For the sewage system in suburban private buildings, various systems are used. One of the most effective and common is the system called the "septic tank".Despite of certain difficulties in its installation, it is quite possible to install a septic tank with one's own hands. This model of septic tank has undeniable advantages, and is very popular among summer residents.
Advantages of a septic tank
- all elements of the system are located underground. Taking into account its absolute tightness, such a system practically does not spread smells and does not occupy much useful area;
- cleaning of the septic tank is carried out not more often than once a year;
- the ability to select the appropriate volume of the tank( reservoir);
- ecological cleanliness of the system;
- high cleaning performance.
For correct assembly of the system it is necessary to understand the principle of its operation. After all, any work must be done meaningfully. Therefore, first briefly on how the septic tank functions.
Principle of operation septic tank
Typically, the system consists of two tanks( chambers).In the first there is a rough purification of sewage. This is achieved through the fermentation process, which results in the splitting of waste into organic matter and inorganic constituents. Particles of the latter in the form of sediment fall to the bottom of the container.
The first and second containers are connected to each other in the middle part. The water, which has already been purged, falls through the inner channels into the second chamber. There the process of splitting continues.
The last element of the septic tank is the infiltrator. The contents of the biofilter enter it for final cleaning of the water. The infiltrator is a tank without a bottom, so all water entering it enters the soil( through a layer of crushed stone), where the cleaning process is completed. Why do I need an infiltrator? It can hold large enough volumes of water inside( a high discharge of runoff), which will gradually all go to the soil.
It is necessary to know that there are several models of a septic tank, so when choosing the best option, you need to focus on the number of people living in this building.
installation scheme septic tank
Models septic tank
The first model - if the house is constantly live no more than three people. It is the model of the septic tank 1 that has found wide application in the suburban areas. A day clears about 600 liters of sewage. Therefore, if no one lives permanently in the house( at the dacha), then the first model is quite suitable for a larger family. Especially if an infiltrator is used.
The fourth model , for example, is able to serve several houses at the same time. A day can pass up to 1800 liters of sewage. Therefore, the necessary equipment( model) is chosen based on specific conditions.
The list of works on the installation of the system
- selection of the place for the preparation of the pit. A pit for a septic tank should be located at the most accessible distance from the source of water( well, well);
- digging the pit. It should be noted that a sand cushion will be laid on its bottom. The recommended layer is within 5 cm. The depth of the pit should be such that the septic tank laid on the pillow is deepened into the ground to the level of the neck;
- installation of a septic tank. It should be set so that there is some free space between the hull and the walls of the pit. Therefore, the pit is done somewhat more than the size of the tank;
- filling the tank with earth. However, it is better to use a mixture of sand and cement for this. Pour "sprinkling" in portions. Each of them must be tightly tampered. It is recommended to fill the container in parallel with water, so as not to damage its walls during ramming;
- after the installation of the tank is completed, it is filled with water. It should be ensured that the water level is higher than the level of the backfill( water should be in the neck);
- the last stage is the warming of the hull of the tank. After this, the final filling of the tank with previously removed soil is carried out.
If the installation of an infiltrator is envisaged, you should familiarize yourself with the method of its installation, since this is a separate conversation.
