How to calculate the stairs to the second floor: the main parameters

Accurate and competent calculation ensures ease of use and reliability of the ladder

How to calculate the stairs to the second floor: the main parameters for calculating

After installation the stairs to the second floor you will not have to find that it is too steep or narrow, for it is very hard or uncomfortable to climb down, you need to ask in advance how counting the stairs to the second floor. To do this, you must familiarize yourself with the types of ladders and their requirements.

Types of ladders

Some form of stairs to the second floor is selected based on the characteristics of the building structure, ladder-purpose, general style of the interior and the space available for its installation.

Types of ladders

Ladders are installed inside the house or apartment, there are simple - these include direct construction, and stairs with landings. Stairs in the houseThat contain several marches are right (clockwise rotation) and the left (counter-clockwise rotation). More complex designs - rotary and spiral staircases.

The main requirements for use of ladders are:

• comfort and safety when driving on the stairs;
• Steps should be located as close as possible to the entrance of building construction;
• Steps should be deployed steps to the entrance of the room where it is installed. If this is not possible for the entire structure, you need to deploy to the input of at least the first few stages;

Proper selection of the parameters of steps will ensure the safety and comfort of movement of the stairs

• Steps should occupy as little space of the room as possible, taking into account the security design;
• Fitting place ladder provided with additional lighting.

Useful advice!If the planned staircase will be in the guest room, a passage from the entrance to the staircase must be moved to the wall of the room, he should not cross the room diagonally.

The main elements of ladders

In order to calculate the ladder, you must navigate to the component parts of which it consists.

Marching L-shaped staircase with zabezhnymi steps

The main parts of the ladders are the following elements:

• a flight of stairs - the component that connects the two platforms and consists of the steps;
• kosour - bearing beam with triangular cutouts, which are mounted on top of stage. The ends of the fastening steps in this viewed in a side view;
• bowstring - bearing beam, which are inserted into the inner side of stage in special slots or grooves;
• tread - step horizontal surface;
• riser - the outer vertical side stage, the width of which is equal to the height of stages;

Useful advice!Stairs to design more light and had a fairly easy view, it is recommended not to use it risers.

Elements of ladder 1 - march; 2 - area; 3 - railing; 4 - load beam (kosour or string); 5 - Line-emergence; 6 - starting stage; 7 - output stage; 8 - tread; 9 - risers; 10 - reference tables; 11 - baluster

After reviewing the basic elements of ladders, you can safely proceed to the calculation of the stairs, not afraid to get lost in concepts and the names of its constituent parts.

The parameters for calculating stair systems

For those who have decided to independently calculate the stairs to the second floor, it is necessary to make the project. The project can be calculated design dimensions: the length and width of the stairs, the number of stages, the angle of inclination. Count the stairs must be consistent to avoid mistakes in the required quantities, as even minor flaws can lead to undesirable consequences in the operation Ladder system.

Basic parameters necessary for the calculation of the stairs

• the width of the stairway (March). The width of the stairs to the second floor depends on the intensity of its use. Regulations provided the flight of stairs minimum width of 100 cm, a maximum of 140 cm. With such a width of stairs is possible to move one or two people, as well as raising the overall furniture. However, the need for the broad stairs to the room and did not differ lack of space. Most often, in practice, there are stairs with a span of 70-90 cm. With this width is quite possible the free movement of human and climbing stairs small objects and things. The width of the march half-pace and more designs have to be the same along the entire length.

Useful advice! If the ladder has two or more spans sustainer disposed in the opposite direction between them should be a gap of at least 50 mm.

The recommended width of a flight of stairs for ease of movement

Calculation of stairs to the upper floor with a 90 and 180 degrees

Given that direct odnomarshevye design for installation require a sufficient amount of space in houses and in cottages use rotary design with pads or radiused steps. When calculating the ladder with a platform on the second floor rotated by 180 degrees or 90 Guide device rectangular or square straps from which the rotation is performed by the corresponding number degrees.

PHandy advice!When calculating stairways with landings should be guided by the fact that the length of the pad between marches should be more than 140 cm (two steps), and the width should correspond to the width of the stairwell.

When calculating the stairs to the next floor with a 90 zabezhnymi steps to take into account the fact that the rotation have three or more stages winder.

Swivel 180 degrees staircase with zabezhnymi steps - top view

Basic requirements of rotary designs:

• the width of the rotary stages with wide edge should be at least 40 cm, and in the middle - at least 20 cm;
• ladder turning radius is 30 cm;
• all stages of the march, including rotary, have steadily repeat the march line. This will ensure comfortable movement on the stairs.

In the calculations of stairs with rotary stages 180 and 90 degrees is taken into account that the width of the tread (step) in the narrowest part should be at least 14 cm. Then, the width of the winder level in the middle line area will be optimum for moving person, as it is along this line and will be carried by the rotary movement of the ladder.

Optimal levels of parameters

Features of the calculation of the stairs to the second floor with his hands: a spiral structure

The design of the helical (spiral) staircase is arranged circularly stage, one side of which is wider than the other. The main advantage of screw systems is significantly smaller area occupied by a ladder, as compared with analogs sustainer.

Related article:

Stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: beauty, elegance, ease of installation. Forms and types of metal skeletons. Railings of metal. Self-production of stairs.

To install the helical structure is sufficient area of ​​the circle centered on the anchor carrier rack.

Compared with the mid-flight designs, spiral staircase takes up less space

In calculating the spiral staircase should be noted that the radius of the circle on which it is located, will be a step length. If the length of the helical ladder is 100 cm, such a construction would take 1.5 times smaller space than straight sustainer structure with the same length steps.

The helical structures that consist entirely of rotary stages, stage width in the narrow and the wide portion is respectively 10 and 25 cm. The height of the sustainer is identical levels calculated ladder systems.

Example 3-D spiral staircase project

Calculation of "goose-step" staircase

Very compact ladders "goose-step" - so called because of the shape of steps, symmetrically arranged with respect to the course line and associated with the goose step. They are mainly installed in case when you want to significantly save space and have an angle of inclination of 45-65 degrees. For comfortable movement such ladders have wide tread surface is only half the length of step. The remainder of the stage is reduced to a minimum.

When calculating the stairs "goose step", when the design defined angle and the area it occupies space, consider the following parameters:

• the width of the tread at the place where the foot rests, to be about 30 cm. Sometimes they use and a smaller width in order to make the ladder of compact dimensions;

The compact ladder with steps "goose-step"

• the width of the narrow part stage can be determined on the basis of constructive solutions and of the material used for its production;
• clearance between the stages in a staircase is not closed;
• recommended height of steps 15 cm, although often it is increased to save the space occupied by the stairs. But do not make the height of the steps is too high - it will negatively affect the safety of the stairs of movement.

It should be noted that ladder "goose step" may be sustainer using stringers or withs and screw.

ladder diagram with steps "goose-step"

Design parameters railings, handrails and railings for stairways

Having defined the basic parameters staircase to the first floor to begin calculation of handrails and fences ladder. At this stage, the calculation should be defined:

• fence height (balusters);
• length and width of the handrail and the handrail;
• the height of the support pedestals (extreme balusters).

Recommended width handrail and the handrail 10 cm. Due to such a value to anyone would be comfortable to lean against them. The optimum height of the staircase handrail is 90 cm. In this case, balusters will have a height of about 80 cm. But here it is necessary to take into account the fact that the balusters are inserted into a groove, so the depth is taken into account in determining the height of the rack.

Recommended parameters arrangement guardrails

In calculating the height of the supporting pedestals it is considered a method of installation. If the supporting baluster is fixed on the stage, its height will be the same height all the balusters. If it is mounted in the floor, you should take into account the distance from the floor to the stage.

The length of the guardrails to the length of the entire flight of stairs. In some models of stair railings are found, a bit protruding beyond the march. Please find various photos of handrails for stairs.

Robust handrail - the key to the safe movement of a flight of stairs

Calculation of the stairs online calculator

Another way of calculating stair construction on the second floor is the calculation ladders online calculator. In a specially designated fields entered the requested data parameters ladder. Having resorted to the help of a calculator, you can make precise and correct any design calculations ladder: march, rotary, screw, combined.

How to calculate the stairs to the second floor of a calculator? To do this, you want to set it online the basic parameters:

• a ladder type structure;
• height and length of the doorway;
• number and depth of the steps;
• place the ladder installations - against the wall or in the middle of the room. If the construction is planned along the walls, the handrail and banister can be arranged only on one side;

Types of stair landings depending on the method of cutting into them fascia steps

• the number of marches in the proposed design - is determined by the area of ​​the premises;
• ceiling height and the area occupied by the future staircase - the data necessary to calculate the acceptable tilt angle design.

If all the original data is entered into the appropriate fields calculator correctly, you can be sure of the accuracy of the calculation and obtain the drawing output in color or black and white.

Useful advice! To use the calculator to get the correct calculation, all the measurements required of basic input parameters to make a tape.

The space under the stairs can arrange usefully

It should be noted that the basis of an online calculator program laid the technical standards and requirements of the guests to the ladder.

Making educated calculation of the stairs to the second floor, you can independently produce and install design, confident that it will meet all the required performance standards.