In any type of modern construction of buildings with more than one floor, special attention is paid to such a process as the reinforcement of the slab.
To date, more than a wide selection of different materials, as well as equipment and tools for so-called individual construction is available.
Contents:
- Finished boards or solid
- Design features
- Reinforcement technology
- Reinforcement rules
Finished boards or solid
When calculating the upcoming assembly works and choosing the technology of erecting floors, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors.
It should be noted that the creation of a single monolithic slab, corresponding to the requirements of existing SNIP, is characterized by undeniable advantages, namely:
- simplicity of installation of the entire structure;
- relatively small cost;
- increased strength and ability to withstand loads exceeding those for which the calculation was made.
The main feature is that the correctly executed reinforcement of a monolithic slab plate ensures an even distribution of loads on all walls of the building.
If you are talking about hollow plates, you need to focus on the fact that the reinforcement providing rigidity is located at the bottom.
Another undeniable advantage of the described overlap is the possibility of creating it of any size and shape.
This can be seen by looking at photos of buildings already erected. It is often difficult to find ready-made plates.
Before starting the installation work and the reinforcement itself, it is necessary to make a full calculation and make the corresponding drawing, taking into account the following factors:
- thickness of the overlap;
- overall dimensions of the plate;
- characteristics of the armo-pile( grid pitch, availability, and location of amplifications, etc.).
Do not forget that all these parameters clearly establishes modern building codes and rules( SNIP).
Design features
All without exception reinforced concrete products combine the characteristics of concrete and metal.
This applies both to the monolithic, created directly on the object, and to the ready-made hollow core plate.
For its part, solid concrete withstands compressive forces, while reinforcement takes on tensile loads.
Any overlap will work for a break. This fact is taken into account when manufacturing it. Monolithic technology implies the creation of two mesh armopoias - the upper and lower.
Calculation of the pitch and thickness of the rods themselves is made by specialists, based on the requirements of the current SNIP.
In most cases, the reinforcement is fixed with a knitting wire, but ready-made welded meshes can also be used.
Special attention should be paid to the fact that the rods must necessarily be inseparable.
Photo:
In situations where it is required to connect individual segments, the overlap of the reinforcement must be at least 40 * d( in this case, d is the diameter of the rod).
It is recommended to use reinforcement made of "A3" steel of hot-rolled type with a diameter of 8-14 mm in the arched convolutions of floors. Specific parameters must contain a drawing.
In most photos of living spaces, you can see that the thickness of monolithic ceilings with a span of no more than six meters is about 20 cm.
This is the value recommended in such cases. At the same time, the cell size of the armopoyas should be 200x200 mm. The rods of the bottom grid have a diameter of 12 mm, and the top - 8 mm.
Reinforcement technology
In any type of construction, the most likely, the popular product of reinforced concrete is the slab.
The basis of this design, regardless of the technology of its production, is iron reinforcement.
Taking into account the area and potential loads, all technological parameters are calculated in accordance with the SNIP.
Detailed scheme for reinforcing the slab shall be displayed in the technical documentation containing the drawings.
Reinforcement of floor slabs constructed using monolithic technology is characterized by the following features:
- No need for special construction equipment. This is, in particular, about cranes;
- Ability to mount floors of any shape and overall dimensions;
- Increased strength of the structure to be mounted, capable of withstanding almost any external influences. For example, a monolithic plate can withstand an exposure to a flame for more than an hour.
Rules for reinforcement
Calculation and subsequent reinforcement is always carried out according to certain rules and must fully meet all requirements.
These include:
- In the presence of spans of more than 8 meters, a so-called strained mesh of reinforcing bar bars of increased strength is used;
- In the welded structure, rods with a diameter of 8-14 mm are used, with the distance between them not exceeding 60 cm;
- Calculation of the thickness of a monolithic slab in accordance with SNIP is made depending on its width according to the formula 1:30;
- If the plate is not thicker than 150 mm, then one grid will suffice for its armopoyas;
- For concreting, use liquid concrete, the mark of which must be at least 200, since other building materials can not guarantee the required strength of the erected floor;
- It is mandatory that the drawing and the diagram show the reinforcement reinforcement points. In this case it is a question of the transverse and longitudinal reinforcement of the entire reinforcement belt in the middle of the plate, and also in the places where it is in contact with the supports. Particular attention should be paid to the areas for which the maximum loads are expected;
- Self-assembly of metal frames is impossible unless qualified experts are made by qualified specialists in the standards specified in the building codes and regulations( SNIP);
- Additional reinforcement rods are installed, as a rule, around technological holes.
Stages of reinforcing
Wizards determine the most important stage in the installation of monolithic slabs is the installation of formwork.
Special attention should be given to the support posts, which must be fixed as stably as possible. It should be borne in mind that the transverse overlap has a large mass.
Video:
Illustrative examples of installation of the mentioned elements of the construction can be seen on the corresponding photos in the instructions. Loads can reach three hundred kilograms per square meter.
The next stage will be the construction of the most reinforcing belt itself, taking into account the SNIP and all the design features in each individual case.
Special supports are installed between the lower mesh and the formwork sheet, which make it possible to create a protective layer of concrete.
It should be noted that the reinforced concrete floor, made using monolithic technology, is fully exposed to the loads that the calculation provides, only after the concrete has not only completely dried up, but also will gain the required strength.
Most schemes provide such components of the frame, as:
- working top layer;
- rods that evenly distribute the load;
- pads - most often they are made of wire rod.
In practice, the circuits can differ significantly from each other.
It is for this reason that it is strongly recommended to seek the help of professionals capable of calculating potential loads that will subsequently have to withstand lateral overlap.
On the other hand, all reinforced concrete works in the same way and therefore their installation can be carried out in accordance with general principles and having read the necessary technical documentation backed up by certain photos.
Naturally, to carry out such work will need some building skills and equipment.
Basic loads on the slabs are initially carried out in a downward direction, and then evenly distributed over the entire surface.
Therefore, most of it assumes the lower reinforcement mesh. In view of this phenomenon, SNIPs impose stringent requirements for the installation of the supporting frame.
Modern technologies allow creating overlapping of any complexity, which are characterized by maximum strength, reliability, and fast installation.
