Roofing materials for flat roofing selection and use

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Since the first days of the emergence and development of architectural and construction art in the history of mankind, there have appeared two trends in the arrangement of the roof for buildings and structures: a ramp-type volume and a flat horizontal one. And if flat roofs were originally spread mainly in the southern Mediterranean and Asian countries, then vertical slopes are in the countries of northern Europe and in Russia.

Roofing materials for flat roofing

Roofing materials for flat roofing

The explanation is quite simple and pragmatic: the roof should provide reliable waterproofing of the dwelling and withstand the load of precipitation accumulating on it. In southern countries with a lot of sunny days, this problem is not so acute and there, usually, choose the least expensive option of flat roofing. In the northern countries, the pitched roof is a forced measure, albeit more expensive in the process of construction.

Flat roof: the main features of

In our country until recently, flat roofs have been designed only for industrial facilities or multi-storey apartment buildings, and in low-rise housing construction only traditional gable roofs, mansard or hip roofs were used. But the improvement of technologies and the construction materials market are not standing still, thanks to which there has recently been a clear trend towards the use of horizontal roof structures in individual housing development. This was especially evident after the removal of restrictions on the area and number of storeys of private housing construction, which determined the mandatory design of attic or attic rooms for their use in living quarters.

Nowadays, when creating a project of a private house or cottage, it is easy to provide a second residential floor and even a third floor instead of an attic, and on an additional formed horizontal roof area you can arrange a resting place, a playground for sports or fitness, a small greenhouse, yes, at least an observatory: to whomlike. All this contributes to the growth of the popularity of flat roofs in individual house-building, and modern technologies and building materials allow not only to simplify and reduce the cost of building a residential house, but also to provide it with considerable strength, reliability and durability.

The main advantage of a flat roof type is its simplicity and cheapness. If the cost of a pitched roof construction can be 20-25%, and in the case of complex, multifaceted configurations, and up to 50% of the total cost of construction, then investments in a flat structure will be mainly determined by the costs of strengthening and warming the top overlap, as well asmaterials and work to ensure waterproofing.

Constituent elements of a flat roof

Flat roof components

Types of flat roof roofing materials

Basically, two types of materials are used for the waterproofing of horizontal roofs:

  1. Roll-welded, used to create a coating that is glued to the roof surface by molten special bituminous resin burners.
    Flat roof waterproofing with roll materials

    Flat roof waterproofing with roll materials

  2. Mastic filling, creating a monolithic layer in the polymerization of liquid mastic applied to the roof surface.

In some cases, they can be used in combination with each other. To improve the aesthetic and operational properties of the protective layer, various decorative coatings, ceramic or paving slabs, artificial turf, etc. can be laid on top of it.

Of course, the inclined multifaceted and versatile roof can significantly decorate the structure, give it a unique individuality, but at the same timeThe same time the horizontal roof is more practical and functional. The increased load on the structure of the building in winter, due to the large mass of snow accumulating on it, is compensated by a significant reduction in the weight of the roof itself and the use of modern and durable materials and the latest construction technologies when building the walls of the building. Especially cleaning the flat roof from snow is a much less laborious process.

The main characteristics of flat roofing materials

The materials used for horizontal roofs should first of all ensure the quality of the waterproofing of the entire building - this is the main requirement for them, and the roofing material used to this end has been quite satisfactory for this purpose. But today the roofing materials are subject to increased requirements:

  1. EPDM membranes - elastomers made of synthetic rubber and polymer resins:
  • Firestone, 1.15 mm thick, in a roll 6.1 x 30 5 m, price 320 r./sq.m

TPO membranes - thermoplastics based on olefins and polypropylene:

  • TPO Roofing Systems, 1.15 mm, cost - 70 rubles / sq. m.m,
  1. Also PVC-membranes made of polyvinylchloride:
  • LogicRoof V-SR, 1.5 mm, reinforced, price - 56 rubles / sq. m.m.
Polymer-bitumen material for roofing

Polymer - bituminous roofing material

These roofing materials are more expensive than bitumen - polymer, but have greater resistance to weather conditions, strength, elasticity and, respectively, durability, which can reach 50 years. In addition, due to its smaller mass, approximately 1.3 kg / sq.m, they are produced in a much larger range of roll widths - from 0.9 to 9 m, which allows to optimally adjust this parameter to the width of the roof, with the smallest number of joints.

In contrast to the roll-bituminous "weldable roof", the technology of coating with polymer membranes does not require the use of open fire, which is unacceptable on roofs made of combustible building materials. Joints are made with hot air and adhesive tapes. There are also self-adhesive roofing membranes, which greatly simplifies the application of coating.

Mastic roofs

The main drawback of roll roofing materials, no matter what they are made of, is the inevitable presence of seams in the junctions. In addition to the appearance of noticeable irregularities on the surface, this is also a frequent cause of waterproofing and leakage violations as a result of exposure to weather phenomena.

In principle, the lack of this disadvantage is the seamless roofing of the roof with special mastics based on polymer resins of hot and cold application. Under the influence of air oxygen and moisture, a polymerization process takes place, creating a durable, waterproof, monolithic and durable coating. This technology was called the "bulk roof".

Mastic materials are perfect for flat roofing

Mastic materials perfectly suited for flat roofing

Here it is necessary to mention also a roof of "liquid rubber" on the basis of artificial rubber and binders from petroleum polymers. This coating applied by a roller, brush or spray and having excellent characteristics would be ideal in all respects, but its application hampers the need for very strict conditions for temperature and humidity of the ambient air, as well as for the humidity of the roof surface during work and during the processcuring the protective layer.

In addition to all the undoubted merits of mastic roofs, there is one more thing - simplicity and speed of application. Especially it concerns cold mastics, the layer of which is spread over the roof surface with a usual rigid brush or brush, without requiring preheating. There are mastic materials, bred not only by organic solvents, but even by water, however, their longevity is not so high, but the simplicity of the technological process allows to carry out work at least every year.

Bituminous mastic mbk-g hot 20L 560 p.
Bituminous mastic MBK-x cold 20L 815 р.
Mastic primer bituminous( finished) cold 20L 890 р.

Before applying such materials, the roof surface must be pre-treated with a primer or primer. This will significantly improve the durability and strength of the protective layer. In addition, an ideal result can be achieved by combining the technology of the welded and filler roofing.

Thermal insulation materials

A flat roof, unlike a volumetric one, does not create an additional air layer, which gives a thermal protection of the internal living quarters of the house. However, work on the hydroprotection of a flat roof can be preceded by the creation of an external heat-shielding layer based on modern materials such as:

  • mineral or stone wool,
  • polymer or extruded polystyrene foam,
    Styrofoam for roof insulation

    Styrofoam for roof insulation

  • foam concrete.

After laying the heat-protective layer, work is carried out on the roof waterproofing, and the use of additional internal thermal insulation of the premises in the form of suspended or stretched ceilings makes it possible to completely compensate for this lack of horizontal roofing.

Thermal insulation of a flat roof

Thermal insulation of flat roofing

Thus, the use of new high-quality materials and technologies in modern construction allows you to escape from the traditional design of roofs for low-rise housing construction, relying on alternative ideas and methods that help diversify the choice of individual solutions and options.

Video instruction - thermal insulation of flat roof( roof)

Concrete preparation proportions Caterpillar for giving without electricity
  • strength,
  • light weight,
  • thermal insulation,
  • soundproofing,
  • resistance to solar radiation,
  • frost and heat resistance,
  • biostability,
  • chemical protection,
  • fire resistance,
  • durability,
  • efficiency,
  • ease of operation.

And in this competition traditional roofing products based on paper, cardboard and bitumen are inferior to modern materials on all points.

Bituminous roll materials

Traditionally used roofing felt, roofing felt and parchment are widely used today, but their main disadvantage is short-lived, due to low resistance to frost, ultraviolet, bio and mechanical effects. This manifests itself in cracking and gradual layer-by-layer destruction, which necessitates repeated application of coatings every 10-15 years of operation for roofing material, and with the use of glassine or roofing - 5-10 years. Therefore, they gradually give way to new synthetic roll-bitumen roofing based on:

Tehnonikol - an excellent material for roofing

Technonikol - excellent material for the roof of the roof

  1. Fiberglass, fiberglass and modified bitumen, which have much better strength, durability and other performance characteristics.
    Steklobit XPP-3.0 fiberglass 45 rubles / sq. M.m
    Steklobit HPP-4.0 fiberglass 55 rubles / sq. m.m
    Steklomast TKP-4,5 fiberglass 70 rubles / sq. m.m
    Steklomast TPP-3,5 fiberglass 65 rubles / sq. m.m
    Steklomast TKP-4,0 fiberglass 60 rubles / sq. m.m
    Steklomast TPP-3,0 fiberglass 57 rubles / sq. m.m
    • As well as their analogs from different manufacturers: Linocom, Glass-Isolated, Filigiz, Bikroelast, Bireplast-Norma, Unicrom, Rubikrom, Bikrost, Rubemast, Hydrostekhizol, Rubestek.
  1. Bitumen-polymer roofing materials made of polypropylene or polyester:
  • Isoplastic EPG 3.0 and 4.0 , costing 120 and 140 r./k.m, respectively, used for the lower layer of the protective coating,
  • Isoplastic EKP 4.5 , Isoplastic EKP 5.0 - for the upper layer, price - 160 r./k.m,
  • Isoplastic EMF 5.5 - high density, with increased requirements for waterproofing, also used for reinforced concrete bases and foundations, price - 180 rubles per square meter.m,
  • and others, similar: M ostoplast, Elabit, Luberite .
  1. Aluminum Foil: Metal Insulation and Waterproof , used in hydro and thermal insulation of piping materials also found application in roofing.

The figures in the material names indicate, as a rule, the weight of 1 sq. M.m of material.

All these products allow to ensure a long life of the roof and a very high quality coating. As a rule, they are produced in rolls with a width of 1 m and a length of 10 m.

Video - waterproofing of flat roofing

Polymer membrane materials

The basis of this roof is plastic mesh reinforced materials:

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