Closely located groundwater is the underlying cause, high humidity in the house and the rapid failure of the foundation. In order to eliminate these troubles, it is necessary, when laying the foundation, to perform its waterproofing and drainage works. In the event that this list of works has not been done in a timely manner, you can produce them even after the construction of the house. The device of drainage and water removal requires some physical effort, but it can be done independently, without the involvement of specialists.
drainage scheme in the house
Types of drainage
The way of drainage depends on the design of the house. If the building has a basement or a basement, drainage is done by the wall and placed it close to the foundation. In the absence of these rooms, ring drainage is performed. Its feature is the location at some distance from the walls of the building, depending on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater it can be up to 4 meters.
Step one - cleaning and work on waterproofing the foundation
Work on the waterproofing of the foundation is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of the drainage system. When performing waterproofing, the foundation must be bare - to dig from the outside of the trench deep to its base. The width of the trench should ensure the convenience of work, usually it is 0.8-1 m. The surface of the foundation is cleaned, removing the old waterproofing, soil debris, other contaminants. If necessary, you can cover it with an antiseptic. After cleaning, the foundation must be dried. Drying the foundation in a natural way can take several days, or even weeks, so it is advisable to use a heat gun or a construction hair dryer.
Waterproofing can be carried out in different ways:
- okleychnaya - using roll materials, for example, roofing material;
- coating - using bitumen mastic;
- penetrating - with the help of special means based on cement with chemical additives.
For a private house without a basement floor, it is usually used a waterproofing pasted on a bituminous mastic and the subsequent gravel backfilling of the trench. In addition to the goal - waterproofing the foundation - this method improves its thermal insulation and extends the service life. The merits of the method include the fact that it does not shrink, and allows immediately after the backfilling of the gravel trench to build a blind - an additional measure of protection from erosion of the soil near the foundation.
Do not forget to lubricate the foundation with water repellent paint before drainage works.
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drainage system. The ring type drainage system used in private building is carried out at a distance of about 1 meter from the foundation walls. Begin the drainage device, as in the waterproofing stage, from digging trenches along the perimeter of the building. The depth of the ditch for drainage should ensure laying of the pipe below the foundation level, its width depends on the diameter of the pipe and the thickness of the backfill layer, and is usually 0.5 m. It is also necessary to create a slope towards the wells of at least 1 cm per meter of pipe length.
At the same time, excavation pits are being dug for inspection wells - they are usually installed in the corners of the house, they are needed for the revision and inspection of the drainage system. In the lowest place, a pit is dug under a collector well, where all drains from the drainage system will be collected.
The bottom of the trench and excavations is leveled and covered with a layer of river sand in 15-25 cm, it is rammed, pre-pouring with water. Lining the bottom with geotextile - a special cloth that passes water and protects drainage from soil contamination. The width of the fabric should allow to completely wrap the tubes together with the backfill and provide an overlap. The edges of the canvas are temporarily fixed on the walls of the moat. Rubble on the fabric with a fraction size of 50 mm, the thickness of the backfill - up to 20 cm
Prepared pipes are prepared. You can use the usual, for external sewage, pre-drilled them at a distance of 6-8 cm with a drill, the diameter of the drill is 2-6 mm. Pipes are laid in a prepared trench, connected and covered with rubble with a layer thickness of 10 cm, and then covered with free edges of geotextile. With a complex configuration of the foundation, connecting elements for sewer pipes are used.
Connectors for the drainage system
Pipes are connected to the manhole and to the collector. The pit for the collector arrangement is prepared similarly to the trench, and a perforated tank of suitable size is used as the tank. Place the collector better at a distance of at least 5 meters from the walls of the house. To avoid swelling of the soil, the walls of the excavation are strengthened and arranged with a sand cushion. The top of the collector is located at the level of the soil and covered with a lid, the depth of the reservoir must exclude a massive ingress of groundwater into it. From the collector, water is drained off-site by unperforated pipes into gutters or natural reservoirs. After installing the system, the trench and pit are covered with earth.
Doing this drainage does not require global financial investments, while it allows you to drain the wet areas and protect the foundation of the house from dampness. With the correct arrangement of the drainage system, the foundation remains dry, which extends the life of the system and increases the thermal insulation properties. Also, we advise you to read the information about the device of surface drainage by yourself.
