Best plastic windows: manufacturers rating 2019

PVC windows dominate the construction market. Why are they so good? What are the best quality plastic windows? We will try to answer these questions in detail, as well as many other questions.

Expert Opinion

Tsugunov Anton Valerevich

Master-wagon, since 2003 I have been engaged in the repair and decoration of premises, more than 100 completed facilities. I value quality more than quantity!

Hello, friends!

I will give an explanation right away that a window is not an easy profile or an expensive double-glazed window. Window is a complex technological product and its quality is influenced by a lot of components. In the article we tried to reveal all aspects that affect the efficiency and reliability of the design.

I personally participated in the installation and operation more than 200 window blocks, so I tried to give your recommendations under each important point.

For convenience, use the table of contents, it is active! When clicked, you will be taken to the desired section of this useful material.

At the end of the article you will find a rating of the best, in terms of price / quality, profile manufacturers.

Which one to choose?

Design

Metal-plastic (plastic) windows, despite the apparent external simplicity and simplicity, consist of many parts, some of which are not visible during a surface inspection. Each component has its own purpose, they are all a product of innovative production.

The main components of the structure:

• plastic frame (profile);
• reinforcing elements for reinforcement;
• subframe (supporting profile on which the window is mounted);
• double-glazed window;
• fixing strips - glazing beads.

Components also include:

• rubber gaskets;
• hardware items (hinges, handle, latch, other);
• slopes;
• low tides;
• windowsill.

In summer, windows are open for ventilation for a long time. And to prevent insects from entering the house, they are equipped with removable mosquito nets.

PVC window systems are reliable, convenient, fairly inexpensive. Their advantages can also include a high level of maintainability. If any component of the window fails, then it can easily be ordered and changed.

What can be plastic for windows: quality and properties

For the production of frames, two types of PVC are used: matte and glossy.

Samples of the first type are cheaper, but their surface is slightly rough, this can be felt by hand. Such frames absorb dirt like sponges, from white they gradually turn into gray with stains. Qualitatively clean them with standard detergents will not work.

Samples of the second type are more expensive, they are also easy to identify by touch - the surface is smooth, as if polished. Such frames repel dirt; they are easy to clean with conventional appliances and tools. In order not to run into low-quality goods, it is better to buy metal-plastic windows of well-known brands.

Polyvinyl chloride, in addition to many advantages, also has drawbacks that window block companies are forced to consider.

Here are the main ones:

• Low strength. This is offset by reinforcing steel inserts. And also the design is supplied with internal partitions of a certain thickness, which play the role of additional stiffeners.
• Low resistance to temperature changes, low resistance to ultraviolet rays. This is eliminated by adding stabilizing as well as modifying particles to the composition of the polyvinyl chloride. In high-quality PVC, they are not harmful to health.

If a metal-plastic window is a source of an unpleasant pungent odor, then you should refrain from buying it. Most likely, an unscrupulous company saved on high-quality additives, replacing them with cadmium or lead.

• Significant level of linear expansion. The indicator is one to two millimeters per 1000 millimeters of profile length. This feature of the material is leveled by reinforcing, exact calculation of fasteners, and also in the design compensating gaps are provided.

What is a PVC profile made of?

The plastic frame is not uniform. In addition to the plastic base, it includes profile reinforcing elements, gaskets.

Read more about how to choose a PVC profile in our separate article.

The window plastic base is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), this material is two-thirds of the variety of chlorine that is not harmful to health. This type of plastic does not emit a characteristic odor, does not collapse under the influence of low temperatures in winter (extreme - 25 degrees), retains the given shape in extremely hot weather in summer (up to + 65 degrees).

PVC structures have good waterproofing properties, a high level of moisture resistance. PVC window systems are suitable not only for the living room or bedroom, but also for rooms with high humidity (kitchen, bathroom).

Rubber gaskets ensure the tightness of the window system, they seal the contours of the frame, glass. A sealant of this type is specially designed: if it becomes unusable, then changing it without a special skill will not work, you will have to call a specialist. The sealant for the sash and the windows of the double-glazed windows is standard; it is easily replaced if necessary.

In order for the double-glazed windows to sit firmly in the seats, they use plastic fastening strips - glazing beads.

Classes and installation width of a profile in accordance with GOST

Historically, the installation width (the distance between two outer planes) wooden window systems in multi-storey residential buildings in the countries of the former USSR ranges from 58 to 60 millimeters. According to calculations, such dimensions correspond to the temperature specifics of the climate of Eastern Europe. The same mounting width for most plastic windows that replaced obsolete wooden ones. The specified overall indicator is sufficient for the installation of a three-chamber system, popular in our market.

If the apartment is located in the upper part of a high-rise building or the local climate is characterized by strong winds and low temperature indicators, then a four- or five-chamber sample should be installed. Such a window corresponds to an installation width of 70 millimeters.

There is no direct relationship between the width of the frame and the number of cameras. For example, there are models with three cameras, with an installation width of 90 millimeters. The thermal insulation parameters in such a window system are much better than those of multi-chamber analogues.

This is explained by the fact that the thermal insulation properties are not improved by the number of chambers, but by their dimensions and the volume of air mass contained in them.

The main characteristic of a PVC window profile is the thickness of the front walls and jumpers of the inside. Dimensions, types and other parameters of all components of window systems are regulated by the technical conditions of normative acts. In the European Union, these are EN 12608 SR standards. Companies in the former USSR are guided by the norms:

• GOST 30673-99 Polyvinyl chloride profiles for window and door blocks.
• GOST 23166-99 Window blocks.
• GOST 30674-99. Blocks are window made of PVC profiles.

Technical specifications of regulations are almost identical, according to these documents the profile is classified into three groups:

• Samples of the A-class. The smallest value of the thickness of the front wall is 2.8 millimeters, a similar indicator of the septum of the inner part is 2.5.
• Samples of the B-class. The minimum thickness of the front wall is 2.5 millimeters, the same indicator of the septum of the inner part is 2.
• Samples of the C-class. This group includes a profile whose parameters do not correspond to the first two classes, it is called an object. Typically, the wall thickness indices of object samples are less than the similar parameters of models A and B-class.

The scope of A-class metal-plastic windows is heated residential premises; B-class - installation in unheated and heated buildings is possible; C-class - only in buildings without heating.

B-class windows are less durable in comparison with A-class analogues, their service life is shorter. Samples of the C-class most often represent a monolithic system.

Number of Air Chambers

In metal-plastic windows, air chambers have a dual purpose.

• Firstly, they prevent heat transfer between the air masses in the room and on the street (thermal insulation function).
• Secondly, they strengthen the design of the window frame, contributing to the tightness, strength and long life of the window.

Temperature indicators in rooms and in the environment during the cold season vary significantly, this contributes to the formation of water drops in the cavities of the window system. For the removal of moisture outward, special holes are provided (on the "street" surface of the profile). They do not affect the thermal insulation performance of the system. So that the channels are not noticeable, they are covered with special plugs.

On low-quality cheap PVC windows, such technological holes are not always present (they are made at the factory, their presence should be checked).

The most popular are three- and five-chamber frames. If the apartment is located at the bottom of a multi-storey building, window openings face south or west, under the windows If there is no highway or some noisy objects, it is enough to install a three-chamber sample (profile thickness 58 millimeters). The location of the apartment on a high floor, openings facing north or east, the highway near the house is an occasion for the installation of a five-chamber window system (profile thickness 70 mm).

All these recommendations relate to the European climate, but if the weather conditions are more severe, then the installation of five-chamber windows becomes uncontested.

A few years ago, companies began making samples in which chambers are not air mass, but expanded polystyrene. With such a filler, fewer chambers in the profile contribute to a higher level of thermal insulation, which is indexed by a special coefficient.

A five-chamber sample corresponds to a thermal resistance coefficient equal to 0.72 units, and a three-chamber sample corresponds to 0.64 units.

Reinforcement

So that the plastic base of the windows does not deform during operation, it is reinforced, that is, metal elements are inserted into the cavities around the perimeter of the frame. They are made of steel strip with a thickness of one and a half to two millimeters. Billets are usually coated with a layer of white zinc, this protects them from corrosion.

Reinforcing Profile happens with a section in the form of the letter "P" or in the form of a square. The second type withstands significant loads, so window systems with large dimensions are reinforced only with blanks with a square section.

If the frame length is less than 80 centimeters, then according to the regulations, reinforcement is not required.

Profile Options

The window metal-plastic block is a complex system consisting of many components. The polyvinyl chloride profile is used not only for the production of the frame, but also for other purposes, for example: when joining window systems at an angle, when fitting, and so on.

The main types of this profile:

• Connective. This type is used for glazing of complex structures, the components of which are located in different planes at an angle to each other. Typically, such work is carried out in conservatories, greenhouses, loggias, unconventional balconies.
• Expansion (additional). The dimensions of the seat are not always standard and correspond to the mounting dimensions of the window unit. In such circumstances, an additional profile is used for fitting. Its standard width is from 20 to 100 millimeters.
• Installation (stand). This PVC element contributes to the reliable installation of ebbs and window sills, protects the structure from damage during storage and transportation. Standard dimensions (in millimeters): depth - from 20 to 40, height - from 20 to 30, length - 6000. Depending on the climate, choose a profile with two or three cameras.
• Starting. Used when mounting slopes, articulating them together. Separate it according to the shape of the section, which resembles the letters of the English alphabet (F, I, L, double L). This type of profile is connected with glue or hardware.
• Sump bar. PVC part that protects the window from rainwater when the sash is folded. Many companies neglect this useful component, although not all models can be mounted on it. Do not put a drainage bar on colored window blocks because of the risk of deformation at high temperatures.

Colored windows

Most choose white PVC window systems, but there is a demand for multi-colored polyvinyl chloride profilealthough such windows are noticeably more expensive. Color profile properties are different from white.

For example: color warms up more strongly in the summer. Therefore, to avoid deformation, even small-sized parts should be reinforced.

In the manufacture of components from colored PVC, acrylic dyes, lamination, spraying, etc. are used. In elite models, multi-colored curly plates are used. The surface of the window itself can be not only flat, but also round, corrugated, and others.

How to choose a profile, quality certificates

The market of metal-plastic window systems is full of products from various companies. When buying a window, you always want to pay less, but for the product to be of high quality. However, a good window of a famous brand cannot be cheap, and the high price is compensated by its long trouble-free operation. The window unit of dubious origin will quickly break down, you will have to spend money once again to buy a new, better sample.

What to look for when choosing? In order not to run into a fake and be one hundred percent confident in quality, you should only buy goods from a well-known world brand with an impeccable reputation, a long history of working in the market. The profile should be pleasant in appearance, smooth to the touch, without defects or a noticeable unpleasant odor. The dimensions of the window system must correspond to the dimensions of the opening, it is necessary that the indicators of thermal and sound insulation of the profile correspond to the specific location of the apartment, the climate.

Products must be accompanied by an international quality certificate. ISO 9000 and ISO 9001.

• Strength must match DIN 53453 and ISO 179-61.
• Durability of plastic - DIN 53387.
• Profile Hardness - DIN 53456.
• Resistance to high temperatures - DIN 53460 and ISO 306-68.

Most firms produce plastic windows not only for apartments or houses, but also for non-residential technical premises. Such a profile is called an object profile, upon a cursory inspection it is almost indistinguishable from a normal one, there is no marking or there is an inscription “object”.

Physical and mechanical however characteristics of object samples are much worsePVC low grade. In order not to become a victim of fraud, you can buy windows only in large well-known retail chains.

Double-glazed windows: design, landing depth, decorative elements

Double-glazed window - one of the main components of the window unit, which is about 80% of its area. He is responsible for the light permeability of the window, its thermal insulation capabilities. The quality of installation of the glass block in the profile depends on the depth of the seat. In good models, the distance between the frontal plane of the profile section and the outer glass should not be less than 15 millimeters. The optimal value of this indicator with a depth of the window system seat equal to 50–70 millimeters is 18 millimeters. Insufficient landing depth of the glass block will lead to fogging or freezing of the windows.

The glass unit includes sheet glass and chambers filled with an air-gas mixture. To protect the unit from environmental influences, distance frames are used. From the outside, viscous polymer-based compositions (sealants) are applied to them, which are applied in several layers along its perimeter. These polymer compositions also protect the gas mixture in the cavity of the glass block from leaks. To prevent moisture formation in the inner part of the glass unit, a layer of granules absorbing it is placed in the frame.

There are several types of distance frames:

• aluminum;
• steel;
• plastic.

The latter, in turn, are of different types:

• thermoplastic frames (TPS);
• Swingle Strip;
• TGI;
• Super Spacer.

Aluminum is considered the coldest, then comes the steel, and the plastic warmest are the warmest. For example, a Super Spacer product retains 80% more heat than its aluminum counterpart.

To improve the functionality of the double-glazed window, the air chambers of some models are equipped with decorative devices. Usually it is sprocks (weaving), curtains of rolled type, blinds.

In this case, the smallest of the permissible thickness of the chamber should be 20 millimeters. The components are not serviced due to the specific design of the glass block. They are controlled either manually by handles or by an electric (magnetic) drive.

Types of Glasses Used

An ordinary buyer without special skills will not be able to determine the type of glass in the window system that he is going to buy. Visually, they are very similar, so it remains to hope for the integrity of the manufacturer, which in the accompanying documents declares one or another type of material.

We list their main types:

• Energy efficient. A thin layer of silver and titanium oxides is sprayed onto the glass surface, particles of which can only be seen under a microscope. Silver spraying reflects the flow of thermal energy. There are K and I models. The latter are most often used, since their production is simpler and they have more positive properties. If an energy-efficient I-glass is installed on the inside (facing the room) of the window unit, then it reflects the heat from the room inside, and in the cold season the apartment will be noticeable warmer. If it is installed on the outside (facing the street) - the heat from the sun does not penetrate inside, and in hot weather the room will be cooler.

The ideal solution: to assemble a two-chamber thermal package of two i-glasses and one ordinary in the middle.

You can check such a glass by bringing the flame from a candle or a lighter. The reflection will double, the second should be dimmer than the first.

• Multifunctional. During production, metal molecules are applied crosswise and in several layers to their surface. This allows you to reflect infrared radiation both outside and inside. Therefore, it will be 80% warmer with it in winter than with ordinary glass, and in the summer there will be no greenhouse effect, and you can save electricity by cooling the room. The disadvantage is less light transmission (20%).
• Sun protection. When the windows of an apartment fall in direct sunlight in the summer, the air in the room quickly heats up. This can be prevented by installing tinted double-glazed windows. A thin film is glued onto the surface of the glass, which creates the claimed effect by absorbing sunlight.
• Laminated (armored). Such models are made using the technology of manufacturing windshields for a car: the sample consists of several thin layers glued together. This manufacturing method provides high strength glass blocks that can withstand significant mechanical shocks. In case of destruction, the web does not break up into many pointed parts, but is covered by a network of cracks. In addition, these models provide a high level of sound insulation.
• Hardened (Stalinite). As a result of special heat treatment, stalinite obtains a safety factor of six to seven times greater than that of untreated glass. Able to withstand significant mechanical shocks, sharp parts are not formed upon destruction.
• Reinforced. When reinforcing, a metal or transparent plastic mesh is used. Such glass has a high level of safety and strength. Improve anti-vandal and anti-burglary properties of windows.

• Self-cleaning. A layer of a special substance is sprayed onto the outer surface of the glass, which does not allow dirt to accumulate. In this case, the window unit always maintains a high level of light permeability.

Almost all types are made on the basis of float glasses, which are cast sheets. They cast at a temperature of 1000 degrees, have an almost perfectly flat surface.

Glass unit sizes

In massively demanded window blocks, sheet glass of various types is used, the thickness of which is from 3 to 6 millimeters. Thicker in residential buildings use irrationally. Sheets with a thickness of 8, 10, 12 millimeters are cast according to special orders, used in buildings with unconventional architectural solutions or at special purpose facilities. About 90% of all produced double-glazed windows are 24, 26, 32 millimeters thick. With such standardization, it is easy to find a replacement for a broken block.

The physical properties of glass impose some restrictions on the dimensions and proportions of structures made of this material. The length of the side of the glass block should not be less than 300 millimeters, and the maximum possible proportions are five to one. For double-glazed windows with one camera, where the glass thickness is 4 millimeters, the largest allowable area is 3 square meters. If the thickness is 5 millimeters, the allowable area is 4.2 square meters.

Depending on the particular location of the apartment, as well as local climatic conditions, the number of cameras in the glass block is selected. Almost always, the choice is between one or two cameras, such samples completely satisfy all the requirements for thermal insulation.

There are window systems with three or four cameras in a glass block, but they are too heavy (some up to 100 kilograms). Significant weight complicates operation, quickly disables hardware. If during the installation of one- or two-chamber double-glazed windows there remains a need for additional thermal or sound insulation, then for these purposes alternative methods exist.

Sealing of double-glazed windows

In order for the air chamber of the glass block of the window to maintain high thermal insulating properties, and the glass to remain transparent, a two-layer sealing is performed along its perimeter (edges). The first layer is a non-solidifying, viscous-butyl-based composition that protects the camera from contact with the external environment.

The sealant is not affected by thermal deformation, a remote perforated frame slides on the glass without damaging it. The second (upper) layer is a hardening viscous-fluid composition on a polymer basis, due to its elastic properties, it maintains the integrity of the glass unit under thermal deformations.

Air chamber filling

The main requirements for the window system, in addition to light permeability and the ability to ventilate the premises, are good thermal insulation and sound insulation. The level of these parameters largely depends on the contents of the glass block chamber. Initially, companies producing metal-plastic windows pumped dry air into the glass packet, whose properties corresponded to the requirements for the level of thermal insulation and sound insulation. However, there are more efficient gas mixtures. We are talking about inert gases: krypton and argon. They are colorless, odorless, characterized by low thermal conductivity, high ability to absorb sound waves.

If we compare the performance of the air mixture and the indicated inert gases, it turns out that the thermal conductivity of argon is lower by a third, and krypton - by two-thirds. Many profile brands are gradually refusing to pump air into the chambers of the glass block, using more efficient inert gases.

Distance Assignment

In order not to decrease the level of all declared properties and characteristics, the design of the plastic window should maintain the constancy of geometric parameters. A significant role in fulfilling this condition is played by the gasket between the sheets of glass, called the distance frame. Such a part has a dual purpose:

• First: it guarantees the constancy of the thickness of the air chamber of the glass, that is, the gap between the glasses.
• Second: the distance frame is filled with moisture-absorbing granules. For communication between the moisture-absorbing layer and the gas filling of the chamber, the surface of the frame is perforated. Such a system does not allow glass to freeze or fog.

In most cases, the width of the distance frame is from 10 to 16 millimeters, the maximum allowable size is from 6 to 24 millimeters.

If the dimensions of the described strip do not fit into the allowed range, then a noticeable increase in the thermal conductivity of the glass unit and a violation of the original shape of the glass are possible.

Typically, the gasket is made of metal: aluminum alloy, zinc coated steel or high alloy steel (stainless steel). The thermal conductivity coefficient is lower than that of other metals used, however, stainless steel frames are more expensive and heavier.

The disadvantage of metal gaskets is their higher thermal conductivity compared to the same gas parameter in the glass block chamber. This difference slightly reduces the thermal insulation efficiency of the window unit. Some companies, in order to mitigate the disadvantage, make distance frames from polymer materials.

We recommend choosing plastic or composite products, they retain heat as much as possible.

Double-glazed Performance

Plastic windows differ in many respects from archaic wooden counterparts, one of the main advantages is the multifunctionality of the glass block, its complex design.

A double-glazed window is characterized by many parameters. The main ones are:

• Thermal conductivity. 80% of the window system area is in the glass block. Therefore, if you put in a frame even with five or six cameras a thin double-glazed window, then the overall energy efficiency of the window system will be very low. In a quality design, the heat transfer resistance of all components should be equally high. To achieve maximum values ​​for this indicator, the glass block has three methods: increase the number chambers, replace air in them with a more effective gas mixture, and also apply a special coating on glass. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages; in a quality sample, a balance of different methods must be observed. For example: the more cameras, the higher the weight of the structure, which means that its operation is complicated, the price rises significantly. A more effective and promising method of reducing the thermal conductivity of the window system is the injection of inert gases into the chamber, as well as special coating of glasses (silver and titanium oxide). The combined use of such techniques increases the energy efficiency of the window up to 70%.

• Sound insulation. Three methods are usually used to improve this parameter. First: injection of inert gas into the chamber (argon, krypton), which enhances sound insulation by 10%. Second: an increase in the dimensions of the distance frame, every two millimeters of the width of this gasket, also increase sound insulation by 10%. Third: mounting acoustic films on glass and installing triplex on the outer contour of a double-glazed window.

• Security. With all its advantages, glass has significant drawbacks - fragility, the appearance of fragments during its destruction. Three methods are also used to increase strength. First: the use of stalinite, its hardness is five to seven times higher than conventional samples. Heat treatment does not impair other characteristics of the material, such as light permeability, thermal conductivity, sound insulation level, and others. Second: the use of the triplex technique, when the glass consists of several glued thin sheets, alternating with a transparent polymer film. Upon destruction, such a sample does not decompose into fragments, since they are retained by the film. Third: reinforcement, a mesh of polymer or metal is used as the reinforcing layer.

• Sun protection properties. To mitigate the unwanted effects of direct ultraviolet rays, you can use mirrored or tinted glass, which absorb and reflect about half of the solar radiation.

Signs of poor-quality double-glazed window

Reliably determine how high-quality glass block a window system can only be done by a specialist. However, there are a number of signs indicating the questionable quality of the goods, which can be seen without special skills:

• Marking designation. It includes the trademark of the company, release date, information about components. If there is no labeling, then this is the basis for suspicion of the dubious origin of the goods.
• The integrity and transparency of the glass surface. During inspection, chips and cracks should not be detected, etc. No condensation may accumulate inside the bag.
• Sealing quality: assumes that the distance frame is without traces or fragments of mastic, and the top the polymer layer deposited along the outer perimeter of the glass block is homogeneous, without tubercles and cracks. If the sealing is carried out carelessly, it is better to refuse the purchase.
• Compliance with the proportions and dimensions. You should measure the glass diagonally with a tape measure, and if the lengths differ by 3 millimeters or more, then the geometry of the block is not maintained. With a caliper, you can measure the thickness of the block at different points, the maximum permissible deviation is 1 millimeter.

Attentiveness and a couple of elementary measuring tools will help determine how high-quality the window is. If you find any of the listed signs of unfair work, you can’t buy a product, even if its price is low.

Number of seal loops

One of the main advantages of metal-plastic window systems over traditional wooden ones is tightness. To achieve it and maintain it throughout the entire period of operation, sealing circuits are used that do not allow cold air in the winter and moisture in the summer, keep the room warm. They also contribute to achieving a given level of sound insulation.

The sealant is pressed into the grooves of the profile along the entire perimeter. There are models with two as well as three sealing loops. The first option: one circuit is mounted on the street side, the other in the apartment along the perimeter of the wings. The second option: one more row of sealing element is added to the two indicated, the third contour is laid in the middle of the fold of the wings. Models of the second option, of course, are more expensive.

According to the location of the sealing contours, plastic windows are divided into three categories:

• One inside, the second outside. This type is the most popular, most companies stop at it. The internal element retains its declared properties longer, since it is not affected by the destructive effect of the environment. The outer element gradually loses its integrity and original properties, moisture penetrates into the window block. However, due to the specific geometry of the window, water is removed through holes in the profile. Disadvantages: when the external sealant loses its declared qualities, the thermal insulation properties of the entire system are significantly reduced. Due to the penetration of moisture, the hardware rusts, fails.

• One inside, the second in the middle of the fold folds. More reliable option than the previous one. The outer element is outside the zone of direct environmental impact, therefore, retains its properties longer. The specifics of its location protects the fittings from the ingress of water, which is discharged by means of drainage. Another advantage of this option: the wind presses the outer element against the stop, increasing the tightness of the system.

• One inside, the second in the middle of the fold folds, the third outside. The middle element forms a pair of air chambers, in the first one moisture is collected and removed, in the other - there are accessories that do not get water.

Expert Opinion

Tsugunov Anton Valerevich

Master-wagon, since 2003 I have been engaged in the repair and decoration of premises, more than 100 completed facilities. I value quality more than quantity!

Does it make sense to overpay for reinforced window block sealing?
This option slightly affects the cost of the window. Thanks to the triple seal, the period of operation of the accessories is significantly extended, it retains the declared properties of thermal circuits longer, and the level of thermal and sound insulation increases.

The answer to the question is found: it is worth paying for the third sealing circuit !!!

Types of sealant, requirements for it

Basic requirements for sealing material: strength, elasticity, preservation of declared properties during thermal differences, health safety, color fastness during the entire period of operation.

The most common types of seals are:

• Thermoplastic (TPE). Advantages: they change shape during compression, are suitable for automatic assembly of the window block, they are easy to weld, inexpensive, can be replaced by the user without special skills. Disadvantages: at extreme temperatures, and constant exposure to the rays of the sun quickly collapse.

• Silicone. Advantages: wear resistance, not afraid of extreme temperatures and environmental influences. Disadvantages: high cost, not always available at retail.

• Ethylene Propylene Rubber Samples (EPDM). Advantages: wear resistance, not afraid of extreme temperatures and environmental influences, cheaper than silicone sealant. Disadvantages: to replace, you must call a specialist.

• Rubber. Advantages: the same as silicone or EPDM, plus - low price and the possibility of self-replacement. Disadvantages: at extreme temperatures and constant exposure to the sun's rays are destroyed.

• Samples from Shlegel Q-Lon Foam. Advantages: quickly restore shape after compression, are not afraid of extreme temperatures, and environmental influences, high level of thermal and sound insulation, retain color throughout the period operation. Disadvantages: in case of violation of the integrity of the shell, they lose their properties, to replace it is necessary to call a specialist, high cost.

In order for the sealing material to serve as long as possible, it should be cleaned and lubricated a couple of times a year (before summer and winter). Do not use solvents for this; it is better to wash the seal with water and a neutral detergent. When it dries, grease with glycerin or silicone oil.

Shtapiki: appointment, types

The function of glazing beads in metal-plastic windows is to fix the glass block in the frame. In addition, this part contributes to a high level of sealing, as well as thermal and sound insulation of the entire window system. To mount it in the profile, a landing groove is provided. Shtapik is a long rail made of polyvinyl chloride, equipped with a rubber seal. Over time, it wears out, and the glazing beads have to be changed. This process is simple and does not require special skills. In order not to violate the style of the window unit, the new slats should match the frame in color.

The described components are classified according to the shape of the section of the profile: it is square, round, curly. For window systems with one camera, wide glazing beads are used, with three - narrow, with four - reinforced. In stores you can find the described parts not only from polyvinyl chloride, but also from glass composite, which are identical in properties to their analogs from PVC.

Accessories: characteristics, types, popular brands

Such important window system parameters as thermal and sound insulation, light permeability depend on the frame and glass block. Hardware performs no less important functions, the comfort of using the entire system, the period of service depends on its quality. Accessories are not only a set of devices (hinges, latches, handles), but also a well-coordinated mechanism responsible for opening - closing the shutters in all positions, air exchange, sealing.

Fittings are mounted around the entire perimeter of the frame. Its main types:

• Turning. Similar to the mechanism used in wooden window systems, sashes rotate around the axes in a vertical plane.
• Movable. The frame moves in the plane of the opening. Such a mechanism is advisable in window systems of a large area, when glazing balconies, loggias.
• Hinged. The rotation of the valves is possible along the horizontal axes, the rotation angle is 180 degrees. To comply with this parameter, a special limiter is set. The transoms can recline up and down.
• Universal. The most complex pattern: the flaps rotate around the axes in a vertical plane, and also recline along the horizontal axes with the fixation of the lower edge. One of the options is selected by moving the handle to a predetermined position.

The permissible design load on the hardware mechanisms is from 50 to 135 kilograms. This is enough for window units installed in many apartments. The usual, relatively inexpensive snap-in, which is installed in most popular windows, theoretically must uninterruptedly work out 10 thousand consecutive manipulations (closing, opening, ventilation mode, other). Expensive mechanisms produced by well-known brands are designed for 50 thousand consecutive actions. All hardware must be made of alloy steel. The use of less strong metals is allowed only for components that are not experiencing stress. The use of plastic in the mechanism is unacceptable.

If these rules are not respected, then there can be no doubt that such hardware is a base fake.

The most famous profile companies: Siegenia-Aubi, Maco, Winkhaus, Roto, GU (Gretsch-Unitas).

Detailed article on the topic: What hardware is better for plastic windows: reviews, rating

Hardware Accessories

The described mechanism consists of many devices and parts that provide ease of use of the window system, here are the main ones:

• Reciprocal levels. Installed on the inside of the frame perimeter, purpose: to ensure tight closing of the sash. The minimum number of these parts is four units. If there will be less of them, then the tightness will be broken, the thermal insulation properties of the window will decrease.

• Blocking device. The device protects the mechanism from breakage during improper actions, contributes to a high level of security for using the window unit. You can check its presence as follows: open the sash with the handle in the folding position, if at the same time the transom hangs only on the lower hinges - there is no blocking device.

• Hinges. There are the following: hidden (opening angle 100 degrees), screw (mounted on threaded pins), overhead. Overhead type parts are collapsible, non-collapsible, tilt-and-turn, swivel, high security (anti-hacking). In the furniture mechanism, loops are conventionally divided into samples of the lower or upper group.

• Handles. High-quality models are made of aluminum alloy or brass, plastic coated on the outside. Cheap, plastic quickly break. There are safety handles (against breaking), they are equipped with a locking device that prevents the sash from opening from the outside. The shape is divided into curly and flat. The most high-quality products are brands Roto, Maco.

• Angle Switches. These nodes provide a displacement of the locking device in the corners, translating the sash in the swing-turn state, consist of steel plates.

• Locking trunnions. These hardware elements protect the window unit from unauthorized opening. The trunnions are installed together with the brackets (reciprocal, locking), do not need settings (they are automatically adjusted depending on the fold backlash), they ensure smooth running of the locking device.

• Locking hardware. These elements should provide all manipulations with the window (closing, opening, folding). There are three types: basic, intermediate, auxiliary. Auxiliary are located near the hinges, are responsible for the tight vestibule of the frame. The main ones depend on the type of hardware mechanism. Auxiliary, as a rule, are various locks against breaking.

If, when using the window system, a backlash appears in the operation of the locking fittings, or, conversely, the movement of the mechanism is difficult, it means that it needs to be set up. In the absence of a special skill, it is better to call a specialist to adjust.

Slopes and ebbs

Window Block Installation Complete trim slopes. These are fragments of the opening framing a window around the perimeter from the side of the street and apartment. Their decoration plays a rational and aesthetic role.

• Rational: the level of thermal insulation increases, as well as the service life of the entire system.
• Aesthetic: the window with the trim on the slopes looks beautiful.

Detailed article on the topic: What is better to trim the slopes of plastic windows?

There are several finishes: plaster, drywall, plastic sandwich panels. Plaster slopes are used, as a rule, in buildings for public or industrial purposes. Advantages: wear resistance, versatility, simplicity of the process, low price. The main disadvantage: low level of thermal insulation.

Slopes from gypsum cardboard, which is laid on a layer of heat-insulating material, are in demand, then the surface is primed, covered with a building composition, painted. The advantages of this finish include a high level of thermal insulation, a long service life. Disadvantages: complicated long installation, the possibility of use only from the side of the room.

The most rational option for processing slopes is the installation of plastic sandwich panels. This building material repels moisture, is impervious to steam, is characterized by a high level of thermal insulation, it does not appear fungus or mold. You can also add to the advantages of quick easy installation, versatility, a long period of service. There is only one drawback: the relatively high cost.

The joints of adjacent slopes should be covered with liquid plastic, which in composition is similar to PVC, while the integrity and shape of the butt joints are not violated throughout the entire period of operation. It is impossible to use silicone for these purposes, since it will not protect the slopes from mold, after a few weeks the integrity of the seams will be broken, everything will have to be redone.

The tide is mounted in the lower part of the opening from the side of the street, it is a sheet with a curved edge, made of plastic or iron, of various sizes. In addition to the decorative purpose, this detail protects the wall, as well as the window from the effects of the external environment, and removes melt or rain water.

In order for the ebb to perform the above tasks, it is important to observe the installation rules:

• The sheet is set at an angle to the street.
• The tide is inserted into the groove under the window and screwed to the stand profile, but not on the front of the window!
• There should be no gaps between it and the wall.

Most often, the ebb is made of thin (thickness from 0.5 to 1 mm) rolled steel. The blank is covered with layers of white zinc, polymer, varnish, this contributes to a long period of operation. The dimensions of the workpiece depend on the window opening, the standard width (reach) is 14, 18, 25, 45 centimeters.

For sound insulation of the ebb, its reverse (lower) side is pasted over with a layer of vibration-absorbing material. And the ebb itself is additionally glued to the mounting foam.

Additional features of PVC windows

The popularity of plastic window systems is explained not only by their characteristics and stylish appearance, but also by their versatility. The main functions are already described in this article, we list some additional:

• Mosquito sections. It is a plastic frame with a polyester mesh of different bandwidth. Appointment: with the casement windows open, prevent the penetration of insects, fluff, dust into the room. It is fixed in the frame at special mounting angles or pressed with metal brackets.

There are also grids with magnets, Velcro and roll. The latter are very convenient, do not need to be removed, just lift them up like roller blinds. The downside is the high price and difficulty in maintaining cleanliness. Frame mosquito nets can always be easily removed, washed and put on the balcony or in the pantry.

• For owners of cats, there are samples with a reinforced mesh that maintains integrity after contact with the claws of the animal.

• Vent valve. Mounted in the upper sector of the window profile, purpose: automatic air exchange, which does not require the opening of the wings. Advantages: the ability to adjust the air exchange rate, the device is easily cleaned with a vacuum cleaner, there is no noise during operation, you do not need to connect it to the electric current network. There are models (recuperators) that, due to the design features, use the thermal energy of the exhausted air mass to heat the supply.

• Devices for adjustable air exchange: comb, rotation limiter, clamp for stepwise tilt of the sash. The restrictive comb is designed to fix the window sash, while ensuring the ventilation of the room in a given mode. The width of the gap between the sash and the frame is from 1 to 7 centimeters. The comb will not allow you to open the window wider for small children or pets, which is an additional safety measure.

• The rotation limiter secures the sash at a distance of 6 to 8 centimeters from the frame, this gap is enough for the influx of fresh air mass. Similarly, the latch acts for a stepped tilt of the sash.

• Crevice ventilation. The air exchange mode in which air flows from the street through a slot (4-5 millimeters wide) in the upper sector of the window. The gap is formed when the handle is rotated 45 degrees up.

• This function is also called “winter airing”, since it does not create drafts and significant heat losses.

• Child protection. Children's locks do not allow the baby to open wider than the sash. Most often, devices that block the rotation of the transom are used; handles are removable and lockable with a key.

Companies producing plastic translucent systems are constantly improving their design, so the number of additional options will increase.

Window sills for plastic windows

In addition to decorative window sills many practical purposes. For example: a shelf for pots with vegetation, a child’s play area, a cat’s sitting area, an additional countertop in the kitchen for storing utensils or household appliances. Profile companies produce samples from different materials, colors, dimensions. Window sills in PVC, particleboard or MDF, stone (natural, artificial), wood are in demand.

• Stone are environmentally safe, durable, withstand heavy loads. The disadvantages include significant cost and weight.
• Wooden window sills, again, are environmentally friendly, beautiful, pleasant to the touch. However, they have many shortcomings: quick wear, high cost (especially if made of valuable wood), they are afraid of condensation.
• Options from MDF or particleboard are not affected by moisture, temperature extremes, ultraviolet radiation, cheap. Disadvantages: low level of strength, the presence of different chemical compositions (glue, resin, etc.).
• PVC window sills have almost no drawbacks, unless you can mention that they are made of artificial material. The advantages are many: they are not afraid of moisture, temperature changes, the effects of ultraviolet rays, cheap, durable, high level of thermal insulation, easy to clean. They withstand significant loads, the value of which depends on the number of stiffeners.

Window sill installation - This is not the kind of work that can be done without special skills, devices and materials. For installation, you should hire specialists from a profile company that has long been working in this area. A competent master will observe all the nuances of the installation technology: a standard ledge with a length of 5 to 10 centimeters, the angle of inclination of the plane of the windowsill, etc. Such work requires the skill of using certain building mixtures, adhesives, polyurethane foam, hardware.

Options for window systems

The block may consist of one leaf or several. There are four standard models of a metal-plastic window from which blocks are formed:

• Deaf. The opening leaf is not provided, a simple design, the cheapest sample. They are used in the corridors of public buildings or in rooms where the openings are too high.
• Swivel. The opening sash rotates around the axis in a vertical plane. There are no application restrictions, they can be used everywhere.
• Hinged. The shutter opens partially in the upper sector of the window, is at an angle to the plane of the frame. Installed in sanitary facilities, bath rooms, entrances of apartment buildings.
• Swing-out. The most convenient example, the transom opens as in rotary and folding models, an option is selected by turning the handle. There are no application restrictions, they can be used everywhere.

The number of opening options in the block, as well as their type, depends on the characteristics of the room; blind, pivoting, and hinged windows can enter one system.

Production

Some companies producing translucent PVC structures have a full production cycle, while others are assembling blocks from purchased components. The first include large firms that have long been working in the core market. Owning a full cycle, they control the quality of the product at all stages of its production. And also large companies invest significant money in innovative developments.

Using such a business model, they produce the highest quality window systems in compliance with all norms and standards. The second group includes beginners or companies that initially focused only on assembly. Some are trying to minimize production costs while purchasing low-quality components.

Companies manufacturing translucent PVC structures are required to have certificates of conformity, such as RAL and DIN EN ISO 9001: 2000.

Installation of metal-plastic windows is carried out by both the brands themselves and third-party companies.

The PVC profile is made by extrusion; the raw materials include polyvinyl chloride granules, stabilizing and modifying elements, titanium oxide, dyes, etc. PVC granules are produced almost all over the world. Extruders make PVC blanks. Before turning into a part for a metal-plastic window, they undergo processing on many machines. The equipment used is: milling cutters, miter saws, drilling and reinforcing machines, clamps, welding machines, etc.

The impact of PVC windows on health and the environment

The development of world industry over the past 150 years has led to significant damage to the ecosystems of our planet. Therefore, the safety for the health and nature of any product manufactured in an industrial way is one of the most important parameters. Polyvinyl chloride is a non-natural material obtained by chemical synthesis. However, it is not hazardous to health, this is confirmed by many independent examinations conducted by research centers around the world. Of particular concern were some additives that provide the PVC blanks with the declared qualities, but new technologists completely level the possible harmful effects of these additives.

Environmentalists were also worried about the presence in the profile of lead and adhesive, which was used to attach the laminating film. In older models, lead was used to prevent the loss of the original color of the workpieces, in addition, they were passive type lead compounds that do not pose a threat to the environment. In the new models, lead is no longer there; it has been replaced by zinc and calcium compounds. They also use safe polyurethane adhesive.

The problem of recycling plastic is an acute problem, but it concerns mainly plastic containers and packaging. There are two methods for the disposal of used PVC profiles.

• First: using it as an unconventional raw material for generating electrical energy (pyrolysis method). The specificity of the process eliminates toxic emissions into the surrounding ecosystem.
• Second: processing the old profile into raw materials for the new. Translucent PVC structures are designed for half a century of service, so gradually there will be more effective processing methods.

Summarizing the above facts, we can conclude: plastic windows are safe.

Installation Recommendations

The quality and long period of uninterrupted operation of a window system depend on two components: the properties of the window itself and compliance with the installation technology. The shops offer to buy products from the EU, China, Turkey, the best plastic windows are made by well-known European companies, especially German ones. European counterparts are more expensive than others, but not dramatically, such windows, subject to operating rules, will last 40-50 years.

Expert Opinion

Tsugunov Anton Valerevich

Master-wagon, since 2003 I have been engaged in the repair and decoration of premises, more than 100 completed facilities. I value quality more than quantity!

Installation is no less important component. According to statistics, 80% of problem situations when using PVC windows are a consequence of violations of the installation technology. It is best to order the installation of a branch of a well-known European company that owns a full production cycle. Such a contractor always carries out installation in a quality manner, draws up relevant documents, issues a warranty card for using the window.

If it is not possible to order installation services of a European manufacturer, then you should choose a third-party contractor with a good reputation. This kind of information is available on the Internet, you can easily find out: how long this company has been working, what are the customer reviews, what are the guarantees, etc. It is better not to contact a contractor who is little-known or offers too low prices. Even if the installation is done by a reputable company, it is still worth monitoring the progress of work.

Installers must use a special construction foam compound (for example, "Tytan"). To dry and protect the foam layer from ultraviolet radiation, a special sealing tape (PSUL) should be used. It is hidden from the sun's rays by external slopes or nashchelniki.

Read a detailed article on the topic: Which foam is better for plastic windows?

What windows are better to put in the apartment (by room)

Here are some more tips for installing different window systems in the rooms of apartments for various purposes (recommendations are designed for the average European climate):

• A four- or five-chamber profile with a glass block with one or two cameras is suitable for the living room. It will be enough to fill the air chambers, it is not necessary to overpay for models with inert gas. You can refuse from energy-efficient glasses.
• The office often has to be ventilated, and sound insulation is also important for the workplace. Therefore, a profile with five cameras is suitable for it, a glass block with two or three. Due to frequent ventilation, a quality hardware mechanism is important.
• It should be warm in the children's room and bedroom, the same windows will fit as in the study, but you can choose models with inert gas in the double-glazed window and energy-efficient glass.
• In the kitchen, a high level of sound or thermal insulation is not necessary, so a profile with three cameras is suitable for it, a glass block with one or two. Due to frequent ventilation, a high-quality hardware is needed, and a ventilation valve can also be installed.

Features of winter installation, construction waste removal

There is an opinion that window replacement should be carried out only in spring or summer, but this is nothing more than a myth. Replacement is possible in the winter, it just has a number of features, although there are still temperature limitations.

• The minimum temperature at which such work is allowed is 15 degrees below zero. At lower values, the mounting foam loses its properties, rubber sealing materials are tanned, as a result of which it is impossible to adjust the flaps.
• The window unit cannot be installed “from the wheels”, it should be brought to the apartment a day before installation, this will exclude thermal deformation of the window components.
• When replacing, sealing foam compounds of a special frost-resistant type are used.
• Necessarily among the equipment there should be a “heat gun”, which is heated by joints with foam on the outside, waterproofing tapes, as well as PSUL. In order not to cool the room, you can use a heat shield during installation.

Exposing old windows and bags with construction waste to the garbage bins in the courtyard can be fined.

Garbage together with dismantled frames should be taken to the city landfill. When concluding an agreement with a company, it is better to include this item in the mandatory list of works, paying for it. All major contractors provide similar services. Alternative: call a small company specializing in transportation, they usually provide such services.

Read more: Where should construction waste be thrown away?

Rating of plastic windows by quality in 2019

What plastic window systems are better to put? The answer to this question depends on the taste, financial capabilities, the specific location of the apartment or house.

Here are the most popular brands of high quality:

Editors' Choice: VEKA, REHAU and KBE. These are the most common and time-tested profile manufacturers!

• VEKA (Germany). About half a century of work. Models: SOFTLINE, SWIGLINE, EUROLINE, ALPHLINE, SOFTLINE 82, PROLINE. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• REHAU (Germany). 70 years of work. Models: SIB-DESIGN, INTELIO, BLITZ, GENEO, BRILLANT-DESIGN, EURO-DESIGN. Advantages: high quality, wide range. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• KBE (Germany). Almost 40 years of work. Models: KVE SELECT, KVE 88, KVE ENERGY, KVE EXPERT, KVE EXPERT PLUS. Advantages: high quality, wide selection, relatively low price. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• SALAMANDER (Germany). 45 years of work. Models: Design 2D, Streamline, Design 3D. Advantages: high quality, original appearance. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 15,000 rubles.
• MONTBLANC (Germany). 13 years of work. Models: LOGIC, QUADRO 70, CITY 120, TERMO 60, ECO Advantages: high quality, low price. Disadvantages: the products are not certified in the post-Soviet space. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• KALEVA (Russia). 20 years of work. Models: Kaleva Design, Kaleva Vita, Kaleva Standart, Kaleva Deco. Advantages: high quality, original appearance. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• PROPLEX (Russia). Almost 20 years of work. Models: PROPLEX-Premium, PROPLEX-Optima, PROPLEX-Lux, PROPLEX-Comfort. Advantages: low price. Disadvantages: some models are outdated. Price: about 8500 rubles.
• DECEUNINCK (Belgium). 20 years of work. Models: FORWARD, FAVORITE, EFORTE, FAVORITE SPACE. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: some models are outdated, high price. Price: about 10,500 rubles.
• TROCAL (Germany). 60 years of work. Models: InnoWave, InnoNova 70A5, Balance. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• ALUPLAST (Germany). 40 years of work. Models: IDEAL 2000, IDEAL 4000, IDEAL 7000, IDEAL Advantages: wide selection, high quality. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• SOK (Russia). Almost 15 years of work. Models: SOK-570, SOK-470. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: incomplete production cycle, small assortment, high price. Price: about 12,000 rubles.
• SCHUCO (Germany). 30 years of work. Models: Schuco AWS 65 BS, Schuco AWS 112 IC, Schuco AWS 90 SI. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• LG Chem (South Korea). 35 years of work. Models: L 600, L 700. Advantages: high quality, stylish look. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 15,000 rubles.
• WDS (Ukraine). 15 years of work. Models: WDS 8 Series, WDS 7 Series, WDS 400, WDS Advantages: good quality, adaptation to the post-Soviet market, low price. Disadvantages: in some models, PVC darkens over time. Price: about 7000 rubles.
• PANORAMA (Russia). 15 years of work. Models: Standard, Standard Plus, Premium. Advantages: good quality, low price. Disadvantages: incomplete production cycle, small assortment. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• EXPROF (Russia). 17 years of work. Models: EXPROF AeroTherma, EXPROF Profecta, EXPROF Suprema, EXPROF Profecta Plus. Advantages: good quality, wide selection, low price. Disadvantages: in some models, PVC darkens over time. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• GEALAN (Germany). About half a century of work. Models: Gealan S 9000, Gealan S 8000 IQ, Gealan S 3000, Gealan FUTURA. Advantages: high quality profile and accessories, a large assortment. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 12,000 rubles.
• BRUSBOX (Russia). 15 years of work. Models: BRUSBOX Aero, BRUSBOX Super Aero. Advantages: good quality, low price. Disadvantages: a small assortment. Price: about 8000 rubles.
• WINTECH (Turkey). 20 years of work. Models: Thermotech 752, PoletechW80, Isotech 532. Pluses: good quality. Disadvantages: high cost. Price: about 10,000 rubles.

Prices are for three-leaf window systems; prices for different retailers may vary.