How to choose LED lamps for the home: the essential criteria

Properly chosen lighting design can make a difference not only interior, but also your mood, giving a feeling of comfort and inner warmth. For the perfect lighting is important as the design of lighting fixtures, as well as the correct use of light sources. To understand how to choose LED lamps for the home, you must familiarize yourself with the parameters that distinguish them from other peers.

Overview of the main characteristics of LED lamps for the home

Many consumers before buying LED bulbs for home, ask a question: what fundamental differences consist of different types of lamps, and what are the advantages of LED sources Sveta? In this regard it should be noted the main technical characteristics of LED lamps:

• low power consumption;
• long functional life;
• no "strobe» - led-lamps form the uniform illumination without tiring the eyes;

• high luminous efficacy;
• the opportunity to shine with all shades of the rainbow;
• Use safety - lamps environmentally harmless and do not emit harmful substances and radiation, almost no heat and are fireproof;
• ability to operate at voltage drops - in the case of reducing the mains voltage, the lamp will operate with a lower luminescence brightness;
• versatility - thanks to the design including standard socket, led-lamps can be used in luminaires previously installed;
• the optimal ratio "price - quality" - manufacturers of LED products are continuously working to improve the technical qualities, while the price of goods is decreasing every year.

These properties generalize all LED light sources. However, there are differences between the models of LED lamps. This applies to the body size, the type of base, the power of the device and many other parameters. Understand the basic characteristics of the led-product, it can be concluded that any LED bulbs better for the home.

LED lamp 220: circuit unit

LED lamp structure includes the following elements:

• Diffuser - to increase the angle and uniform light distribution. Usually made of translucent plastic or durable polycarbonate;
• LED system - the number of employed LEDs the lamp power is determined by its size and design. In one lamp can be used from one to several tens of diodes;
• Aluminum circuit board - provides heat dissipation from the LEDs to the cooling radiator;
• radiator - made of several aluminum plates. Removes heat from the printed circuit board;
• capacitor - an adapter element, which serves to eliminate the effect on the output voltage ripple;
• driver - is used to convert alternating current. He straightens and stabilizes the voltage supply to the diodes;
• base cap - made of polymer it provides a body protection against electric breakdown;
• Brass socket - provides contact with the lamp socket.

In this way, LED lamp It is a block diagram of power diodes and resistors for limiting current. Scheme LED lamp 220 represents a sequence in which the mains voltage of 220 V is applied to an element of the bridge rectifier through current limiting capacitor, designated in Scheme C1 and resistor R2.

As a result, LEDs HL1 system supplied with a DC power passing through the resistor R4. The LEDs in the lamp beginning to glow. Appointment of the capacitor C2 in the scheme - to provide a smoothed rectified voltage. Discharging the capacitor C1 is disconnected when the LED light source of the supply voltage takes place by means of the resistor R1.

How to choose LED lamps for the home: a comparative analysis of the light sources

The high cost of LED light sources is often a cause of doubt the feasibility of using led-lighting. To understand this you can by doing a comparative analysis of LED lamps and incandescent lamps. Correspondence tables of different lamps give an idea of ​​the characteristics of LED lighting payback.

Types of caps LED lamps

For ease of use LED products in the home network devices are available with different versions of a standard socket. This allows you to effortlessly replace old lamps to modern sources of led-lighting. The main types of caps:

• E 14, E 27 - LED lamps with socket are quite common among consumers. The numbers indicate the base diameter (mm), the plinth itself has a screw coupling system. Since the cap 14 normally used E bulb elongated small lamps, wall lamps and floor lamps. Price LED lamp socket E27, E 14 depends on their thickness and the presence of dimming function;
• GU 10 - pivoting the cap structure is a bi-pin connector, by which the lamp is fixed to the cartridge. The connectors have a thickening at the ends, as indicated by the symbol «U» in the designation electroaccessories. The distance between the pins of the latch is 10 mm. Used in recessed ceiling fixtures;
• GU 5.3 - the distance between the pins in the socket is 5.3 mm. Unlike GU 10 pins of the lamp holder does not have bulges. Main application - for lamps spotlighting suspended drywall ceiling;

• G 13 - socket of this type is used as a holder for the type ST 8 lamps. The gap between the pin connector rods is 13 mm. LED lamp with a cap is used for linear and ceiling fixtures in places where it is required to illuminate an area of ​​considerable size (halls supermarkets, warehouses and so on. D.).

Useful advice! LED lamps with cap with pin connector should only be used for cartridges with corresponding mezhshtyrkovym gap.

When choosing LED lamps for socket type should be given preference to those options that are used in fixtures that are already installed in your home. If the lamp or chandelier have a standard lamp sockets with threaded quick-connect system, and the lamp should be chosen with the same holder.

The ratio of power LED lamps and incandescent lamps

Until recently, when used for lighting incandescent lamps, its level was estimated by energy power. And if needed to illuminate a larger area of ​​the room, for example, living room or hall, the required incandescent lamp 100 watts. In case the LED light sources this criterion several incorrect, because they have different luminous efficiency. When using the LED lamps of the power is lost on the adapter.

Thus, the value of the power consumption does not always indicate the appropriate brightness. When comparing the power of LED lamps and incandescent lamps used factor 8. For example, for light levels which gives the incandescent lamp of 60 W, required LED analog output not less than 7.5 W, and 200 W incandescent bulb can be replaced by apparatus 30 led- Tues.

For convenience, we present data matching power LED lamps to incandescent lamps. It should be noted that the figures in the tables are averages, however, even when the respective correcting you can see the benefits of LED light sources.

Table ratio of LED lamps and incandescent lamps in power:

The types of light sources	Power, W
incandescent lamp	20	40	60	75	100	150	200
Led- lamp	2	4	7	10	12	17	25-30

Correspondence table watt LED lamps incandescent and fluorescent devices:

The types of light sources	Power, W
incandescent lamp	20	40	60	75	100	150	200
Led- lamp	2	4	7	10	12	17	25-30
fluorescent lamp	6	8	12	15	20	45	70

Compliance with incandescent lamps LED lamps highest light output

Choosing led-production is impossible without taking into account the ratio of incandescent lamps and LED lamps for light. Unit of measurement of the light flux - lumens. This characteristic is not all manufacturers indicate on the packaging of the product. Because of this, many consumers are forced to focus on the basis of power consumption. But if all the same this parameter is specified, select the product will not be difficult.

Given that the average rate of the luminous flux at the lamp filament is 15 lm / W, 60 W lamp will have a luminous efficacy of 900 lm (60 x 15). Light LED lamp flow - about 90 lm / W. Multiplying unit power 11 W 90 lm / W, we get 990 lumens. Consequently, to obtain an identical brightness when replacing incandescent 60 watt can use LED lamp power of 11 watts.

Useful advice!In organizing the lighting in the apartment or house will be enough led-lamps 6-10 watts. Such devices will produce luminous flux similar brightness when using the glow filament lamps of 60 watts.

Often, the packaging led-lamps indicate the brightness of its glow similar to an incandescent bulb. You can also use and comparison of incandescent light bulbs, energy-saving and LED light sources of the light flux.

Table of compliance of LED lamps and incandescent lamps of luminous flux:

incandescent lamp	Fluorescent Lamp	LED lamp
Power, W	Luminous flux	Power, W	Luminous flux	Power, W	Luminous flux
15	135	5	145	3	360
25	230	7	250	4	480
40	430	9	320	5	600
60	730	11	500	6	630
75	950	15	875	7	720
100	1380	21	900	10	920

Thus, when comparing the incandescent lamps and LED lamps, one can see that the more powerful device, the higher the luminous flux of the lamp of any type. However, to achieve the required brightness LED lamp can be used with much lower power having a power consumption lower than that of an incandescent lamp 8 times and luminescence - in 3 times.

The color temperature of LED lamps: choice of optimal

Unlike incandescent bulbs, which in any capacity given a warm yellowish light, LED light sources can emit light of different colors. This is because the led-spectrum lamp radiation is varied color temperature of the luminescence, which provide two contained the spectrum, from blue diode, and the spectrum of a phosphor - substance filling lamp. Mixing these two components give a white glow different colors.

Thus, buying LED bulbs, it is necessary to pay attention to the color of the glow of the device. Its value is expressed temperature value in degrees Kelvin (K). To translate in degrees Kelvin Celsius, it is necessary to subtract the value of their numbers 273, since the zero mark Kelvin corresponds to 273 ° C.

Like other parameters, the color of light indicated by the manufacturer in the technical documentation, or packaging tubes. The designation includes a four-digit number and the letter "K". The lamp gives light at a warm white light, will have the designation 2700 K, which is identical to the color of the light flux of incandescent lamp. Neutral color (daytime) white light similar to the luminescent radiation and has a light source designation 5000 K.

The main feature of the LED lamps is that they can reach the emission temperature to 7000 K, and thus hardly heated. This indicates that all of their energy is converted into useful light. The color of the emitted light can be from the warm yellow shade to cool white.

Useful advice! Making room lighting, which will be the elderly, should be favored lamps with neutral white light. It will age family members to perceive objects in color.

The angle of radiation of LED lamps

Previously, the purchase of conventional lamps, there is no question about what the angle of the emission of the light source. The fact that the incandescent lamps emit light equally in all directions. The angle of the light flux from the LED lamps may be different. And it should be taken into account when selecting products.

If you use LED lamps with highly directional flow in the ceiling chandelier, then, depending on its design, will be covered only a place on the ceiling above or on the floor beneath it. In this case, the main light will not reflect its functions and the room is dim.

Pick up the lamp with the required angle of the luminous flux will table that indicates the angle of dispersion of different models of lamps and corresponding to this value of the designation. Typically, this option is also specified by the manufacturer on the device packaging.

A table showing the angle of dispersion of lamps of different models:

scattering angle (degrees)	technical designation	Forming a lamp lighting
< 8	VNSP	Quite a narrow beam of light
8 to 15	NSP	limited spot
15 to 20	SP	small spot
24 to 30	NFL	unidirectional flow
35 to 40	FL	small stream
55 to 60	WFL	Uniform light distribution
over 60	VWFL	Wide luminous flux

When selecting the angle of dispersion led-lamp lighting is necessary to consider the appointment, for which they will be used. Lamps with highly directional radiation suitable for accent lighting of furniture, decor and small interior areas. Such devices also recommend use of LED desk lamps for your desktop.

radiator functions in the design of led-lamps

To remove heat radiator LED lamp provided in the structure. This is done so that when the extreme heat of the diode chip does not lose the properties of light output. In addition, in case of overheating is reduced and durability of LEDs. The radiator itself is located in between the base and the lamp housing.

Radiators made of plastic coated with shiny film is not able to fully remove the heat and provide a safety diode. But buyers purchasing the lamp heat sink is not visible. In some cases, you can use the simple method: gently knock on the outside the surface of the radiator small metal objects and identify characteristic sound of what he made.

Modern LED lamps have a heat sink made of aluminum or its alloys. The design of such radiators have a spiral arrangement of ribs which are of different lengths. This shape provides good air circulation and heat dissipation quality. Finding your way in the design of the radiator can be based on the cost of the product. The likelihood that you can buy LED lamp at a low price with high quality heat sink is very small.

Types of LED lamps in form and function

LED lamps are available in various shapes and sizes. All lamps with pin connector on the same form. With regard to the threaded connector, the lamp with the cap may have many variants:

• pear shape - the standard form of the lamp, takes the first position in the ranking of LED lamps for the home. Used in overall lampshades. It has a height of from 106 to 126 mm and a width of 60mm;
• spherical shape - these models are mainly used in small circular lampshades;
• shape candles - usually has a cap-type "EP" and is used for narrow and flat lamps;
• shape candle in the wind - creative shape lamp, usually with a dimming function, which provides an incredibly beautiful game crystals;
• lamp reflector - used to create a directional backlight point ceiling lights;
• corn - such a lamp bulb has a similarity with ears of corn.

Useful advice!In lamps of the "corn" external contact diodes are energized. In view of this, they should be installed in a protective cover.

LED lamps can vary not only in size and shape, but also in internal filling. Depending on the functionality of the lamp may have:

• Switching drivers on the chips;
• RGB-LEDs - these bulbs can emit all colors of the rainbow;
• Remote control - to change the brightness is carried over the air with remote control;
• built-in battery feed - work offline;
• the control system via Wi-Fi.

There are special models of lamps that are not intended for use in the home network. These include LED lamps 12V E27. The main use of these sources of light - emergency lighting, manufacturing jobs, building envelope constructions, etc... Low supply voltage ensures the safety of people in the workplace.

The use of LED lamps 12V E27 is also suitable for non-volatile systems of private houses, yachts, boats. These lamps provide a stable brightness neutral white shade. Connecting the devices to the network 220 via the transformer to the LED lamps 12 volts.

illumination standards written student table

Due to the fact that the vision of the child at school age is in the process of formation and perfection, is especially important to choose the right lighting for your desktop, for which he will do. To do this you must take into account not only the location table and lamp, but also to choose the right model lamp.

illumination norms

There is lighting standards for different rooms, as well as for its individual zones. It goes without saying that the most favorable to the human eye (including the child's eyes) is daylight. However, given that the child is in the classroom, often to do homework is necessary at a time when natural light is not enough.

illumination standards for the desktop requires that the light output was flat, soft, flicker-free, does not create shadows and was within 300 lux. Suite - a unit of illumination created by the light flux of 1 lm, distributed over the surface of 1 m². In order to measure the light level using a special device - a light meter.

If a child has a separate room, you must make sure that the curtains in the room as much as possible of the transmitted light and the window does not clutter up the foreign objects. In addition to local lighting desk, in a room where the student is engaged in, you must use the main light. This is to avoid eye strain and fatigue.

Choosing a table lamp model

When choosing a table lamp model should be guided by maximum comfort and safety of the device. The range of these products has dozens of models. For comfort table lamps have a flexible body that allows them to be mobile enough within the table. Alternatively, the lamp may be used to mount on the clothespin, which rigidly fixes the lamp to the surface. The use of these models eliminates the risk of an accidental fall.

Useful advice!Ceiling lamp LED desk lamp for student must completely cover the light source to direct light output does not hurt the eyes.

Which is better: LED or energy-saving lamp? With regards to the light sources used in desk lamps, experts recommend the use of LED lamps is. They emit a pleasant uniform light without pulsation, without bursting, do not emit harmful substances and have a minimum fusing temperature. The lamp shall be chosen with regard to the light was not too rich and not too dim.

Today on sale there were desktop models of LED lamps with dimmer. Such devices have several levels of illumination and sensor illumination control. With dimmer may adjust the brightness to the desired level of comfort. Lamps with dimmer are the latest development in the field of lighting.

Why flashing LED lights: Causes and Remedies

Some consumers, setting the house LED lamps, notice that their functioning is accompanied by flickering. This lighting eyestrain and interferes with vision in general. To understand the causes of such a negative effect, it is possible to find ways to eliminate it.

Why flashing LED lamp is turned on

There are several reasons why the blinking LED lamp is turned on. Why is this happening:

• Incorrect installation - it is necessary to check all the chain of contacts, they should be strong;
• mismatch power adapter lamp used - you can replace the power supply with a new corresponding power;
• significant surges - the driver can not cope with differences, the level of which is within the limits;

• workmanship in the production - it is necessary to replace the light bulb, as this product is warranted;
• switch with light - it is not recommended to use these switches together with LED a light source, since such a device is switched off the circuit is in a closed state and contributes headlight glare;
• mismatch connection wires - the phase of "zero" is to be displayed on the lighting device, and is carried to the phase - to switch;
• availability of electrical household appliances, creating a high-frequency noise;
• expired service life of LED lamps.

But many are facing yet another problem, when LED lamps are lit after turning off. Why is this happening can be found by reading the functional features of led-lamps.

Why LED lights are flashing or lit with the lights off

The reason why the LED lamp is lit when the switch is turned off or periodically flickers, can serve as a switch with LED backlight. If you replace the device with a backlight on a regular switch, flashing lights should stop.

The fact that off wiring devices do not fully opens the circuit: the main power is cut off, and LED backlighting completes the circuit itself. The current passing through the diode charges the capacitor lamp led-driver, causing it either flashes or emits dim light.

Another reason for the LED lamp is lit with the lights off - low-quality product. If you purchased an LED lamp at a low price and its manufacturer is unknown, probably low-power components are installed in such a device. The light sources offered by the leading companies-manufacturers usually use high-capacity capacitors. Of course, their cost is high, but they do not blink even paired with a switch with LED backlight.

Why burn LED bulb

The main causes of failure of the LED light sources is the poor quality of products or external impact. The latter include:

• significant excess of supply voltage - if they have power surges in the power supply, the preference should be given to models designed for 240V or more. You can also resort to the use of protective blocks and rectifiers;

• substandard lampholders - defective cartridges material tends to collapse when overheated, oxidized contacts, thereby creating an even greater heating of the LED lamp cap;
• the use of powerful lamps in closed lampshades, not provided for by the use of powerful light sources;
• Using the frequent on-off LED bulbs - the working life of the lamp is considerably reduced;
• incorrect connection scheme - in case of failure of one lamp fault is transmitted to other light sources in the common circuit;
• poor quality wiring in electrical nodal points - if the compound is recommended to use terminals, soldering or other modern variants compounds.

Useful advice!Use of LED lighting lamps models with external power supplies. In case of failure to have them available for repair or maintenance.

LED lamps for the house: the price of the product

After familiarization with the basic characteristics of the LED light sources becomes clear what the lamp is better. LED products although it has a high price, but the indisputable technical advantages distinguish it among other devices.

Buy lamps by ordering products from online stores, websites of such companies, as well as in the sale of lighting showrooms. The cost of the LED lamp socket Housing 27 E analog 100W incandescent lamp is from 225 rubles. and higher. Price LED lamp with E14 (EP type) ranges from 96 rubles. up to 750 rubles. per piece, depending on the power of the device.

Virtually all products, purchased from the official representatives, the warranty from the manufacturer. The warranty period can be from 2 to 5 years. In addition, any of the acquired LED bulbs can be exchanged for a more suitable model or refund it within a period not exceeding 14 days from the date of purchase.

Useful advice!So that when you return LED products no questions, it is recommended to keep the product packaging.

Products from well known and trusted manufacturers will be significantly different for the price of LED products of questionable companies that serve a maximum of a few months. And the quality of the LED lamps in such poor: the actual light output of such sources is much worse than the declared parameters.

Every year, the mass production of LED products. In this regard, the cost of the projected reduction of about 25-30%. Nevertheless, the return on LED lamps is possible even in the case of acquisition of their current prices.

Review of the best manufacturers of LED lamps

The release of LED products has been quite a number of manufacturers. The only question is how much quality products they produce. To purchase a good-quality and long-life LED lamp, should be familiar with the leading manufacturers of led-lamps that accompany your product long-term guarantee.

LED lamps which company is better to buy? Rating the leading manufacturers include:

• company Philips - occupies the first position in the development of innovative energy-efficient appliances for lighting. The company's products are high quality, durability and conformity of the stated specifications. Prices of products of this brand are quite high;

• German company Osram - a global manufacturer of high-tech in the field of street, office and domestic lighting. Products of the company efficient, long-life, and meets all technical requirements. The high cost of LED bulbs pays off quickly;
• trademark Gauss - manufacturer TPK "Wharton" manufactures products using new technologies. Devices manufactured by the company, environmentally friendly, has an original design and long service life. All products are certified and tested quality control. Products as the best ratio "quality - price";
• ASD company - well-known Russian manufacturer of lighting. It specializes in the production of LED products: panels, lamps, tape, spotlights and so on. Devices work well both in terms of domestic applications as well as in the sphere of production;

• Ecola - a priority of the company is about
  duction of a large range of quality and affordable products. The main line - the release of LED lamps used for lighting in the construction of false ceilings. Products offer low power consumption and long service life;
• GC "Kosmos" - the products are manufactured under the trademarks Space and Supermax. The basic direction - lamps, lamps, lighting fixtures seasonal lighting, batteries. Price products designed for a wide segment of buyers;
• TM Jazzway - specializes in producing all kinds of light sources, as well as extension cords, power supplies, chargers, lamps and other lighting products. Lamps have a strong protective plastic housing. Excellent rate "price - quality";

• Feron - range of the company includes more than 4,000 items of products, including lights, holiday lighting, lamps, accessories. All products are made with the use of nanotechnology and feature high-precision assembly.

Useful advice! Experts in the field of lighting absolutely insist on purchasing bulbs only leading lighting manufacturers.

Getting acquainted with the data table comparison of LED lamps and incandescent lamps, it can be concluded that converting light into electric energy in the led-source occurs without loss and with minimal consumption. Their safety and environmental friendliness makes the replacement of old light sources for LED lighting and sound harmless.