Purpose of storm sewage - removal of rain and meltwater from the roadway, sidewalks and squares. Livnevka settles down on city streets, in yards, on the territory of industrial enterprises, as well as in private households. Uninterrupted operation of storm sewage is necessary to ensure not only the beauty and convenience of movement: stagnation of water contributes to the destruction of the foundations of the structure, facades and sidewalks. The rainwater passes through the system of settling tanks, is cleaned of mechanical impurities, after which it is discharged into the ground or enters the system of urban treatment facilities, thereby improving the ecological situation.
Purpose of storm sewer
Device and types
Rainwater drainage systems are a complex engineering structure consisting of elements of the appropriate designation. To the system of storm sewerage are:
- Trays, troughs for drainage of water from the surface;
- Sewer pipes for the transport of rainwater;
- Sprinklers with grilles;
- Inspection wells for revision;
- Water catchment reservoirs, which unite drains into the main;
- Sand catchers and dust collectors;
- Filters.
Depending on the method of execution of the storm drainage system, there may be a point or a linear drainage system. Each system has its disadvantages and advantages.
Point type tankers are made using closed grids, rainwater receivers, which are installed in places of greatest accumulation of rain and meltwater: under drainpipes, in door pits, as well as in places of use of industrial water. When performing a point-type storm sewer on sites with a waterproof coating, it is necessary to withstand the envelope slope towards the rainwater intake. After collection, the water passes through the pipes to a system of sedimentation tanks, sand catchers and filters and enters the common highway. The advantages of such systems include ease of installation, safety and ease of use, greater capacity for collecting water from the roofs of buildings. To the disadvantages is the difficulty of installing this type of storm shower to drain the surface of large roads and sidewalks.
The
stormwater drainage scheme. Linear storm sewage is a system of gutters with a slope towards the collector well. It is often used to remove rainwater from the road and pedestrian parts, asphalted areas. Linear rainstorm should be performed with the use of dustbins and sand catchers, since it is possible to get into it a significant amount of sand and street debris. For easy operation and safety, grilles, flaps and ladders are used. The advantages of such a system are large volumes of water disposal from asphalt roads and sidewalks. Of the serious shortcomings - the need for regular maintenance and removal of sand and debris from the gutters, the possibility of rapid clogging.
Most modern storm drainage systems are equipped with clogging and overflow systems. The control equipment is installed in inspection and collector wells, water collectors. Alarm systems facilitate the service of the storm shower.
Preparatory work for
The work on the installation of storm sewage begins with the development of the project. The technical task is determined by the customer, after which the project organization, on the basis of the initial data, carries out a project including calculations, a plan for laying and installation of storm sewage elements and estimated documentation.
Sample of the drainage system of the house
For calculation, the following information is required:
- average annual and seasonal rainfall and their intensity for a specific region;
- volume of storm water, including drainage from the roof;
- type of coating of the surface to be dried;
- drainage area;
- location of underground communications.
Based on the specified conditions, the throughput of gutters is determined by their diameter. When implementing the laying plan, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the site's relief and the requirements imposed by SNiP to the slope of drainage systems and their diameter. For private buildings, pipes with a diameter of 100-150 mm are most often used, the slope should be at least 0.8 cm per meter of pipe. The depth of the bookmark is also regulated by SNIP and for pipes up to 200 mm is at least 30 cm in the southern regions and no less than the depth of freezing of the ground in the northern regions. To reduce the depth of the gasket, you can use a heater, the average depth in this case is approximately 70 cm.
Installation of pipes and installation of wells
Location of underground communications
Installation of sewage systems is better entrusted to specialists - their capabilities are much wider, from the experience of laying and installation,application of special equipment. Service systems are best left to the same firm. Installation of the system includes several stages:
- Mount external sewage system - gutters from roofs, linear drainage chutes.
- In accordance with the designed laying plan for the required depth digging trenches, compact the bottom and make a sand pillow. At the same time they observe the necessary bias. They lay pipes or trays in them, connect them.
- In places where rainwater receivers are installed, as well as in areas where the system is connected to the main, sand catchers are installed and, if necessary, filters. Mounted under the external gutters, rainwater receivers, while carefully sealing them, install grills and garbage cans.
- Digging foundation pits for wells. Sightwells are installed in the areas of pipe branching, as well as on long sections of a single pipe. Collectors - in areas where storm sewer branches are combined. Wells - the most important elements of rainwater drainage systems. Precisely and rationally, their installation will ensure a long-term operation of the system and the possibility of revising and cleaning the rainfall for decades.
- Connect all the elements, connect the monitoring system, if it is provided by the project. After that, the system is tested, pouring several buckets of water into various water receptacles.
- Bury the trenches and compact the soil.
Piping in some areas is necessary
Maintenance of storm sewage systems
The maintenance consists in the timely cleaning, removal of debris and sand from gutters and pipes. To do this, open the protective grilles, if necessary, repair them or change them. Pipes on long sections are cleaned through inspection wells. Also check the correct operation of the control sensors.
Timely cleaning of the storm shower is not only a guarantee of its trouble-free operation. Garbage and sludge, settled on the bottom, can accumulate harmful elements, increasing the concentration of heavy metal compounds in sewage, which negatively affects the environment. Particular care should be taken to clean the storm drainage system where water is discharged directly into the ground or into a reservoir.
Filters must be periodically cleaned from branches, sand and other debris
