The column foundation is one of the most common in private construction. It combines reliability and economy, speed and simplicity of implementation with little labor costs. This is one of the types of foundations that you can perform with your own hands is relatively simple .
Advantages and disadvantages of columnar foundations, the scope of their application
The columnar foundations are used mainly for wooden light buildings: small 1-2-storey houses made of logs or timber, frame-panel houses, bathhouses, cabins, arbors, greenhouses, canopies andetc. In these cases, such a foundation has undoubted advantages over other types of foundations:
- Cost-effectiveness of .This is the most inexpensive type of support for the house( 2 times cheaper than other types), which allows you to save significant funds during construction.
- Fast and easy to build .Such a foundation can be built even by one person in a fairly fast time.
- Reliability of .The pillar foundation provides a reliable, solid foundation for the building, has a long service life.
- Versatility of .This type of foundation can be used on any ground( except for the heath), with any terrain character.
- Minimum of preparatory work for and waterproofing process.
The disadvantages of such foundations are the impossibility to use it in the construction of heavy buildings, to build a cellar or a cellar under the house.
Basic types of pillar foundations
Depending on what materials the developer has, what skills he possesses, and what facilities are available, the type of column foundation is chosen. So, as a material for the pillars, you can choose wood, brick, monolithic concrete. Wood is the most fragile and short-lived material, therefore it is used mainly for temporary buildings, pretreated with antiseptic and waterproofing compounds and materials.
Brick pillars for the foundation are the most accessible by manufacturing technology, are much more durable and durable than wooden ones( serve up to 100 years), allow to build two-story houses. But working with a brick on the foundation laying is very laborious. A burned brick, which is required for construction, is quite expensive and it can be difficult to find.
Column foundation technology
Preparatory work for .They include cleaning the site, its layout, in which the top layer of the soil is removed and the surface is leveled. Then the plot is marked, observing the right angles with high accuracy, fixing the axes, in accordance with the design. They dig holes, positioning them strictly along the axes. If the pits have a depth of 1 m, you can do without strengthening their walls. At a greater depth, the pits are made wider and with slopes, and in them, with the help of boards, fastenings with spacers are made to prevent soil shedding.
Formwork device .Do formwork of boards with a width of 100-150 mm and a thickness of 40 mm. The straight side at the installation is put to the concrete. It is possible for the formwork to take plywood( moisture resistant), chipboard, sheets of iron. The formwork can also be non-removable, in which case asbestos cement and metal pipes( diameter not less than 100 mm) are used.
Reinforcement, foundation pouring with concrete .The reinforcement is produced in the longitudinal direction, using metal rods of 10-14 mm. In addition, it is necessary to make horizontal bridges of 6 mm wire. Rods should protrude 150 mm above the foundation so that they can later be used to connect the frame of the column to the grillage. Pouring of concrete is done in layers of 20 cm, followed by ramming. It is necessary to make a waterproofing of the foundation, for example, roofing material.
Installation of grillage .Connect the jumpers to each other, applying trim cuttings, and welding them. Then the formwork is assembled, the frame is made of reinforcement, and the concrete is poured. After the final hardening of concrete and gaining its normative strength, carrying out works on waterproofing, the pits are covered with soil and the slabs are mounted.
Execution of the swing is a brick wall between the pillars of the foundation. This wall is needed in order to protect the space under the building from cold air, rain and snow. Technological openings must be arranged in it, through which communications are conducted and ventilation is carried out.
Thus, the columnar foundation is the optimal solution for building small light buildings by oneself in conditions of budget saving, and any developer with minimal skills can cope with the process of erecting it.
