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Today is very popular in the construction and other sectors of industry uses I-beams, which has a unique durability and reliability. The product is capable of withstanding a load which several times exceeds the characteristic structures with square, round or rectangular cross section. Range I-beams has a wide range of species, wherein each product is performed in accordance with applicable standards.
I-beam has an H-shaped section
Content
- 1 Regulated by GOST H sections: characteristics and design features
- 2 Embodiments of manufacturing profiles in accordance with GOST I-beam
- 3 Parameters structure according to assortment of H-beams
- 4 Range of I-beams: nomenclature of manufacture of materials and cross-sectional shape
- 5 The requirements of GOST 26020-83: the assortment of hot-rolled steel I-beams
- 6 The requirements of GOST 8239-89: hot-gauge steel I-beam
- 7 Calculation of the I-beam to determine the bearing capacity of the product
- 8 Domestic producers of I-beams: the price of the product
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9 Characteristics of I-beams: features wooden products
- 9.1 Wooden I-beams: the price for the novelty of the construction market
Regulated by GOST H sections: characteristics and design features
What is an I-beam? This construction is a metal profile having an H-shaped section. Various products, its shape and the maximum allowable deviation in the technical specifications strictly regulate GOST 26020-83 and GOST 8239-89. The standards specified varieties I-beams and order of their marks.
The basic I-beam production material is steel
Compared to other types of metal, for example, channels, whose assortment of GOST 8240-97 normalizes, I-beams (GOST 26020-83 defines the unique shape of the product section) is characterized by the greatest degree of specific stiffness and strength. Voltage is distributed evenly across the beam area, which can significantly reduce the amount of material used.
If we compare the tensile strength at break H-shaped profile and whole timber, the same value is obtained, while the mass of the I-beam is 10 times lower. Durability placed adjacent articles is determined by summing and arranged on each other - by increasing 4-fold.
Important!Using I-rental will ease a lot of construction, reducing construction costs.
I-beam construction are widely used in the construction of hydraulic structures, floors of multi-storey buildings, support structures. This is due to increased product resistance to stress and immunity to mechanical stress. Profiles are quite common in the construction industry.
I-beam is often used in metal framework structures, buildings and constructions of industrial and civil construction
Due to the high load-bearing capacity, which is evenly distributed throughout the product, these components should be used for long spans, exceeding 7 m. Without an I-beam can not do in the construction of above-ground crossings and bridges, which is associated with the increased ability to perceive profiles vertical load.
Embodiments of manufacturing profiles in accordance with GOST I-beam
Guests at the I-beams is determined that the product can be made in two ways. The first option involves the manufacture of profiles by rolling blanks length of 3-12 m, which are processed at 1200 ° C. This process is carried out on special machines. In the production of structural steel is used, which contains no dopants.
This technology facilitates the rapid production of monolithic products. Such elements exhibit enhanced resistance to various mechanical influences genus. The technology allows for the use of building parts without the use of additional stiffeners.
The unique shape of the product can reduce the weight of the structure, while increasing its load bearing capacity. Shelves, evenly distribute the load, exclude the likelihood of buckling structure.
I-beams can be manufactured by the rolling of workpieces and by welding the three main elements
H-shaped profile can also be made of the three elements by welding. This technology allows you to receive the item of smaller cross section in comparison with monolithic designs.
Important!Through the use of elements from different types of steel can reduce the cost of weldment.
I-beam welding process takes place in the following sequence:
- perform CNC cutting sheets of steel;
- welding of metal workpieces in automated plants using hydraulic rams;
- edit designs on the basis of the parameters prescribed standard.
Using the method of welding technology, I-beams can be obtained, the price per 1 which depends on the geometrical parameters of shelves of different width and thickness. You can order the product of a certain length with notches and made holes for mounting the body profile.
For greater reliability of the H-shaped beam of the connecting member are welded from two sides
If the I-beams are produced on modern equipment, products are not inferior in its technical characteristics, hot-rolled counterparts. If you use outdated equipment and low-carbon grades of steel construction elements will be characterized by low operating rates.
Parameters structure according to assortment of H-beams
Picking up I-beams to perform a certain type of problem, you should consider their main parameters:
- height - the distance between the shelves I-beam;
- width - size interval from the base end of the article to a shelf;
- wall thickness, which is calculated from the product base and determines the strength and bearing capacity of the structure;
- average thickness shelves determined by subtracting the width of the flange wall thickness, dividing the result by 4;
- inner radius of curvature formed by abutting flanges, which incurs the greatest load, defining charge rigidity and strength of the product.
Important!Shelf should not be adjacent to the wall at right angles. The radius formed in place of the compound increases the strength of the product.
Purpose of the beam depends on various parameters such as height, width, and wall thickness of the flange, the inner radius of curvature
To refer to I-beams used in construction documentation inscription composed in a certain way. The letter indicates the type of products that can be normal or wide-columned. The letter "D" designates an additional series of profiles with predetermined parameters, regulated standard.
The numerical value of the letter corresponds to the I-beam height in centimeters. The number after the letters determines the modification element. The greater this number, the thicker and heavier the product. Further, the standard specifies the number of which is manufactured I-beams. After prescribed manufacturing material structures. For example, 35SH1 beam is a wide-I-section 350 mm in height.
Range of I-beams: nomenclature of manufacture of materials and cross-sectional shape
The current standard defines several varieties of I-beams, having different dimensional characteristics, weight and cross-sectional shape that is defined by nomenclature materials.
The H-shaped metal section is characterized by different shape. In hot-rolled steel I-beam, regulated GOST 8239-89, shelves with the wall form an angle of 8-12 °. The product is used as a support for crane telpher line. Normal I-beams (GOST 26020-83) is indicated in the design documentation with the letter "B", made with parallel edges of shelves. This simplifies the manufacturing process, reducing the profile of the deformation resistance simultaneously.
Normal H-beam according to GOST 26020-83 denoted by the letter "B"
Wide-I-beams (GOST 26020-83 denotes the product labeled "W") has increased by 1.5 times the width of the shelves in comparison with the foregoing types of rolled metal. This has a positive effect on the rigidity, strength and durability of the structure. Because of this it is able to withstand the pressure on 40% more than the normal beam.
I-beams, tower GOST 26020-83 denoted by the letter "K". The products have a maximum width of the shelves increased thickness to provide high strength product. I-beams used in the construction of critical constructions.
To create stairs, floors, supports, trusses, bridges and a variety of hydro use regulated by GOST 26020-83 I-beams normal. -Beam find their use in load-bearing structures of floors and stairways. In industrial buildings mainly applied tower structure.
Stair use I-beams normal, which is regulated by GOST 26020-83
In accordance with GOST 26020-83 and GOST 8239-89 Gauge I-beams comprises the following range of materials used for the manufacture of I-beams:
- carbon steel of ordinary quality, regulated by GOST 380-2005, can be relaxed, boiling and semipermanent, characterized optimum ratio of strength, specifications, and price;
- construction grade steel in accordance with GOST 27772-88, different high requirements regarding content of the feedstock harmful impurities;
- Aluminum alloy (GOST 4784-97) is used to create lightweight profile products, which are characterized by high aesthetic and corrosion properties;
- high-strength steel for bridge construction satisfying the requirements of GOST 4784-97, when applied erecting particularly critical structures and has improved resistance to the effects of cyclic loads.
The requirements of GOST 26020-83: the assortment of hot-rolled steel I-beams
This standard defines Hot-rolled H-shaped profiles, having parallel faces. Strictly regulated according to GOST I-beam sizes. Article height shelves is in the range 100-1000 mm and a width of 55-400 mm.
Unlike sill dimensions made in accordance with GOST 8240-97, gauge I-beam characterized by a wide range of thicknesses, that is in the range of 100-600 mm. Such I-beams can be normal - denoted labeled "B" wide-- "SB" columns - "K" and additional - "D".
Hot-rolled steel I-beams can withstand heavy loads, and therefore used in the construction of multi-storey buildings
Range wide-I-beams determines the height profiles of 193-718 mm, which can be used without additional securing. Such products are used as a basis for laying concrete slabs or steel sheet.
This type of elements is able to withstand heavy loads, so it is often used in the construction of multi-storey buildings. From wide-H-beams operate 50SH1 T sections for lattice structures.
Important!Due to the increased width of wide-flange I-beams type possess maximum rigidity that allows to use them as independent supporting elements.
Beams produced following lengths: measuring, off-gage, measuring with a segment is a multiple dimensional, with multiple dimensional interval of 6 to 24 m. This value is defined as the maximum length value of conditional profile with cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ends.
Wide-I-beams are used as self-supporting elements
Segment parameter profiles are at least 3 m for products having a linear density to 20 kg / m and not less than 4 m - with a density above 20 kg / m. The standard allows I-beams manufacture, having a limited length, which is within the off-gage, the most characteristic 30SH1 beams.
Related article:
Beam double-tee: Table size, weight and technical features profiles
Features design and construction. Characteristics of I-beams 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 30, 36 and 40. Table size and weight.
The requirements of GOST 8239-89: hot-gauge steel I-beam
Gauge steel hot rolled I-beams sloping inner flange faces 6 -12 ° regulates GOST 8239-89. I-beams can be manufactured by conventional precision and enhanced by hot rolling, the production method is determined based on the scope of use of the product. This type of profile is characterized by the lowest cost and is suitable for engineering and construction of the building components.
GOST 8239-89 I-beams may have a height of 100 to 600 mm. Meaning profiles length is within 4.12 m. The long products are less reliable.
Using steel hot-rolled I-beam avoids the operation shifts buildings, shrinkage and cracking
Constructions are characterized by high durability, reliability and high resistance to mechanical stress and a long service life without violating the geometrical characteristics of the product. All the basic parameters of the profile height, flange width, and flange thickness of the walls, the moment of resistance, the moment of inertia of I-beam, the inertia radius - are presented in the assortment of the product.
Useful advice!I-joists can be made-to-measure, which will affect the value of the product.
Depending on the position of I-beam faces may be inclined labeled "U" or parallel ( "P"). Such designs are widely used in the construction of residential and industrial purposes, pavilions, bridges, warehouses and columns. I-beams with a gradient of 10% would provide pathways for suspended mounting. Designs with faces sloping 12% are used in reinforcing and strengthening of the shafts.
Calculation of the I-beam to determine the bearing capacity of the product
To minimize costs, ease of construction, reducing labor and material costs without compromising the strength of the construction of the double-T calculates the product. Initial data for product selection profile are, according to the bearing capacity, span length, and the calculated normal load, the number of I-beams and the design resistance.
I-beams is calculated in order to select it from the mix when the projected construction
span length is defined as the distance between the inner faces of the short wall. Regulatory burden is taken from the table assortment of products, the design is calculated by multiplying this value by the beam pitch. Calculated resistance which depends on the steel grade, taken equal to 210 MPa.
The load on the I-beam is defined as follows:
- summed the total roof load based on the weight of the profile, which is calculated for 1 meter of the product;
- the value obtained is multiplied by a factor of reliability and strength of the steel;
- determined value of the moment of resistance based on the table of calculated values STATE;
- Torque resistance profile number is selected from the table assortment of I-beam.
Domestic producers of I-beams: the price of the product
Today, in the construction market several well-known brand companies presented, which specialize in the manufacture of metal structures. Price of metal I-beams depends on the technical parameters of the product, its size, and company policies.
The cost of an I-beam depends on its size and installed in one meter
The main producer of H-beams in Russia is the Nizhniy Tagil Metallurgical Combine, which produces high-quality certified products in full compliance with the applicable standards.
The catalogs of the manufacturer lists all types of I-beams with parallel edges of shelves and products with an emphasis internal faces. The most popular in the construction industry enjoys 40SH1 beam, which can be bought at the price of 55 thousand. rub. per ton.
West-Siberian Steel Works offers H sections with parallel flange faces, in accordance with GOST 26020-83. Production is characterized by an optimal price-performance ratio. Buy a beam 40B1 can be as little as 30 thousand. rub. per ton.
Universal supplier of metal is the company "Ariel Metal". Manufacturer can see a wide range of steel products 09G2S, 35GS and 17G1S and aluminum I-beams. GOST 13621-90 regulates beams of different nominal aluminum. The average cost of a ton of the product is in the range of 50 thousand. rub.
The main suppliers of H-beams in the Russian Federation are the company "Ariel Metal", Nizhny Tagil and West Siberian Iron & Steel Works
Characteristics of I-beams: features wooden products
A novelty in the construction market is a wood I-beam, which can be used for everything frame structures mounting floors, roof system, reconstruction attics and balconies.
I beam comprises two planed boards softwood and OSB disposed therebetween. Such a construction is able to withstand greater bending load without deformation of the product without the use of auxiliary reinforcing structures.
The beam does not crack over time, we are not subject to corrosion and deformation changes as a result of external factors. To extend the life of the product does not need a special impregnation and painting. Wood I-beams characterized by durability, strength and high load capacity.
Useful advice!The use of wooden I-beams for laying the floor makes it possible not to carry out his tie.
Wooden I-beam is characterized by the ability to withstand a heavy load, easy installation process, economic feasibility and low thermal conductivity
The product has smooth surface, which makes the material an ideal choice for floor and ceiling installation. Laying constructions carried out without the involvement of special equipment with minimal labor and materials savings.
Wooden I-beams: the price for the novelty of the construction market
I-wood beams for the floor, roof systems and building frames are divided into the following series:
- BDK - laminated beams;
- The CAD - reinforced plywood;
- BDKSH - wide plywood;
- SDKU - reinforced wall;
- SDKSH - wide wall.
BDK beam consists of structural elements glued together using synthetic resin under high pressure. Use the product in short spans. H-beam price per linear meter Product is 300 rubles. at the height of 241 mm member. Laminated reinforced beam has an increased shelf width equal to 64 mm, sufficient for fixing nails. It can be used in long spans. Product price is 320 rubles. / rm. m.
Laminated broad beam width is characterized by the shelf 89 mm. These products are used for the structures that are experiencing extremely high load. Buy running meter of joists can be for 400 rubles.
Due to the relatively low altitude section of I-joists wood consumed more sparingly
Wall reinforced structure, which is the average price is 300 rubles., Is used to form the basis of a frame building. Wide wall beam is used for the installation of wall panels. The cost per meter of the beam is 390 rubles.
If the next marking is the letter "L", it indicates that the product is made of high-beams, I-beams which imparts greater strength. The standard value of the product of length - 6 m. The height can be set at 457 mm, 406 mm, 356 mm, 302 mm, 241 mm.
With universal parameters, I-beams are widely used in various fields of construction. To get the maximum service life of structures, should correctly determine the load against which the selected type of H-shaped profile according to the product assortment.
