Petroleum bitumen, roofing (GOST) - a resinous mineral and organic matter, in which composition contains hydrocarbon components and nitrogen oxygen and metal connection. There are several types of bitumen, which are present in the natural environment (in liquid form in the oil, in the solid state - in the pitch and asphalt). Bitumen can be dissolved in organic substances such as benzene or carbon disulfide. Water does not have any effect on him, and causes only a repulsive reaction.
Materials based on bitumen is widely used in construction
Content
- 1 Processing bitumen feedstock
- 2 The properties and performance of bitumen
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3 Petroleum bitumens for construction, roofing (GOST)
- 3.1 Petroleum bitumens for construction
- 3.2 Petroleum bitumen roofing
- 4 The use of bitumen
- 5 Construction bitumen (video)
Processing bitumen feedstock
Bitumen production wells, mining or quarry means. Petroleum products in solid, liquid or viscous state are widely used in construction. Produced petroleum bitumen - construction, roofing and road construction, waterproofing. Also resinous substance used in the chemical and lacquer industry.
Roofing material with bitumen
Useful advice! The main parameters, which defines the scope of the bitumen in the solid state, are criteria viscosity, plasticity and brittleness of amorphous. For liquid substances - viscosity fraction and volatile oils.
The main type of raw material from which are made petroleum bitumens for construction, roofing, is oil. After fractional distillation and separation of its composition luminous substances such as gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, lubricants and other petroleum derivatives incidentally, heavy residues obtained from bituminous base material. The amount of product depends on the quality of the oil composition, which has a different consistency. Modern process for preparing bitumen based on the separation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation followed by oxidation or mixing of solid residues.
The oxidation process is to purge refinery residues to give the product a certain viscosity level. Oxygen, entering into contact with the sludge, the oxidation reaction promotes the passage of the bitumen and the formation of high molecular weight components therein. This technology allows you to receive a quality product. From it produced petroleum bitumen roofing, GOST which is specially developed for this material.
Solid bitumen is used in the production of asphalt
A second manufacturing process which is performed after distillation - mixing. After him, the output is compounded materials. The essence of this process lies in the fact that the substance is handled gudronovoe propane in a liquid form and mixed with oil distillates.
The properties and performance of bitumen
plasticity index It depends on the content of oily substances, the duration of exposure of mechanical loads and temperature. In petroleum bitumen roofing, GOST of plasticity indices determined by the ability of the material to stretch into a thin thread on the device, which is called duktilometr. The test is conducted at a temperature of zero and 25 ° C temperature. The thread length at break is a measure of the plasticity of the bitumen.
The viscosity of the material It reflects the structural and mechanical base material. This characteristic is a reflection of the composite structure and reactions to certain temperature. viscosity index is increased at low temperatures, and at high - falls. In the petroleum bitumen roofing, Standard Test Method Solid or viscous substances, is checked with a needle.
The process of mounting a bituminous coating on a roof
Its penetration depth of material at a certain load, temperature, and immersion time is fixed pentameter. The smaller depth of penetration, the above active component. The viscosity level of liquid materials is determined using a viscometer, when the analyte flows through the device hole for a certain period of time.
softening temperature It is defined on the device "ball and ring". research principle is that the bitumen sample is placed on the brass round hole of a certain diameter and gradually warmed up under uniform pressure metal ball until touching the lower bracket device. Standard softening temperature is in the range of from 20 to 95 ° C.
An additional feature of heat resistance is the temperature of bituminous material brittleness. This figure determined by the moment of occurrence of the first crack on material during simultaneous bending and cooling of the material.
Round bitumen can be used for arranging waterproofing wood floor
ignition point. When heated bitumen vapors are formed, which are in contact with an open flame to ignite. In a study on a special device time sunbathing vapor characterizes its degree of fire risk. Normal heating rate up to the time of ignition for solid or viscous substances is indicative of 200 ° C.
To determine the adhesive properties of the developed many technologies and devices. The most affordable is the visual method. To test does not require complex devices.
Useful advice!An important feature bituminous materials is their property to adhere to all surfaces of mineral or organic origin.
The bitumen adheres to the surface of the gravel and then boiled in water. If the film is left in the same position, the rate is estimated the highest rating on a scale after the completion of the experiment. Failing grade adhesiveness is placed in the case, if the film is not held on the subject in the process of boiling.
The device of the modern pavement is not without bitumen
Petroleum bitumens for construction, roofing (GOST)
Preparation of research results on the viscosity, ductility, softening point allows to determine the brand of products, which is characterized according to GOST follows.
Related article:
Roofing materials for the roof: the types and prices of modern coatings. Varieties coatings. Comparative characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Classification of materials for the construction of roofs.
Petroleum bitumens for construction
Standard are divided into three types, which have the BN. The abbreviation "ND" stands for "bitumen". After it followed the numbers - this is the softening point and the average value limits igolochnoy penetration.
| indicator | Standard for | testing method | ||
| BN 50/50 | BN 70/30 | BN 90/10 | ||
| OKP 02 5624 | OKP 02 5623 | OKP 02 5622 | ||
| The depth of needle penetration at 25 ° C, 0.1 mm | 41-60 | 21-40 | 5-20 | According to GOST 11501-78 |
| Softening point by ring and ball, ° C | 50-60 | 70-80 | 90-105 | According to GOST 11506-73 |
| Elongation at 25 ° C not less | 40 | 3,0 | 1,0 | According to GOST 11505-75 |
| Solubility,% not less | 99,5 | According to GOST 20739-75 | ||
| The weight change after heating,%; no more | 0,5 | According to GOST 18180-72 | ||
| Flash point, ° C, min | 230 | 240 | In accordance with GOST 4333-87 | |
| Water content | Traces | In accordance with GOST 2477-65 |
Petroleum bitumen roofing
Standard versions are designed to BNK. "BNK" - is bitumen roofing. Indicators of softening and viscosity are determined and assigned to the same manner.
| indicator | Standard for | testing method | ||
| BNK 40/180 | BNK 45/190 | BNK 90/30 | ||
| The depth of penetration of the needle, 0.1 mm at 25 ° C | 160-210 | 160-220 | 25-35 | GOST 11501 |
| Softening point by ring and ball, ° C | 37-44 | 40-50 | 80-95 | GOST 11506 |
| brittleness temperature, ° C, not higher | — | -10 | GOST 11507 | |
| The solubility in toluene or chloroform,% not less | 99,5 | GOST 20739 | ||
| The weight change after heating,%, no more than | 0,8 | 80,0 | 0,5 | GOST 18180 |
| The depth of penetration of the needle in the residue after heating,% of the initial value, at least | 60 | 70 | GOST 11501 | |
| Flash point, ° C, min | 240 | GOST 4333 | ||
| Water content,%, no more | Traces | GOST 2477 | ||
| Mass fraction of paraffin,%, not more | — | 5,0 | — | GOST 17789 |
| penetration index | 1.0 to 2.5 | — | GOST 954 |
In addition to the solid substance and viscous consistency exist bituminous materials which are in liquid state. At normal room temperature, they have a minor viscosity index. The construction purposes they are utilized in the cooled or warmed with respect to the state.
The use of bitumen
As the material for the construction of the bitumen is endowed with excellent adhesion and water-repellent properties. Its use allows you to create robust durable roofing materials, communications, waterproofed foundations and other types of structures. In order to properly identify the purpose of a particular type of bitumen, it is important to become familiar with its components and quality characteristics. The figures make it possible to choose and use bitumen as intended, because the bitumen may be a building, road or roof.
In addition, the bitumen can be used for other purposes. On its basis superprochnogo sealants are produced, which are used for sealing joints in the fields of airport and runway. Not without bitumen industrial and civil construction, as mastic, a part of which contain polymer-bitumen ingredients are used for finishing insulation work.
Bituminous waterproofing flat roof
This material is best suited for strengthening and sealing of openings in structures. Rubber-bitumen materials used for roofing mastic coating bezrulonnogo type. Bitumen of petroleum origin is indispensable for most types of roofing.
Useful advice! It is important to note, that the durability of the bituminous coating depends on the correct use of the material. Its brand and guests are required to comply with the objectives of the application in each case.
For example, a road bitumen can not fully replace the roof or building, or vice versa. The users always need to pay attention to it, despite the fact that visually bitumen of different grades is practically identical.
Petroleum bitumens for construction, roofing (GOST) have little or no shelf life, so they can last a very long time, providing protection and seal construction structures. Also bituminous surface can be simple, easy and not expensive to update and repair.
