Factors to consider when building a house from blocks
Block building has not only advantages, but also disadvantages. This material has a low bending strength, so in order for the house of the blocks to be reliable, the foundation must be made according to all rules and GOSTs. It is also necessary to cover the walls of the blocks with a layer of environmentally friendly finishing materials.
Please note! One of the advantages of the blocks is the ability to pass in the right amount of air and moisture, therefore, as an auxiliary building material and finishing in the final stage of construction, use only natural breathing, for example, gypsum compositions.
When building a house of block materials, it is necessary to take into account the factors that directly affect the quality of the building:
- Choosing the foundation technology
- Choosing the block size for the construction of the
- Calculating the amount of materials
Choosing the foundation technology
In modern construction, there are several types of foundations:
- pile;
- ribbon;
- monolithic.
The choice of the type of foundation depends on what characteristics the soil on which the construction will be constructed and the type of blocks possesses. The easiest way to consult with neighbors is to find out what type of foundation is used in the area. So you can avoid mistakes due to individual territorial features, which are difficult to assess on the sly. The experience of previous generations of builders will play into your hands, you in practice will be able to assess the pros and cons of the chosen type of construction.
If you only trust yourself, you will have to evaluate a number of factors affecting the choice of the type of foundation:
- type of soil;
- proximity of groundwater;
- possibility of seismic changes;
- presence of slopes and unevennesses;
- desire to acquire a basement;
- depth of soil freezing;
- the expected height and weight of the building.
The pile foundation is suitable for those who are in a hurry with construction( this is the only type that does not need to be defended within a year).Tape foundation is inexpensive and convenient, but suitable only for good soils with a deep groundwater table. The foundation in the form of a monolithic concrete slab is a win-win, it will ensure the reliability of the building in any conditions, but to create it you will have to empty the purse and use special equipment.
In construction with the help of blocks there is one obligatory condition - the foundation must be reinforced. This requirement must be observed in order to avoid the bending of concrete blocks. The height of the base of the reinforcement should be at least 40 cm.
The choice of the size of the blocks for the construction of the
The blocks are manufactured according to standard sizes, and in most cases, their purpose varies. What type of material is most common is shown in the table.
It is worth noting that the first type, 200x300x600 mm, is the most common, due to its versatility. The fact is that by putting such a "brick" on the edge, you can get building materials for the construction of the walls of the summer house, walls with insulation of a residential house or bearing partitions. Put it flat, get the material for the construction of load-bearing partitions and street walls that do not require warming.
Blocks of 200x400x600 mm size have their advantages. They allow to build a wall 40 cm thick in one layer, which does not require not only thermal insulation, but also sound insulation.
100h300h600 mm are used for the construction of load-bearing partitions, are light, do not take up much space.
Calculating the number of
materials required in construction The calculation of the required number of blocks for building a house is not such a difficult task. To do this, calculate the total area of the walls of the future building without taking into account the windows and doorways. Then divide the resulting digit by the side area of one block.
To calculate the total amount of block materials that will be used in construction, it is necessary to multiply the resulting area of walls by the projected thickness of the walls of the house.
Please note! The thickness of the mortar is not taken into account, because in the construction of blocks, a special glue is used in most cases, and it is placed in a very thin layer.
The consumption of the adhesive is usually indicated on the packaging, and it is not difficult to calculate the required number of bags.
If you plan to use a standard mortar solution or combine it with glue, you need to take into account the seams. The average thickness of the seam is 2 cm. Well, of course, as in any other case, you need to take into account a small safety stock.
What will be needed to build a house from the
units. Despite the fact that construction is not a matter of one day, and hurrying up with it will be more expensive, everything necessary to carry out the work should be prepared in advance. This applies to both materials and tools. You will need:
- Building Blocks
- Cement and Sand and / or Adhesive Composition
- Armature
- Shovels, Trowels
Do not let a common mistake beginners: buy blocks at the initial stage of construction, and after buy. Materials from different lots can differ from each other in size, density and shape due to human factor and equipment wear at the factory.
Please note! If breakdowns of purchases can not be avoided, purchase blocks from one manufacturer. In this scenario, the run-up of characteristics should be minimal.
Step-by-step instruction for building a house from blocks
Consider the sequence of actions that need to be taken to build a house of blocks, provided that the foundation is already ready and the necessary period of time has been set.
Step 1. Preparatory work for
It is necessary to audit the socle of the foundation corners for their height. If the height of the corners is the same, then the clutch can be started from any place. If the level is different, then the masonry should be started from the highest angle. In order to compensate for the difference in height, cement or other adhesives can be used. Before the first layer of masonry, it is necessary to make a thorough waterproofing. For these purposes, several layers of ruberoid are traditionally used.
Step 2. Laying of the first row
Installation of the first row of the house in block construction starts at the corners. In each corner, blocks are installed, which are aligned with the level. This process is of particular importance, since it ensures the smoothness of all subsequent layers of masonry. Then a thin thread is stretched between the corner block elements, with the orientation to which the building blocks are mounted. In the first masonry it is better to use not a pure cement mortar, but special adhesive mortars. The roughness of the masonry can be removed using a plane for drywall.
Step 3. Reinforcement of the
masonry Once the first row has been laid, it should be reinforced in one or two rows. The process of reinforcement is carried out by laying in the prefabricated shtroby reinforcement. Shtroby can be cut with a shtroboreza or Bulgarian with a special circle. The distance from the edge of the masonry to the strobes should be 6 cm. In the prepared groove it is necessary to lay the reinforcement and fill it with the adhesive solution. Also in block construction it is customary to reinforce window and door openings.
Step 4. Laying the subsequent rows of
The remaining rows of masonry are carried out according to the principle of the first. First, the blocks are laid on the corners of the masonry, and then all the others with orientation to the stretched rope. If necessary, you can lay an additional layer of masonry, thickening the wall. After the completion of the work on top of the resulting wall, it is necessary to impose a concrete-reinforcing cap to strengthen the structure.
Step 5. Assembling the ceiling and roof
After the installation of the walls and the installation of the concrete reinforcement belt is complete, it is possible to proceed with the roof overlap and installation. Overlapping can be of various types: wooden, concrete or monolithic, depending on the needs and capabilities of the host. The installation of the roof in block houses is no different from the same process in homes from other materials.
Now you can still find as ardent opponents of building a house of blocks( especially foam and gas), and supporters of these materials. However, they are actively used for several decades in the medium latitude, and if the construction is carried out according to the rules, there are no complaints about such houses.