- Clean and level the area under the structure. It is not necessary to deepen it due to the risk of flooding. The area is covered with large gravel to a height of 1 meter. Instead of rubble, you can partially use construction debris. Podsypka should lie around and compact naturally, as a rule, it takes a long time, at least one year. You can compact the rubble mechanically, rolling it with heavy equipment.
Site preparation for
- The surface of the rubble is leveled and concrete preparation is carried out. Make a removable formwork from the planks a little more than the size of the foundation and fill it with a thin layer of concrete, the concrete is leveled and left to set for a few days. After that, the slabs of insulation "Penoplex" or polystyrene foam 5-10 cm thick are placed on concrete preparation. Layers of geotextile are laid on the plates, fastening its strips with the help of hot air welding, overlapping should be at least 10 cm. Geotextile serves as preparation for waterproofing andprotects it from damage during the destruction of concrete preparation.
The process of laying the insulation plates
- The roll-up waterproofing is made of polymer diffusion film membranes. Their high waterproofing properties not only protect the foundation from the penetration of groundwater and capillary water, but also due to the vapor-permeable structure allow to remove moisture from the foundation itself. Film is rolled out on the prepared area, starting from its edge. It should be ensured that there are no creases and distortions. The film strips are welded together. To do this, use a building hair dryer or a special welding machine for a roll polymer waterproofing. Welding is performed in two parallel seams, leaving an air pocket between them - it is necessary to check the tightness of the welded seam. The ends of the pocket are brewed. The check is made as follows: pierce the film at the location of the air pocket and insert a needle from the compressor hose. Pump the seam with air and wait about 20 minutes. The seam must withstand this time without blowing.
- Over the roll-up waterproofing again lay geotextile, welding its seams. The geotextile is covered with a thick polyethylene film, the joints of the film are glued to a double-sided scotch. This multi-layered coating will ensure the slab of the foundation plate on the base and protects concrete from moisture penetration and point mechanical loads. Perform formwork. It can be made both from planks, and from non-removable insulation boards. On the outside of the formwork, it is necessary to place struts from a bar or boards to avoid deformation of the slab. When fastening the detachable formwork, it is necessary to use nails or screws, while positioning them so that the protruding part is directed outward. On the formwork it is necessary to note the level of pouring of concrete.
The process of laying the roll-up waterproofing of the foundation
- The reinforcement for the slab foundation on the swamp should be of increased strength. It is necessary to use a corrugated rod - it provides a strong adhesion of the mortar to the reinforcing mesh. The diameter of the reinforcing bar is 12-16 mm, the amount of reinforcement can be calculated by the method. The reinforcing bar is cut to the size of the foundation and laid on the plastic guide in the form of a grid with a pitch of 15 cm. The binding of the reinforcement is made with the help of a hook and a special wire, and considering the large amount of work, it is better to buy a semi-automatic hook.
The process of laying the reinforcement for the slab foundation on the
- swamp. The casting must be done at a time to avoid joints - in places of seams, deformations of the foundation usually occur. Therefore, it is better not to save at this stage, and ready to order concrete. Pour concrete through the use of special equipment. Filled in the formwork of concrete "punch" deep vibrator - remove air bubbles, which can later create shells and weak points. After the deep vibrator, the concrete is additionally treated with a vibrating rocker - this will help to make its surface perfectly even.
Pouring the foundation with concrete is best done in 1 time.
- The hardening of concrete lasts at least 28 days - this is how much time concrete gets strength and ripens. To evenly dry it, the surface of the foundation is recommended to cover with a film or covering material. Determine the availability of the foundation can be with a polyethylene film: leave a part of the foundation under the film for several hours and check it for lack of condensation. If there are no drops, the moisture from the foundation has evaporated, and he is ready for further work.
- After the maturation of concrete, the foundation must be protected from the top and sides of the impact of moisture, because the freezing of concrete is more likely when it is moistened. For this purpose, a lubricating waterproofing is used. Since the surface of the foundation plays the role of the floor of the first floor, it is better to choose a mastic for coating waterproofing on a polymer basis - it has a less sharp odor. Before applying the waterproofing, the concrete surface is cleaned of dust, sealed with shells, chamfered from sharp corners and treated with a primer that improves adhesion in one or two layers. After the primer is soaked, the mastic is applied with a wide brush or roller, the number of layers is from one to three. The side surfaces of the basement are also insulated with extruded polystyrene or Penoplex plates, fixing them to a special glue. This measure not only protects the foundation from freezing, but also serves as a mechanical protection of the waterproofing layer.
Process of insulation and waterproofing of the foundation
Hello everyone, today we will analyze the construction of the foundation in the swamp with our own hands.
Marshlands and peat bogs are one of the most difficult types of soil for the construction of houses. Wetlands are oversaturated with moisture, in addition, because of the presence of fine particles, they tend to form unstable floes. In winter, marshy soils are prone to frost whipping, and in spring, with rising groundwater levels, erosion. A hard layer of soil can lie at a considerable depth, which makes it impossible to use pile technology.
Construction of the foundation on the swamp
It is difficult to build a foundation in the swamp, but it is possible. For a swampy terrain, there is a so-called floating foundation - a monolithic slab. Due to the integral construction of such a foundation, there is no partial shift of the house parts, which excludes distortions and destruction of the walls. With horizontal movements of the soil, the slab foundation "floats" with it, preserving the integrity of the structure. To reduce the impact of closely located groundwater foundation is arranged on the mound of crushed stone.
Technology of erecting a slab foundation on the mound
A "floating" foundation on a swamp is suitable for terrain with any depth of an unstable layer, but its implementation requires significant financial costs. If the depth of bogging does not exceed two meters, and below the swamp there is a stable ground, and this is confirmed by geodetic surveys, it is possible to build a foundation on drilling piles by analogy with a foundation on a maelstrom. The piles are then buried below the freezing depth and unstable swampy grounds and are firmly fixed in the solid layer. To reduce their horizontal movements over the piles, a screed - grillage is performed.
