Since the first days of the emergence and development of architectural and construction art in the history of mankind, there have appeared two trends in the arrangement of the roof for buildings and structures: a ramp-type volume and a flat horizontal one. And if flat roofs were originally spread mainly in the southern Mediterranean and Asian countries, then vertical slopes are in the countries of northern Europe and in Russia.
The explanation is quite simple and pragmatic: the roof should provide reliable waterproofing of the dwelling and withstand the load of precipitation accumulating on it. In southern countries with a lot of sunny days, this problem is not so acute and there, usually, choose the least expensive option of flat roofing. In the northern countries, the pitched roof is a forced measure, albeit more expensive in the process of construction.
Flat roof: the main features of
In our country until recently, flat roofs have been designed only for industrial facilities or multi-storey apartment buildings, and in low-rise housing construction only traditional gable roofs, mansard or hip roofs were used. But the improvement of technologies and the construction materials market are not standing still, thanks to which there has recently been a clear trend towards the use of horizontal roof structures in individual housing development. This was especially evident after the removal of restrictions on the area and number of storeys of private housing construction, which determined the mandatory design of attic or attic rooms for their use in living quarters.
Nowadays, when creating a project of a private house or cottage, it is easy to provide a second residential floor and even a third floor instead of an attic, and on an additional formed horizontal roof area you can arrange a resting place, a playground for sports or fitness, a small greenhouse, yes, at least an observatory: to whomlike. All this contributes to the growth of the popularity of flat roofs in individual house-building, and modern technologies and building materials allow not only to simplify and reduce the cost of building a residential house, but also to provide it with considerable strength, reliability and durability.
The main advantage of a flat roof type is its simplicity and cheapness. If the cost of a pitched roof construction can be 20-25%, and in the case of complex, multifaceted configurations, and up to 50% of the total cost of construction, then investments in a flat structure will be mainly determined by the costs of strengthening and warming the top overlap, as well asmaterials and work to ensure waterproofing.
Types of flat roof roofing materials
Basically, two types of materials are used for the waterproofing of horizontal roofs:
- Roll-welded, used to create a coating that is glued to the roof surface by molten special bituminous resin burners.
- Mastic filling, creating a monolithic layer in the polymerization of liquid mastic applied to the roof surface.
In some cases, they can be used in combination with each other. To improve the aesthetic and operational properties of the protective layer, various decorative coatings, ceramic or paving slabs, artificial turf, etc. can be laid on top of it.
Of course, the inclined multifaceted and versatile roof can significantly decorate the structure, give it a unique individuality, but at the same timeThe same time the horizontal roof is more practical and functional. The increased load on the structure of the building in winter, due to the large mass of snow accumulating on it, is compensated by a significant reduction in the weight of the roof itself and the use of modern and durable materials and the latest construction technologies when building the walls of the building. Especially cleaning the flat roof from snow is a much less laborious process.
The main characteristics of flat roofing materials
The materials used for horizontal roofs should first of all ensure the quality of the waterproofing of the entire building - this is the main requirement for them, and the roofing material used to this end has been quite satisfactory for this purpose. But today the roofing materials are subject to increased requirements:
Bituminous mastic mbk-g | hot | 20L | 560 p. |
Bituminous mastic MBK-x | cold | 20L | 815 р. |
Mastic primer bituminous( finished) | cold | 20L | 890 р. |
Before applying such materials, the roof surface must be pre-treated with a primer or primer. This will significantly improve the durability and strength of the protective layer. In addition, an ideal result can be achieved by combining the technology of the welded and filler roofing.
Thermal insulation materials
A flat roof, unlike a volumetric one, does not create an additional air layer, which gives a thermal protection of the internal living quarters of the house. However, work on the hydroprotection of a flat roof can be preceded by the creation of an external heat-shielding layer based on modern materials such as:
- mineral or stone wool,
- polymer or extruded polystyrene foam,
- foam concrete.
After laying the heat-protective layer, work is carried out on the roof waterproofing, and the use of additional internal thermal insulation of the premises in the form of suspended or stretched ceilings makes it possible to completely compensate for this lack of horizontal roofing.
Thus, the use of new high-quality materials and technologies in modern construction allows you to escape from the traditional design of roofs for low-rise housing construction, relying on alternative ideas and methods that help diversify the choice of individual solutions and options.
Video instruction - thermal insulation of flat roof( roof)
- strength,
- light weight,
- thermal insulation,
- soundproofing,
- resistance to solar radiation,
- frost and heat resistance,
- biostability,
- chemical protection,
- fire resistance,
- durability,
- efficiency,
- ease of operation.
And in this competition traditional roofing products based on paper, cardboard and bitumen are inferior to modern materials on all points.
Bituminous roll materials
Traditionally used roofing felt, roofing felt and parchment are widely used today, but their main disadvantage is short-lived, due to low resistance to frost, ultraviolet, bio and mechanical effects. This manifests itself in cracking and gradual layer-by-layer destruction, which necessitates repeated application of coatings every 10-15 years of operation for roofing material, and with the use of glassine or roofing - 5-10 years. Therefore, they gradually give way to new synthetic roll-bitumen roofing based on:
- Fiberglass, fiberglass and modified bitumen, which have much better strength, durability and other performance characteristics.
Steklobit XPP-3.0 fiberglass 45 rubles / sq. M.m Steklobit HPP-4.0 fiberglass 55 rubles / sq. m.m Steklomast TKP-4,5 fiberglass 70 rubles / sq. m.m Steklomast TPP-3,5 fiberglass 65 rubles / sq. m.m Steklomast TKP-4,0 fiberglass 60 rubles / sq. m.m Steklomast TPP-3,0 fiberglass 57 rubles / sq. m.m - As well as their analogs from different manufacturers: Linocom, Glass-Isolated, Filigiz, Bikroelast, Bireplast-Norma, Unicrom, Rubikrom, Bikrost, Rubemast, Hydrostekhizol, Rubestek.
- Bitumen-polymer roofing materials made of polypropylene or polyester:
- Isoplastic EPG 3.0 and 4.0 , costing 120 and 140 r./k.m, respectively, used for the lower layer of the protective coating,
- Isoplastic EKP 4.5 , Isoplastic EKP 5.0 - for the upper layer, price - 160 r./k.m,
- Isoplastic EMF 5.5 - high density, with increased requirements for waterproofing, also used for reinforced concrete bases and foundations, price - 180 rubles per square meter.m,
- and others, similar: M ostoplast, Elabit, Luberite .
- Aluminum Foil: Metal Insulation and Waterproof , used in hydro and thermal insulation of piping materials also found application in roofing.
The figures in the material names indicate, as a rule, the weight of 1 sq. M.m of material.
Video - waterproofing of flat roofing
Polymer membrane materials
The basis of this roof is plastic mesh reinforced materials: