Variants of a country house Heating: boiler choice

Correct boiler choice for the part of the house increase the efficiency and functionality of the heating system

Variants of a country house Heating: how to choose the boiler

How to choose the heating boiler of a private house? Individual building presupposes the existence of the project, which includes building Thermal calculation. Scheme, details and recommendations designers on arrangement of the heating system make the engineering part of the document. If there is no ready-made solution, the article provides the reader with the principle of self-selection of boiler equipment.

Power Generator should match the thermal load of the heated space. Deviations result in uneven heating of the radiators, excessive fuel consumption, and overheating of the coolant equipment failure.

When calculating the capacity of the boiler is necessary to consider the heat load of heated space

Formula for determining the capacity of the boiler:

W_cat = (S x W_beats)/10 (KW) where

W_cat - boiler output in kW;
S - the heated area, m²;
W_beats - power density of the climate zones 10 m² floor space, kW.

Table 1. The value of the specific power according to climatic zones:

Important! A simplified method of calculating the power (1 kW per 10 m² area) does not account for the climatic conditions of the terrain, height, materials and the degree of insulation of the house.

The efficiency of the heating system will depend on the quality of its calculation and mounting

Types of hot water heating systems

Water heating system is simple, reliable and economical: boiler generates, and the water flow through the secondary circuit transfers thermal energy to the living room. The volume of water in the heating system conventionally taken as 15 liters per 1 kilowatt of power boiler. Enlarged standards allow for filling the boiler and secondary circuits, the capacity of the radiators, risers, tubes wiring, heat exchangers, hydraulic separators, tanks and distribution comb-batteries heat.

Natural heat energy transfer takes place according to the laws of gravity. Forced circulation of coolant makes the process direction, predictable and manageable.

Water heating system - the most simple and reliable in operation

Heating homes to 100 square meters. m

Heating a small area houses not require the installation of pumping equipment - coolant movement comes naturally. The liquid passing through the heat exchanger of the boiler is heated. medium density decreases, and the volume increases and pushes the flow from the boiler to the main riser. The heated water rises, falls into the distribution manifold, then the heating devices. Transfers heat radiator housing, coolant cools, and its density increases. At the output of the radiators chilled water enters the return line and moves in the direction of the boiler.

The feeding and collecting pipes laid with a slope in the direction of flow (flow line to the heating devices, the return line to the boiler).

Radiant Floor Heating - a common way of heating private country house

Heating houses more than 100 square meters. m

Houses with an area greater than 100 m², Equipped with a forced circulation system of coolant. The power of the boiler and the pump depends on the heat load space, the total loss of heat quantity of the heating circuits and devices. Traditionally pumps mounted on the bypass return line on which the cooled coolant returns to the boiler. Additionally, pressurized hot water system in the long-distance and low-temperature heating circuits independent underfloor heating.

Circulating pumps for heating systems are selected to be compatible element with the nominal volume and pressure. Operating the pump characteristics specified in the data sheet should correspond to the calculated values.

The structure and the circulation pump apparatus

Pump Performance Calculation:

G ≅ Q / (ΔT x 1.16) (M / s l / s, m³/ Hour), where

G - circulation pump performance, m³/час;

Q - maximum power boiler according to certificate data, kW;

ΔT - temperature difference in the supply and return pipe of the heating system, ° C;

1.16 - a coefficient of water density, Wh / kg ℃.

The principle of operation of the circulation pump

Calculation of the circulating pump head:

H ≅ (R x L x Zƒ) / 1000 (M) wherein

H - the pressure of the circulation pump, m;

L - total length of the supply and return line, m;

R - the maximum resistance value in the straight sections (Pa / m to 0.015 pascal 1 meter);

Zƒ - product safety factors for local resistance, Pa: the resistance to ball valves, fittings and bends; in internal resistance inductors and thermostatic controllers; resistance in mixers and taps. If the heating system includes valves, fittings, thermostatic valves, mixers, then Zƒ = a x b x c.

Wiring of the circulation pump to the heating system

Modern technologies allow to automatically adjust the rotor speed. The pump is self-react to changes in operational peak load. Adapted model auxiliary heating heat generators equipped with a built-in boiler circuit circulation pump.

Stove heating with wood

Eco-friendly and non-volatile version of the hot-water heating from wood burning oven used successfully residents of some regions of Russia. The reasons for the organization of stove heating private homes without gas and electricity - the absence or remoteness of the pipeline, the high price of communications connections.

Heating of the furnace bricks are heavy, they are placed on a separate foundation. Spread the furnace refractory bricks. Inside the set coil of steel welded thickness of 3 ÷ 5 mm, which is connected to the water heating circuit. Sometimes boiler circuit inserted into an array of masonry, by screening high temperature zone.

The country house can be used with wood stove heating

The size, shape and position of the heat exchanger should provide the desired heating of the coolant. The coil is disposed in the body of masonry, allows to obtain at the output of heating sufficient for a low-temperature circuit underfloor (30 ÷ 60 ° C). General recommendations furnace device of bricks there. Experienced potters do the work according to their own calculations and drawings, keeping trade secrets in the strictest confidence. Cost of services of professional stove-makers (from 40 thousand rubles and above) depends on the region, the materials and construction of the hearth.

The advantage of the stone wood-burning heating stoves: individual choice of design and repair, available for self-fulfillment. Solid and heat of the material allows to accumulate thermal energy. Radiation of heat from the surface of the masonry is not terminated after the combustion of wood, which creates favorable conditions in the building. Wood burning stove is additionally used for cooking, heating water and domestic needs.

Wood-fired oven with Termofor cooktop surface

Lack of water heating operation of the furnace brick with wood: reducing coolant flow rate at cooling stone. Installation circulating pump improves heating efficiency, but makes the system dependent on the power supply.

Heating with solid fuel boilers

Factory model classic wood boilers classified as solid. Nonvolatile equipment made of iron or steel. Durable cast-iron units are composed of modular sections, which allows repair and replacement of parts. Steel model kept sharp pressure drops and temperatures. Disadvantages of classical solid fuel boilers: the need for frequent downloads of fuel and mechanical cleaning of the furnace, chimney, ash.

The best option for heating a country house - combi boiler (wood / electricity)

pyrolysis (Gas generating) features units while working on a laying up 10 hours 90% efficiency, complete combustion of fuel. However, stable burning conditions depend on the quality of wood (charcoal) and completeness of the combustion loading chamber. Adjustment and automation in the pyrolysis process is impossible, so the power unit is changed in stages from the beginning and end of the peak combustion.

Device long solid combustion boiler It is fundamentally different from the pyrolysis. Constructions with the vertical furnace, and a metered air supply is increased burning time.

A sectional view of a conventional coal-fired boiler (left) and long burning solid fuel boiler (right)

Ability to use any type of solid fuel and transition to an alternative way of heating increases the attractiveness of the combined models. aggregates modification allows, if necessary, be installed in the furnace gas burners and electric heaters. Manufacturer's recommendations indicated in the passport of the boiler facilitate installation of the unit, the installation of the chimney and the selection of additional equipment.

Especially in demand among buyers enjoy the model combination of heating boilers (wood / electricity). Price units represented by the same power for comparison in the overview table:

Domestic developments have been recognized in the category of consumer price-quality solid fuel boilers for heating private houses. Reviews that leave the owners of the equipment on the independent forums indicate the competitiveness of Russian brands.

Gas heating private houses

Statistics confirm that 2/3 of autonomous heating systems are a variant of the gas heating of a country house. Cheap justifies the high cost of fuel assemblies: gas enters the furnace automatically, constant monitoring is not necessary over the combustion process. Gas burner heat generator set, a built-in circulating pump, an expansion tank, a heat exchanger, a security system and a group of automation.
Consider the classification of the boilers on gas and give an example of the calculation of gas consumption for heating private houses.

Independent heating of a country house with the use of gaseous fuels

Power gas-fired boiler

A gas boiler is selected by the power unit. Standard condition - 1 kW boiler capacity of 10 square meters is met if the structural elements of the building are insulated, and the ceiling height is less than 3 meters. Dilapidated walling or installing the heat exchanger for hot water is the reason for selecting the heat generator with a reserve capacity.

Important! Asserted on the data sheet output unit corresponds regulatory pressure in the feed gas line (low pressure 0.003 MPa). In practice, the gas pressure is below contractual values, so the boiler capacity may differ substantially from that mentioned in the passport.

When choosing the gas boiler power take into account the rate of 1 kW at 10 kV. m

Number of circuits

Steel single-circuit heating units with a copper heat exchanger is used for heating small houses. Heating gas generators, equipped with automatic and is used for heating and low-temperature radiator circuit underfloor. To supplement the hot water system boiler and a circulation pump.

Combi boilers are used simultaneously for heating and hot water preparation. There are floor models double-circuit gas-fired boilers of cast iron, with integrated storage heater. Wall embodiment of lightweight construction, on the heater ring and instantaneous heaters, made of steel.

Turbofan gas fired boiler Vaillant

Combustion chamber type outdoor and indoor

Upcoming furnace take air for the combustion gas from the room in which the boiler is installed. The equipment should be located in a special furnace room, equipped with ventilation and a vertical chimney.

Gas boilers with sealed combustion chamber works by the forced air intake from outside. Passing combustion products discharge heats the fresh air portion and increases the efficiency of the heat generator.

Gas supply of private homes with gas generator and gazogeldera

Exhaust gas system

A classic method for removing exhaust gas - natural draft or forced through the chimney hood. The modern version - coaxial tube type of extractor in the pipe. Such a system for removing exhaust gas does not require installation of the classic chimney. The combustion products come out of the inner tube. The gap between the inner and outer jacket tubes sucked fresh air enriched with oxygen. External weather conditions do not affect the supply of air to the combustion chamber and exhaust gas outlet.

Important! Boilers, gas-fired attributed to explosion and fire units. generator installation regulations prescribed in the regulations relating to the individual boiler units. Compliance rules require personal safety considerations: the lack of oxygen, natural gas burns incompletely. The resulting carbon monoxide (CO ↑), is colorless and odorless. The presence of 1% of carbon monoxide in the air space is dangerous to human health and life. Leaking fuel and formation of an explosive gas mixture could lead to dire consequences.

Floor gas boiler is best mounted in a separate room

Gas consumption for heating houses 100 m2

Preliminary gas flow rate calculation is carried out to determine the economic viability of the generator and the feasibility of using other fuels. The estimated flow rate can be found in the technical passport of the boiler. Manufacturers need point-hour resource. The value is multiplied by 720 (the number of hours in the day and days of the month), then divide by 2 (the recommended correction capacity) and multiplied by 7 (average heating period).

In theory, economical operation of heat generator allows to generate 1 kW of heat energy from the combustion of 0.1 m³ gas. Hence, one cubic meter of burning gaseous fuel can be heated for one hour house area of ​​100 square meters. Daily gas flow 24 m³.

Related article:

Floor standing gas boilers for home heating. Selection of the optimal model.Advantages and types of gas equipment. Single and dual circuit units. The choice of boiler capacity. heating circuit.

Maximum price per cubic meter of gas for the population of 7 rubles 29 kopecks (Russia, Moscow, March 2016). The cost of fuel for heating an apartment house area of ​​100 m² is 175 rubles per day, or 5250 per month. If you consider that the regulatory duration of the heating season, depending on climate zone, and maximum load boiler is not constant, the annual gas bill exceeds 20000 rubles.

Daily consumption of gas for heating the home area of ​​100 sq. m is 24 cubic meters. m

In practice, the gas flow rate for the auxiliary heating is determined by the accounting unit. The amount of bills for natural gas during the heating season is comparable to the amount of central heating private house for a month! In the opinion of the owners of the autonomous heating system with a gas boiler, the cost of design, equipment and installation of the heating system pays off for 3 ÷ 5 years.

Useful advice! The feedback system (temperature sensors and programming) of the gas boiler will provide fuel savings of up to 20%.

Table 3. Models of gas boilers for heating private houses (the price):

electrical heating

Simple, fast and, at first glance, an inexpensive way to warm up a country house - installation of electric boiler. However, operating costs far exceed any existing heating system.

The main condition for the stable operation of electric heating - uninterrupted supply of sufficient power and electrical wiring. It is reasonable to use the combined embodiments of electric heating home country.

Wiring electric boiler heating system

Appearance resembles classic electric boiler water heat exchanger series-water: cylindrical shaped chamber within which are located the thermal electric heating elements. Generator operates from a household or three-phase network (220 V or 380 V). On the principle of heating distinguish electrode (TENovye) and induction models. Efficiency of electrical equipment - 90%. There are models of electric boilers and one bypass execution.

Table 4. Electric boilers for heating a country house (options and prices):

The question of what is best for heating private houses, each owner to decide. However, we must remember that economic viability is questionable newfangled trends and high-tech repair boilers in remote areas is problematic. Optimal variant combination units with a different fuel.