Mounting the electrical panel

Electrical flap in the apartment, its importance in the electricity supply system of the house is extremely large. The wiring will not be able to function qualitatively and fully without the correct distribution of electricity consumers, and fire and electrical safety will be minimized in the absence of the necessary protection elements. Of course, it will be better if the specialists are engaged in laying the wires and installing the equipment, but with some study of this issue( this article will help you) you will be able to independently mount the electrical shield yourself, without much effort and expense, by assembling an uncomplicated electrical circuit. The main thing to understand what are the schemes of power supply, what equipment to choose, how to calculate electrical loads, how to correctly and evenly distribute them.

General questions about electrical boards

At the moment there are two types of electrical panels. The first is an old and outgoing one - a shield with fuses( or plugs) that were disposable, and they needed to be twisted for replacement, and modern devices equipped with bag-based circuit breakers( automatic machines).Of course, it is better to use modern technologies, as they exceed outdated systems in terms of reliability, safety and durability, and places take less, but they are not repaired. In stores you can buy shields with already built-in circuit breakers, as well as empty "boxes" and you can install the necessary equipment yourself.

Electrical panel in the apartment, the power supply circuit of which can be varied, and the number of consumers and their capacity can grow with time, should be selected with additional places for circuit breakers.

An introductory machine, usually capable of simultaneously disabling both "phase" and "zero", should be selected based on the total load of the apartment. The magnitude of its current and protective characteristics is higher than that of auxiliary automata. As a rule, for 2 and 3-room apartments, a 32-40 amp machine( about 7 kW) is suitable, if the load is less, the machine can be taken for 25 or 16 amperes.

With regard to the auxiliary machines installed in the "phase", they are necessary to protect a separate room or device. Experts advise putting such an automatic device on each consumer, whose power exceeds 1.5 kW( heating tanks, washing machines and so on).The table of approximate loads of electrical appliances is located below.

Table 1 - approximate power of household devices.

Electrical Appliance	Power, W
TV	140
Lighting	500
Computer	500
Microwave	800
Washer	2600
Electric kettle	1300
Boiler	1900
Vacuum cleaner	650
Flatiron	1600
Refrigerator	300

An RCD( residual current device) is an extremely useful device if you need to increase the level of electrical protection at times. They react to the slightest leakage of currents and voltages, instantly deenergizing the circuit. If there are bathrooms and children's rooms equipped with electrical appliances in the house, the choice of RCD will play a particularly important role.

Assembly and installation of the panel

The electrical housing board abb or legrand can be of two types: closed( built into the wall) and open( shield fastened directly to the vertical surface).The choice of the type of installation basically depends on the type of wiring - if the open type wiring is ideal for mounting an overhead shield, such a shield does not require special preparation of the site, the wall is fastened with conventional dowel nails or "self-tapping screws"( all depending on the wall material).If the wiring is hidden( ie built into the wall), then the best option is to install the built-in shield. Everything is more complicated here, since you have to chisel the walls, the main thing is not to forget to make sure that the thickness of the wall allows you to install a shield. After creating a niche, it is smeared with a fixing solution of gypsum or alabaster, and already in such a box a "box" is built in. Shield is more convenient to use plastic. The upper part should contain an introductory machine under which the counter is located. It is fastened with screws. The meter is installed after the completion of work related to the wiring device. This is due to sealing.

The installation of the electrical panel should be carried out on a hard surface where it is easily accessible and maintained.

The location of the shield is determined by the norms, far from the pipelines of water and gas. It should be located on a level surface of the wall with an angle of inclination of no more than 1.5 degrees at an altitude of about 1.5 m from the floor. If it is not possible to locate the meter far from potential damage sites, it can be placed in a cabinet equipped with an inspection window. Fastening of wires is allowed using bandage binding.

For wiring in the attic, it is necessary to leave the wire short, because it is not allowed to twist the wire into the bay. If you are installing an electrical wiring in the attic, the cable is placed in a metal pipe with ground.

With respect to the materials from which the boards are made, it can be both metal and heat-resistant plastic. The second option is more convenient in installation and operation, more secure, and its appearance is attractive.

So, with the installation of the box itself was dismantled, now we will figure out how the circuit of the electrical board is arranged.

In principle, all the electrical circuits of the boards are the same, but there are the main factors on which they are assembled, this includes:

• Number of electricity consumers;
• total power consumption of electrical energy;
• power of each consumer;
• the location of the electrical board;
• number of phases;
• the presence of a grounding conductor;
• presence of an electricity metering unit.

Voltage is applied to the input automaton( preferably if two-pole) and goes to a single-phase electricity metering unit, where it comes from the RCD.Next, the phase splits and the direct distribution of loads by means of circuit breakers and additional RCDs. For example, there will be automata separately for lighting, for sockets and for powerful consumers.

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The electrical switchboard for a three-phase power supply system is similar, only the input automaton, the RCD and the electricity meter will be three-phase, and the whole system will be larger both in terms of dimensions, and in the number of automata and connecting conductors.

Beginning the internal installation of

Now let's figure out how to properly assemble the electrical shield. First of all, in the shield, with the help of self-tapping screws, a DIN rail is installed. Of itself, it represents a metal plate, to which all switching devices will subsequently be attached. To create the required length, it can be easily cut with a metal hacksaw.

In addition to the din-rails, terminal blocks are attached to the body of the switchboard( in another way distribution buses).Their role is to connect the zero conductors. If the flat or house of the old sample and the whole system is made only with phase( 3 phases) and with a working zero( with a blue wire), only one terminal is sufficient. If the system is done according to the rules and there is an additional yellow-green conductor( protective zero or ground), then another bus must be installed. At this point in time, tires are on sale, the design of which allows them to be mounted on a DIN rail, as well as automatic machines.

After installation of the DIN-rails, we proceed to fastening the circuit breakers. Modern design will make it very fast, enough on the top side of the machine with a flat screwdriver to pull off the snap device, put the machine on the din rail and remove the screwdriver. Removal is similar.

Assembly instruction

The following is a step-by-step description of how to assemble the electrical switchboard single-phase

1. . Strictly observe the precautions!
2. We fix the necessary number of dyne-rails to the shield.
3. After their fastening, according to the chosen scheme, we set the necessary number of automatic machines, RCDs, zero buses. It should be remembered that by rules, the introductory machine should be placed on the upper left.
4. Set the electric counter( if space allows).This is a specific equipment that requires special knowledge, so it's better to just bring wires to it and call a controller from Energosbyt who will make the correct connection, and at the same time make up an act and seal the counter.
5. We connect the input automaton. It will be better if the phases are brought to him from below. In the future, this will simplify the task of installing jumpers between automata.
6. We unite all machines and RCDs with special jumpers. In the question: "How to assemble an electric flap?" This point is worth paying attention.
   

   Assembling of the

panel The connection can be made in three ways:

- Using multi-wire copper wires with NWSC-type bushings.

- Proprietary make jumpers of U-shaped shape from pieces of copper wire.

- Using special insulated tires called combs. This tire is convenient in terms of installation and does not take up much space, plus several times reduces the number of connecting wires.

Follow-up

After all the necessary steps have been taken to assemble the electrical panel, they begin to dismantle and connect the conductors.

1. With the cutting everything is simple - we clean off the excess insulation with the knife.2. After removal, it is desirable to dissolve the exposed ends or equip with special crimps, which are also better to dissolve.

3. We make the connection of wires to the machines - the terminals must be tightened well with a screwdriver, a weak contact will subsequently lead to heating and destruction of current-carrying parts.

4. The grounding conductor always goes past the machines directly from the ground bus.

5. The zero conductor is connected to the zero bus. If a normal automatic machine is used as protection( except for the introductory one) - zero goes directly, if protection is performed by the RCD - zero goes through it to the connected line.

What else do I need to know?

The installation of the electrical panel and its assembly - is not only the ability to correctly build circuits. It is also necessary to know some of the nuances in order not to regret later the time and effort.

1. You can not save on the purchased switchboard! The cheapness of the shield clearly speaks of poor-quality materials, of which it is made. Cheap plastic with time is more yellow and becomes fragile. Refractoriness can also be low.
2. Buy a shield better with a stock of modules. There should be the possibility of maneuvering in a larger direction.
3. You need to sign installed machines! After a while, you can not remember which automatic machine it serves. Often in the complete set with an electric board there is an adhesive paper serving just for these purposes.
4. After six months, after assembly, it is necessary to make broach contacts.
5. Periodically test RCD by pressing the corresponding button.
6. It is better to buy equipment of famous brands. In such shields, everything is prepared for convenient, high-quality and safe cabling and the installation of protective devices. For example, assembling the electric flap legrand or abb, will take less time due to the availability of the necessary component materials.
7. For convenience we have distributing buses on different sides. Grounding - at the bottom, zero - at the top.
8. If there are children in the house, the shield must be purchased with a lock or equipped with such.

It should be recalled that assembly and installation of the Legrand, ABB or other equipment of the electrical panel is strictly necessary on the disconnected power line, after checking the absence of voltage.

To connect the assembled shield to the current system, it is necessary to attract employees of the relevant organizations. For multi-family houses, these are representatives of the HOA or the housing office.

As a result, after completing the entire assembly and connection process, it is necessary to close or screw the cover and check its operation by applying voltage to the live parts of your shield.

Especially for the site apartment repair yourself.