Electrical wiring in wooden houses with their own hands. Step by step

Wiring in a wooden house should be made taking into account all requirements and regulations

Wiring in a wooden house with his own hands: step by step guide

The main requirement for electricity supply of private homes, especially made of wood, is safety. Installation of external and internal electrical supply system must be carried out in compliance with all rules and regulations. Documents governing the conduct of wiring, electrical devices are Terms (PUE), Building Regulations - "Electrical devices" section, GOST and other regulations position.

Fulfilling the requirements of the rules and regulations may make installation wiring in the house with his own hands. Step by step method of work includes the following stages:

• providing a summary of electrical power supply and the implementation of the project;

Drafting supply of wooden houses is better left to professionals

• cable choice, electrical devices (sockets, switches), electrical appliances;
• implementation of the input power to the house, connecting the circuit breaker, connect metering device (meter), The electric board;
• internal wiring cable;
• installation of switches, sockets and lighting devices;
• Grounding system design, installation RCD (Residual current device);
• organization of preventive tests.

Preparation of the project power house

To proceed with the development of individual projects, must be received in the power supply utility (RES) specifications. They will be the basis for the work.

power scheme must take account of all electrical power consumed

Useful advice!All internal wiring cable turns should be performed only at an angle of 90 degrees.

Thereafter, the calculation of the maximum power consumption of all electrical appliances when they are turned on simultaneously. Determine the nominal load for opening (first downstream supply) machine.

Selection of the appropriate cable and electrical equipment

To properly perform the wiring harness in a private house with his own hands, avoiding complex special calculations, You can use the "Table of cable section corresponding to a load ratio" of electrical directory.

Table cable section ratio corresponding to a load

From the table it is selected cable section which will conform to electrical power for each individual group. Each unit comes with a description or a technical passport, which indicated consumption loads. Based on these data, choose the suitable cable. In order to determine the opening cross-section of the cable, must sum capacity of all available instruments.

The most popular for the wiring is copper cable NYM. It has the added insulation is strong enough and easy to handle. In the case of aluminum cable, keep in mind that it is vulnerable to bending and often breaks down when cutting.

A suitable cable is selected based on the power consumption of electrical appliances

To the outlet is supplied with three-core wire groundTo ensure the safety of domestic electrical equipment. Lighting, according to the rules of electrical devices also need his arrangement, but many neglect this norm. If in a private house used for area lighting yard area and a powerful searchlight, the organization of the ground - a prerequisite. This rule also applies to those who choose to perform their own hands the wiring diagram in the country.

Sockets and switches are selected based on the estimated magnitude of the current form wiring (hidden or open), unit connectivity with sockets and switches under one frame.

Kit for arranging the electric wiring cables using corrugated PVC tube

Selecting the input cable and circuit breaker on the input

Having calculated the nominal load all intended for installation appliances, determine the opening cross section of the cable. For those occasions when you are upgrading wiring including replacement of internal wires and machines with more powerful, do not forget about the cable at the input. It may happen that his section would not be enough for too much power - it can cause a fire. Therefore, you must contact the appropriate organization to replace the lead-in cable. This can be done during installation of the device and its sealing accounting.

Construction of the electrical panel in a wooden house

As for opening the machine, when the three-phase power supply using a three-pole circuit breaker. If the single-phase power, which is found in 90% of cases, used single or double pole circuit breaker, breaking off phase and neutral.

Useful advice!Introductory breaker selected with par value, so it does not turn off the power at maximum load at home, and broke the circuit to prevent short circuits.

Introductory circuit breaker must maintain the power house at maximum load

• the ratio of the short-circuit current to the rated current value determines the characteristic of the circuit breaker. Recommended for automatic installation in the building - with the characteristic switch S. Such automatic works well in networks with a mixed load.

According to the wiring diagram set automatic opening after allowing the device in a private house with his own hands. Circuit-breakers for united into one group of devices, metering devices, opening the circuit breaker and the RCD is mounted in the switchboard on a special metal profiles (DIN-rail). Next, make the wiring diagram of a wiring in a private home.

Driving RCD connection

Wiring in a wooden house with his own hands: installation

Wiring begin as soon as all the necessary devices will be purchased: cable, sockets, switches, machines, lighting.

According to the existing circuit mount junction boxes, sockets fixed point of attachment, switches and lighting devices. If the room all the walls are sutured finishing material, cables in a metal sleeve.

Cable channels for arranging an open layout you can choose the color of finishing the interior

Lead-in cable to have in the room can be by air or by land. It should be noted that the air method is less expensive, but it's not reliable. In such cases, use self-supporting insulated wire (SIW). When the process air input prerequisite is the installation in the wall of the fireproof sleeve, through which will be introduced.

Underground wire is laid under the ground in a metal tube that protects it from any kind of impacts. This cabling must be agreed with the distributing utilities.

Input Options electric cable in the house

Device wiring in wooden houses: the rules of the internal cable laying

If the project provides an open layout, it should be noted several ways to mount:

• ceramic rollers for open wiring - this method is suitable for laying wire on the wall of the timber. Appropriate to be in the retro interior;
• metallotruby - this method of housing construction protects against fire. The pipes should be filled wire is not more than 40%. It is recommended to use the copper wire, which is easy to bend;

Steel corrugated pipe is used to secure the wiring electric cable

• Cable channels made of plastic - channels are attached to the wall, you can pick up the plastic channels in different colors to match the decoration of the walls;
• plinth a special channel (gutter) - with this method in the channels plinth installed clips for attaching wire;
• mounting brackets - matched plastic bracket on the size of the wire cross-section. This method is most commonly used for wiring in economic and technical areas due to unattractive appearance.

Useful advice!All electrical wiring passes from room to room through the wall must settle fireproof metal sleeve through which the cable is pulled.

In some cases, the cable is routed under the floor of the boards, using metal pipes.

The circuit arrangement of open wiring for cable channels

Installation steps can be seen in various photos of wiring in a wooden house.

For connecting wires

the rules provided wire connection inside the back box. Boxes are installed in places where there are outlets from the main cable. Wires connect such methods:

• compound can be made via cleat terminals (Wago). In this method, enough to remove 10 mm of insulation from the wires. The terminals selected according to the size of the section of the wire together with the insulating coating;

The circuit wiring connections in the junction box beneath the outlet

When connecting wires need to consider the color of the insulation. Red, brown isolation - with a phase conductor, blue, white - neutral (zero), yellow, greenish - grounding wire.

The device grounding and installation of RCDs

Modern equipment home appliances can not do without electrical appliances, such as boiler, Washing machine, refrigerator and many others. The presence of electrical equipment with metal casing requires mandatory grounding device.

Construction of ground loop

To protect people from electric current leakage when the housing of electrical equipment, apply a residual current device (RCD). This device is mounted in the panel after the metering device. Based on the magnitude of rated current selected network parameters RCD, which is responsive to the slightest leakage current. The presence of such a device is particularly important for rooms with high humidity.

Related article:

Grounding in the country with their own hands. The circuit of electrodes.The circuit arrangement of the grounding elements and binding. earthing arrangements in private homes, the materials for circuit assembly.

The rated current for the RCD is taken higher than the current of the machine in this circuit. The value of leakage current is taken based on the type of room. Bathroom is the best choice RCD leakage current of 10 mA to 30 mA, other premises.

The elements of a switch and the scheme of their connection

Carrying Wiring test

Carrying out wiring tests are conducted using precision electrical measuring instruments specialists certified electrical laboratories. testing complex includes:

• visual inspection;
• metering the insulating resistance of the cable coating;
• prophylactic earth resistance measurement;
• check circuit breakers;

wiring tests are conducted by experts with the help of precision instruments

• checking zero-phase circuit;
• testing protective devices;
• check between components and circuit grounding.

Upon completion of the work issued a test report. Time spent testing devices and wiring guarantee to prevent breakdowns and accidents that can damage equipment, disable all the wiring and cause harm to human health.