can do it. For its construction you will need:
- Wooden logs for floor covering. Logs with a diameter of 15 - 20 cm or a bar with a section of 150x150 mm will suit.
- Plakhs for rough floors, thickness 35 - 40 mm.
- Wooden blocks for the frame and ceiling of the ceiling section 50x100 mm.
- Any roofing material. For the verandah attached to the house it is necessary to select the same material with which the roof of the house or dacha is closed.
- To erect a columnar foundation you will need: crushed stone, cement, sand and bricks.
- Nails, staples, screws, anchor bolts.
- A set of standard construction tools.
- Windows and doors made to order from wood or plastic.
Most of the veranda is attached to one of the walls of the house, so that you will only have to build three walls.
Most often, the veranda is attached to one of the walls of the house, so that only three walls will have to be built.
Constructional features and layout of the veranda
The veranda is not a separate structure, so most often it is built with the house. But there are cases when the construction of this object is carried out after the construction of the main object. Most often, the veranda is attached to the end of the building, where there is an entrance to the house or directly to the facade. A separate case of building a veranda is when the entrance to it is made only from a room. This design is used to create a winter garden.
All modern types of verandas can be divided into closed and open. In the first space, which is not occupied by walls, glazes as much as possible. In some cases, the area of the glass is larger than the area of all the walls. In the second type of verandas there are only small fences and parapets, and there are no walls at all. At the same time, the roof is supported by pillars and beams.
When designing a structure, you should always remember the rules of harmony. That is, the materials should be the same as that of the house, and the veranda in style should completely coincide with the style of the building. Its size should also match the size of the house. You can not combine siding and wood, or foam blocks with bricks. It looks very ugly. The width of the verandah should fit in sizes from 2.5 to 3.6 m, and in lengths from 4 to 7 m. This rule can be neglected, if the very design of the house is designed to have a large veranda. But it's more like a terrace.
You can build any structure in the form. Most often these are square or rectangular extensions to the house. There are verandas with rounded or oblique corners, six- and octagonal, replicating the outlines of a balcony or generally arranged around the whole house.
The veranda that surrounds the house on three sides.
Step-by-step instruction for constructing the veranda
Let's consider the technology and the order of construction of the simplest closed wooden veranda in the country. Foresee its location at one of the walls of the house, a columnar foundation and a simple shed roof. For its erection, too much money will not be required, nor will it be necessary to hire construction equipment.
Before starting construction, it is necessary to carefully draw a diagram of the future structure, trying not to miss important details. Under the scheme, we calculate the demand for materials. Mainly it is a bar, bars, boards and a roof covering. Since the veranda will be closed, it is worth taking care of ordering insulating glass. The main thing is to know in advance the planned dimensions, so that the opening for their installation is appropriate.
How to build columnar foundation for the veranda
Any construction starts with excavation and erection of the foundation. The veranda is no exception. First of all, the top layer of soil is removed from the entire territory where the veranda will be located. Then the site is marked with pegs and twine. Since it is easiest and cheaper to erect a columnar type of foundation, we determine the places where the columns will be erected. They must be present in all corners.
An example of a columnar foundation for a veranda.
Next, we perform the work in the following order:
- At a distance of 1.5 - 2 m, we dig holes under the poles to a depth of 1 m along the entire perimeter of the veranda, always starting from the corners.
- At the bottom of the resulting pits, we build gravel-sand cushions.
- We make waterproofing bitumen mastic or any other waterproofing material.
- We build formwork above pits with a height of 15 cm, after which we pour all the pits with concrete solution.
- On the resulting grounds, make a horizontal waterproofing( you can from roofing material) and build brick poles. They can be made of concrete blocks with high density.
The height of the posts should be less than the height of the floor in the main house by approximately 30 cm, since the roof of the veranda should fit under the roof overhang of the house. Posts need not be made of bricks. A good option - metal profiled pipes or wooden beams, filled at the bottom of the concrete. Only when they are built, special attention requires the accuracy of their installation. Pillars should be absolutely vertical.
Scheme of the veranda skeleton on a columnar foundation.
Mounting of the wooden frame of the veranda
For the construction of the veranda skeleton, wooden blocks are used. First of all, on the surface of the foundation pillars, a strap from a bar 150x150 mm is made. It mounts racks, which must be strictly vertical. They are attached to the strapping screws, nails, staples or with the help of large metal corners. Racks are mandatory installed on the corners, on all posts, as well as in those places where it is planned to make doors and windows.
Scheme for assembling the framework of the verandas from the
bars. On top of the posts, build the upper harness from the same bar. It will be mounted on the roof truss system. It is attached similarly to the lower strapping. One edge of each rafters is attached to a horizontal beam located below the roof slope of the house, and the other is fixed on vertical poles that adjoin the veranda wall. All the supports and the beam-run are fixed to the wall with anchor bolts.
Construction of the roof and floor for the veranda
Usually the roof for the verandah is made one-sloping and inclined. Since the veranda is attached to the house, the horizontal roof would be a "store" of snow in winter. It is best to choose the same roofing material, but if you come up with an interesting design move, then you can apply and completely different.
Scheme of roof truss system.
On the laid rafters, made of blocks 50x100 mm, cover the crate of unedged boards or bars. In the case where the roof is made of roll materials or soft bituminous shingles, a continuous sheathing of an edging wide board or plywood is required. The easiest way is to make a roof of yourself: roofing felt, slate, corrugated board, metal roofing, ondulin or soft tile.
To make a floor on the veranda, use a edging board, the thickness of which should be at least 30 mm. The board is laid on wooden logs of a bar of 150x150 mm. For economy, you can use vertically placed bars 50x150 mm. The logs are fastened to the lower strapping at a distance of 70 - 100 cm. The boards on the logs are fixed using self-tapping screws. Attention! All structural elements made of wood must be treated with antiseptic impregnations and painted with paint and varnish mixtures for outdoor work. It is necessary to ensure that the floor surface is sufficiently smooth and even. The floor is covered with a varnish, a paint or any suitable for external application a decorative covering.
How to install doors and windows
Before installing the windows, always install the window sills. They are installed at a height of 50 - 60 cm from the floor. In some projects, windows are made from the floor to the ceiling. In this case, they are installed on a bar fixed to the floor. Do not make the veranda completely without windows, because in this case it does not make any sense and is only suitable as a storage room. When installing ready-made double-glazed windows, it is necessary to take into account that it is better to purchase their sliding views. This will allow the summer to open all the windows and make the veranda open. In this case, no sashes will not interfere with the passage.
The window sills should be made of plaster with a thickness of at least 40 mm. Fasten them to the support frame racks. Part of the wall from the floor to the window sill can be sewn up with edging boards, wood shields, floor boards or any other suitable materials for this purpose. It is necessary to consider only that the weight of this material is small, in order to avoid excessive loading on the framework of the veranda. Wrap the veranda with edged boards overlapping, and lining the butt.
With seasonal use of the veranda in summer, only the exterior is sufficient. If it is planned to make this premise for all-the-year-round use, the walls are also lined on the inside, by laying in the gap between the finishing material a layer of some insulation and a vapor barrier film. In this case, it is required to use full double or triple glazed windows, and also to insulate the floor and ceiling. In addition, the interior decoration of the veranda also has a decorative function, because thanks to it the interior of this room is transformed so that it becomes indistinguishable from the interior of any room.
The front door to the veranda is often an additional door to the whole house. Therefore, it is worth taking a close look at her choice. It should be reliable and presentable. If the veranda is warm, then the requirements for thermal protection are also imposed on the door. You can install it anywhere in the veranda, but preferably, as close as possible to the entrance door to the house.
Correctly constructed verandah will delight its owners with the opportunity to relax in a sun-drenched room, protected from wind and rain.
