Dimensions slabs: especially the use of designs

Floor slabs are horizontally disposed panels mounted between floors. Used concrete slabs plates at a private building of cottages, for high-rise buildings, as well as for the construction of industrial buildings. Today you can buy almost any dimensions slabs, standard products but will cost much cheaper. The main condition for when buying - the right to choose the type and number of panels.

What are the concrete slabs: the price of the main product types

None of the construction is complete without the use of concrete floors, which help significantly accelerate the construction of buildings. Various sizes of reinforced concrete slabs used to separate the upper from the lower floor. The main task of goods - to provide a rigid structure of the building. All plates are different rectangular shape, made from different types of concrete, and additional panels provide rigidity metal mesh and reinforcing wire.

Due to the large selection of sizes and types of RC-slabs have a wide range of uses. Design applied to form the construction of the foundation and in order to separate from the upstream basement floors, as well as for registration of the attic. In some cases, concrete products serve as material for walls.

It is interesting! The use of plates not only speeds up the construction process, but also helps to ensure the stability of the building. ceiling panels are designed for different kinds of loads. They are considered proven and reliable elements, enhancing rigidity design.

Regardless of size, the plates are made of concrete, which provides the products ability to withstand large loads. In addition, the products are characterized by high fire properties, practically not exposed to moisture and temperature extremes. Basically boards are classified according to the peculiarities of manufacturing, because the solid and hollow panels differ not only in appearance and price but also on the technical characteristics. Mainly affect the prices of concrete slabs size and the type of concrete.

In the price often indicates not only the cost of a single plate, but the basic parameters, and specify how many plates can be delivered to the machine at a time. Price spread is quite large - from 350 to 10 thousand. rub., because both the rate is influenced by many factors.

Especially the production of concrete slabs volume of 2 m³ and structures of other sizes

Reinforced concrete is a material consisting of a mixture of concrete, reinforced by means of reinforcing bars or wire. This combination of components makes different size concrete slabs durable building material. Due to the fact that the steel reinforcing bars are within the concrete mixture, they are protected from corrosion and environmental hazards.

In turn, the steel bearing elements improve the characteristics of concrete mix, which is relatively fragile. As a result of such a combination of reinforced concrete structures characterized by their ability to resist compression. Thus, regardless of the size of such plates are composed of elements:

• valves;
• concrete, which is light, heavy or silicate.

Reinforcing inserts are steel bars or wire bundles, which in turn are divided into following types:

1. Workers. Placed in the bottom of the concrete products and are working on a bend.
2. Mounting. They form the basis of design, or skeleton, their main task - giving volume and plate fixation rods placement of fixtures.

For production of overlap apply heavy, strenuous concrete, consisting of water, cement and a special filler mixture, which is divided into such types as:

• coarse consisting of rubble or limestone;
• fine, based on - quartz sand.

The main active components, of which the concrete are cement, water. Due to their interaction obtained cement stone, bonding filler grains, resulting in one-piece and is obtained monolith.

Interesting information! Due to the fact that cement does not react with the filler, it is considered an inert material. However, filler, irrespective of the grain, has a major influence on the properties and structure of concrete.

If the manufacture of the plates used no preliminary compressed concrete, which is called tense for its reinforcement bars are used in a slightly stretched condition, which greatly increases the strength floors. On the volume of products it will affect not only the size of the concrete slabs, but the characteristics used in the manufacture of parts.

Types of floor slabs, sizes, GOST: basic rules

Become much more popular cast-frame buildings, the essence of which is the formation of a continuous slab across the floor surface. The main disadvantages of monolithic construction - high cost, the need to create a pre-frame and a non-stop process of pouring concrete. That is why the finished concrete products do not lose their relevance and are widely used, especially in the private construction.

In addition, lower prices of concrete slabs and sizes of products, which are presented in a large number of trade points, allow you to select the appropriate option for each particular construction, depending on the allocated budget and architectural ideas. Plates are easy to install and accelerate the process of construction of buildings, and for their placement does not require additional installation. Another significant advantage is the lack of shrinkage in concrete slabs.

Such designs are characterized by higher rates of hardness, they are resistant to moisture and temperature changes, have high heat and sound insulating properties. During the construction of residential buildings using gas-tight structure. In most cases, the permissible load on the floor slab is 800 kg / m and the maximum pressure to which the products are calculated, starting from 8 kPa. Since houses built using slabs, built long ago, it may be noted, and long service life. The proposed list of the basic types and sizes of slabs for guests:

1. Hollow. Have a width of 1 to 3.6 m, a length of from 1.7 to 9 m. The thickness, depending on the model, varies between 16 and 30 cm. Characterized by the presence of the hollow through holes.
2. Prefabricated ribbed. By GOST standards dimensions of ribbed slabs represented by parameters such as height - 40 cm, width - 3 m, the length ranges from 6 to 18 m.
3. Solid design for final assembly. Length - from 1.8 to 5 m height - 12-16 cm.

Interesting information! All specifications and dimensions of reinforced concrete (slabs) are governed by the norms of GOST 21924.2-84. Depending on the type of product may further be equipped with outlets valves, as well as local cutouts and holes.

When choosing a concrete designs for the construction, in addition to the basic parameters, it is important to take into account the weight of products, which will affect the kind of used lifting equipment. Often at construction sites cranes are designed to lift structures weighing up to 5 tons. For example, a concrete slab volume of 2 m³ and can weigh between three and 4.5 tons, which may be too much for conventional crane.

Hollow core slabs: Dimensions, The main types of

This is the most common type of concrete products, which is often produced by industrial enterprises. Due to the peculiarities and variety of sizes of hollow-core concrete slabs type are widely used for industrial, multi-storey and private buildings. The presence of cavities helps to cope with the laying of communications and heating mains.

Almost completely flat and smooth surface of hollow panels can not only quickly mount floors, but also simplifies the work on the implementation and design of the floor screed ceiling. The presence of voids in this case does not affect the ability of the plates to withstand heavy loads. Depending upon the internal section, and the shape and diameter of the cavity is isolated following types:

• round;
• oval;
• semicircular.

Besides the fact that the presence of voids significantly reduces the weight of the floor slabs, hollow-core panels are other advantages, which include:

1. The savings in the manufacture of concrete, which reduces the cost of finished products.
2. Good performance characteristics. of overlap plates have a high index of noise and heat insulation, which increases the quality of the finished building.
3. Facilitate communication laying process. Voids inside the plates used for laying cables, not only, but also other communication lines, for example pipes of different diameters.
4. Large selection of sizes and prices overlap RC-slabs. In the production of the panel can be found almost any size, including non-standard dimensions, but they will cost a bit more expensive.
5. Relief of the whole structure. Due to the fact that the hollow-core slabs have less weight on the foundation will have little impact, which has a positive effect on the stability of the entire structure.

Features and benefits of the production of certain types of products

Depending on the production characteristics of hollow core slabs are divided into hollow shuttering (PC), lightweight hollow (PNO) and hollow formless (PB). The manufacturing process of manufacturing hollow shuttering plates is as follows:

1. Concrete is poured into a prepared solution of metal formwork disposed inside the reinforcing elements and the metal grid.
2. Then the effect of vibration the concrete compacted well and subjected to hydrothermal treatment in a box, in which the temperature is 80 ° C and absolute humidity reaches 100%. For 7-12 hours the temperature stable inside the box is reduced.
3. After the mixture completely solidifies, the finished concrete slab is removed for a fixed steel eyelets, through which facilitates assembling panels. In stock all the plates are marked and prepared the technical documentation.

As for lightweight concrete slabs, then they are considered to be an upgraded version of PC boards, which differ in a reduced thickness. If a standard size concrete slabs is 22 cm, the thickness of the light version - just 16 cm, which, in turn, affects the final weight and volume of the product. Thus, the volume of the concrete slab 2,4h1 m lightweight type is equal to 0.38 m³, and a standard volume of PC boards of the same size has already reached 0.52 m³, the first plate weight is 550 kg, and the second - is 750 kg, which indicates a significant difference in weight.

Due to the fact that the production of plate is used more dense reinforcement using thickened reinforcement, it maintains the same weight as the hollow plate PC. Accordingly, the use of plates PNO is considered more economical, because for the price they are a little cheaper, and the load on the foundation will be even lower. Due to the fact that these plates occupy less volume in a single delivery vehicle can be brought over plates, which reduces the cost of shipping the product.

Related article:

Concrete blocks: a universal material for the construction of safe buildings

Scope of Use. Varieties blocks of type, size and application. How to install w / w units.

Plates, which are made without the use of the formwork, made by continuous casting of concrete mix, and the final shape of the panel gives molding machine. This principle allows the production plate to release large length - up to 9 meters, which on request can be cut into any lengths of up to several centimeters. This makes it possible to use different size slabs of concrete slabs for the design of complex architectural elements.

In the base plate thickness is 22 cm, although in some cases it is possible to meet and other adjustment items. The main advantage of PB slabs - the ability to apply for walls product in the upright position.

It is interesting! The majority of industrial production made it shuttering boards, because they do not need to purchase additional equipment for their release.

Main dimensions such as hollow-core slabs

Standard sizes slabs hollow type according to GOST 9561. 91 vary within certain limits:

• length varies from 1.5 to 9 m;
• width - from 1 to 1.8 m;
• minimum plate weighs 500 kg;
• maximum weight of more than 4 tons.

It should also be noted that in panels affects the strength and diameter of the internal void: the smaller the size of the through hole, the more durable the product considered. For example, different types of plates and 1PKK 2PKK characterized by similar dimensions, but in the first case, the diameter of through holes is 159 mm, while the second - 140 mm, it is said that 2PKK plates are more carrier ability.

An indicator of the estimated mass of the load is considered, which is able to withstand the overlap, including the value of its own weight. Maximum load of the floor slab depends mainly on the type of concrete and the thickness of the plate, which is usually equal to 22 cm. Encountered in producing variants of increased stability 30 cm thick - a plate with marking 6PK and lightweight construction height - 16 cm.

In accordance with GOST size PC floor slabs should be as follows:

PC boards dimensions (length, width, height) mm	Volume, m³	Weight, t
1980h990h220	0,44	0,61
2180h1190h220	0,571	0,85
2680h990h220	0,58	0,83
3180h1490h220	1,04	1,6
4180h1190h220	1,09	1,525
5080h990h220	1,11	1,475
6180h990h220	1,35	1,83

According to GOST, PB slabs dimensions are:

Dimensions (LxWxH), mm	Volume, m³	Weight, t
5380h1195h220	1,41	1,91
5980h1195h220	1,57	2,125
6580h1195h220	1,73	2,34
7180h1195h220	1,89	2,55
8960h1195h220	2,36	3,19

Sizes GOST slabs lightweight type:

Dimensions (LxWxH), mm	Volume, m³	Weight, t
6280h1190h160	1,20	1,7
5380h1190h160	1,02	1,4
3580h1190h160	0,68	0,92
4780h1190h160	0,91	1,25
5980h990h160	0,95	1,43
4780h990h160	0,76	1,1
2380h990h160	0,38	0,55

Hollow-core slab floors PB, PC and PNA are widely used in the construction. Regardless of the type, the result is still a high-strength structure with any number of floors. Despite the fact that the plates differ in the way of production, they still intended to solve similar problems.

What can you learn about the characteristics and the size of the PC slabs

Not every builder is required before purchasing to study the characteristics of production of various types of panels, but everyone who be faced with the purchase of materials for the building, must know how to decipher the markings indicated on products. Marking of each product produced in accordance with GOST 23009.

The product is usually indicated 3 alphanumeric group separated by dashes and dots. Initially commonly designated type panel and the main dimensions of the plate coating, such as length and width. It is important to know that all values ​​are specified in decimeters and rounded to the nearest whole value. In addition, the notation indicated floor loading or it may be an indicator of the estimated load, measured in kilopascals or kilograms per square meter of product.

If purchased plate made of stressed concrete, further indicates the class of the reinforcing steel. Type of concrete products usually is not indicated. Marking a third group often contains the following characteristics:

• resistance to gases;
• the ability to withstand seismic effects;
• presence of additional base constructions.

As an example, which will help to understand the marking structure, we can consider the hollow-core slabs 1PK63.15-6AtVL where:

• PK1 - means that it is hollow-core slabs with round through holes;

• 63 - the rounded value decimetres in length, in millimeters, it will be 6280;
• 15 - the rounded value width, if the transfer means 1490 millimeters;
• 6 - maximum load on the panel is 6 kPa or 600 kilograms per square meter;
• ATV - marking indicating the class of the used fittings;
• L - This letter indicates that the product is made of lightweight concrete.

If the product is marked with a similar type PK1 63.15-6AtV-C7, we can say that this stove is designed for use in the area of ​​high seismic activity and designed to withstand tremors force of up to 7 points on Richter scale. This is what says the additional labeling C7.

Differences PB (PPP) and the PC (PNA) slabs: size, price and other parameters

Speaking of the thickness of the parameters, all kinds of hollow-core slabs have values ​​from 160 mm to 300 mm and 220 mm is considered to be the standard. As for length, PB plates have larger dimensions - the maximum value here is 12 m, the cutting of items can be performed with an accuracy of 10 cm. The standard length PC boards - up to 7.2 m, and the pitch precisely regulated, and the maximum length of the panel PNO reaches 6.3 m.

The width of the panels of any type, and is mainly characterized by such standard values ​​(in meters):

• 1;

• 1,2;
• 1,5;
• 1,8.

PB plates often manufactured width of 1.2 m, much more rarely can be met variants 1 and 1.5 m. The products formless plates 1.8 m wide practically does not occur. Typical load on the hollow-core slab is 800 kg / m². However, the maximum load on the PC boards reaches 1250 kg / m², while the plate PB can be ordered, calculated to the load 1600 kg / m².

Useful advice!If acquire plate having cavities open at the ends, they must be carefully repaired using mortar and insulation.

An important difference between the PC boards and PB is the smoothness of the surface: while the first option may not boast even surface plate PB through an extruder smoothing are sleek and attractive appearance. The average density of the concrete slab, regardless of type, is 1400-2500 kg / m³.

The table shows the range of prices depending on the parameters:

plate type	Dimensions (LxWxH), mm	Weight, t	price, rub. (PC.)
PC	3380h1490h220	1,64	5360
2380h1490h220	1,2	3780
2980h1190h220	0,97	3600
2180h1190h220	0,82	2940
PB	2080h997h220	0,69	2914
2380h997h220	0,79	3334
2180h1197h220	0,84	3677
3180h997h220	1,05	4468
PNO	3180h990h160	0,95	4450
2380h1490h160	0,67	4624
4780h990h160	1,1	6073
1580h1190h160	0,3	2998

What are the ribbed plate, their main characteristics

Ribbed floor slabs are also called U-shaped. The name they got thanks to the parallel arrangement of the two edges of rigidity, the distance between which essentially is 600 mm. Additional rigidity is provided by the product due to the reinforcement, which reduces the consumption of concrete while maintaining the strength, which affects the stability of the structure to bending. The operating characteristics of this device are increased due to the presence of several transversely spaced ribs. Produced slab of concrete grade B15 or B20. Given the characteristics of the external panel are divided into two types:

1. Plates that are characterized by a lack of the opening in the shelf labeled GHG letters.
2. Blocks in which there is embedded an opening, characterized by marking MF. The main advantage of using ribbed slabs of the brand - the possibility of air or creating a ventilation shaft.

Due to the special appearance and specific characteristics of the U-shaped slabs increasingly used in the construction of non-residential structures, such as garages or warehouses. With the construction of residential buildings to use this type of plate to create space interstorey impractical, because they do not have a flat surface, like other variants overlap. Uneven ceiling will look ugly, aesthetically pleasing to sheathe it will not be easy, as well as any problems with the lining of communications.

It is interesting! In some cases, ribbed panels are used to generate heat or water networks.

The main distinguishing feature ribbed panels in comparison with other types of ceilings - height. The thickness of the concrete slab in U-shape is generally in the range of 30-40 cm. More subtle variations are used for the construction of small buildings and to separate from the attic space. Plates of a thickness of 40 cm are often found on construction sites for industrial use objects.

Dimensions of ribbed slabs differ from one another and also in width, this value is in the range of 1.5-3 m, and each type has its own advantages. Thus, the construction using the three-meter boards will be faster because of the greater width, thus reducing not only time, but also labor costs. If a more narrow five-foot panels, the building will is stronger.

Other characteristics of RC slabs ribbed: dimensions and other parameters

Compared with the size of the PC boards, floors of ribbed panels far superior to their length. Generally in factories there are products having a length of 6 or 12 m. For individual manufacturing panels are available as options for the 18 meter length. As in other cases, the size of the plates depends on their mass and that is especially important to consider when transporting products, and to create the installation plan.

Floor slab for 12 m in size house can weigh from 4 to 7 tons, while the average value is considered mass 1.5-3 tons. plates can be ordered if desired, from a lightweight concrete that will be reflected on the weight of the product. All U-shaped design for convenience equipped with mounting brackets.

When you purchase is necessary to pay attention to the presence of holes intended for the construction of communications, as well as the grade of concrete used in the production. All of these characteristics in the end affect the carrying capacity of the construction. According to the guests, the maximum load on the fin-type slab of 180-830 kg / m².

As for the price, the ribbed plate, compared to PC boards, a little cheaper and they are lighter in weight hollow core slabs. The main reason for which they are purchased less often than other options - the high conductivity of the cold.

The thickness of the slab on the top shelf is not more than 5 cm. This means that even with a small sub-zero temperatures the fine regiment in a short time will miss the cold inside the building. For this reason, ribbed ceiling in need of additional insulation, which entails extra time and cost.

The table shows which sizes are slabs:

Dimensions (length, width) in mm	Thickness, mm	Weight, kg
1170h390	90	65
1370h390	76
1570h390	87
1770h390	100
2370h390	120	154
2570h390	167
2970h390	150	197
3170h390	206
3370h390	227
3570h390	240

What affects the size of the slab: standard sizes monolithic products

In the classification of monolithic slab floors it occupies a special position due to the fact that their installation is done only in special cases. The thickness of the monolithic slab depends mainly on the length of the article:

• if the length is 6.6 m, the thickness will be within 16 cm;
• at a length of 3.6-4.2 m thickness does not exceed 12 cm.

The price and size of the monolithic concrete slab type is directly dependent on the thickness of the product. The thicker the product, the greater the weight of it is different, but keep in mind that when this indicator is equal to 16 cm, products will have higher characteristics of sound and heat insulation, and the thin plates have to further insulate and soundproof. Despite the fact that the monolith size is also regulated by GOST, you can custom make products according to individual sizes. When selecting the size you need to remember that the larger and heavier the product, the more difficult it will deliver and pick up at the desired height.

Production monolithic slabs involves the use of reinforcement, forms the basis for future construction. The reinforcing mesh is placed so that the distance between it and the casing body does not exceed 3 cm. Formwork is a collapsible structure which is used to shape the plate and resembles a box. The thickness of the steel rods to be 1 to 1.2 cm. For the production of plates of this type are used high-quality concrete grade M200.

Useful advice! On trading floors can be found reusable formwork, which allows to engage in the manufacture of plates themselves. The main disadvantage of the monolithic design - a long setting time is up to 28 days. Therefore, the construction is best done in the warm season, because the humidity and the cold stretch terms of hardening.

It is also important to take into account that the monolithic concrete slab capacity of 2 cubic meters, immersed in the base will be a few heavier than hollow-core or ribbed slabs that need to be taken into account when calculating the bearing capacity of the supporting structure building. Also for lifting slabs require a heavy-duty crane. It is for this reason that large-sized monolithic slab, unlike PC panels and U-shaped plates are made directly on the construction site.

What distinguish species of monolithic RC floor slabs: the size and price of products

Monolithic floors are divided into 3 types, each of which has its differences, the process of laying and the final cost per piece. Allocate such varieties:

• beam;
• girderless;
• ribbed.

Beam type of overlap, depending on the kind of surface has a plate - smooth or ribbed, different character designs and use. Plate with a smooth surface is placed perpendicular to the edges, and smooth production is mounted perpendicular to the plates. The correct placement depends on the rigidity of the finished building. In the construction used 2 types of beams:

• main, which have a larger diameter section;

• minor - the smaller diameter.

For spans of considerable size are used overlapping with the three-meter span. On a wall of stacked monolithic reinforced concrete beams, which are then connected to the base plate, and further reinforced concrete. Typically beams are stacked in the region 1,3-5 m apart. In order to achieve greater stiffness of further fixed in concrete belt anchors. Beam type of overlap is used where absolutely necessary to get a smooth ceiling, which is especially important for residential buildings. Price reinforced beams measuring up to 6 m starts from 1213 rubles. a piece.

When creating girderless overlap applied columns with capitals, made in the form of an inverted pyramid. The cross section of the reinforcing pins is 8-12 mm. Capitals differ release valves on both sides, which, in turn, are part of the stove and add the design rigidity. Thickness flight frameless plates is 1 / 35-1 / 30 relative to the length of the product.

Recently, more and more columns and slabs are concreted at the same time. Price depends on the size and overlap in the range from 300 to 2500 rubles. 1 m².

Unlike ribbed slabs coffered ceiling type is characterized in that the ribs are disposed in both directions. The main advantages of using this type of overlap - a reduced weight of the structure, large flexural strength, which is provided with a grid of ribs.

During construction of the column in place and the joint overlap to impart greater reliability armature structure applied gain at which the column pins are introduced into the cavity of formwork. Diameter pin section is not less than 8 mm.

The main advantages and disadvantages of using monolithic slabs

Monolithic floor slabs, because of their characteristics, are often used in the construction of buildings with a complex architectural design and if the structure is different non-standard parameters and is characterized by complex angles and shapes. The main advantage of monolith - reinforced rigidity of the building, so it is used in cases where you want to build, designed for heavy loads.

For example, the actual use monolithic plates in the construction of industrial plant, which will not only static, but also dynamic load caused by the constant vibration of the equipment. Other advantages of monolithic products:

1. Saving on shipping. Due to the large size of plates assembled on the construction site, thus saving on logistics, as well as loading and unloading. In addition, there is no need to equip the warehouse for storage.
2. Availability of building materials used for manufacturing. Concrete can always buy or make the same immediately to the construction and fittings for fit and waste of secondary ferrous metals.
3. Relief work on interior decoration. Through the use of formwork bottom surface of the plate will be different even and smooth surface that allows you to quickly carry out finishing work at minimal cost.
4. Increased thermal insulation characteristics. The absence of joints between the plates increases the ability to not only retain heat, but also absorbs sound.
5. Long service life. Due to the fact that the concrete protects against corrosion of steel bars, which, in turn, improve the performance quality of the concrete, the building will retain its strength for a long time. However, it should be noted that these characteristics have other types of ceilings.
6. A wide selection of sizes and shapes. Since the monolithic slab formwork with the help can be given any shape, their use makes it possible to issue remote balconies rounded shapes, as well as to make more smooth curves on the facade of the building.

As for the drawbacks, the main of them is carrying out technically complex jobs, because the monolithic plate the required size with strength characteristics produced only by experienced professionals with relevant skills. GOST standards for self-manufactured concrete products are not provided. Overall parameters of products are calculated individually in each case, respectively, highlight the additional costs to pay for specialist work on pouring. Other disadvantages of monolithic slabs:

1. Significant weight. The absence of voids and large size products cause the finished product a greater mass, which will require a more solid foundation.
2. Longer pour. According to EU standards during the concrete pour in the formwork is 28 days, which stretches the timing of construction.

To avoid mistakes when buying boards for construction, first of all, in addition to size, you need to ask the seller about the origin and the manufacturer's reputation. It is important to check the brand and quality of the finished concrete panels. You should not purchase a product with clear violations of integrity that will reduce the bearing capacity of the structure. Be sure to make sure you have a passport for the products, and then, on the basis of the required size, select the number of plates. The main thing - to understand what the quality of the overlap and depend finished building sustainability.