- Route of electricity transportation
- What else is important to know?
Route of electricity transportation
So, as we have already said, the starting point is an electrical station, which, in fact, generates electricity. To date, the main types of power plants are hydropower( HPS), heat( TPP) and nuclear( NPP).In addition, there are solar, wind and geothermal el.station.
Further from the source, electricity is transmitted to consumers, which can be located at long distances. To carry out the transmission of electricity, it is necessary to increase the voltage by means of step-up transformers( the voltage can be increased up to 1150 kV, depending on the distance).
Want to know why electricity is transmitted at increased voltage? Everything is very simple. The fact is that when the voltage increases, the current decreases, which means that the resistance in the wires decreases. This is necessary in order to reduce the current loss.
Accordingly, from the station, electricity is transferred to the step-up transformer( if necessary), and then the transmission of electricity to the central distribution substation( central distribution substation) is carried out with the help of power transmission lines. The latter, in turn, are located in cities or in close proximity to them. At the central distribution station, the voltage drops to 220 or 110 kV, from where the electricity is transferred to the substations.
Then the voltage is again lowered( already up to 6-10 kV) and the distribution of electrical energy occurs at transformer points, also referred to as TP.To transformer points, electricity can be transmitted not via power lines, but by an underground cable line.in urban conditions it will be more appropriate. The fact is that the cost of the exclusion zone in the cities is quite high and it will be more profitable to dig a trench and lay the cable in it, rather than taking up space on the surface.
From transformer points, electricity is transferred to high-rise buildings, private sector buildings, a garage cooperative, etc. We draw your attention to the fact that the voltage on the TP is once again lowered, already to the usual 0.4 kV( 380 volts network).
If you briefly consider the route of transmission of electricity from source to consumers, it looks like this: a power plant( for example, 10 kV) - a step-up transformer substation( from 110 to 1150 kV) - a transmission line - a step-down transformer substation - a TP( 10-0,4 kV) - residential buildings.
That's the way electricity is transmitted by wire to our house. As you can see, the scheme of transmission and distribution of electricity to consumers is not too complicated, it all depends on how far the distance is.
It's easy to see how the electrical energy enters the cities and reaches the residential sector, you can see in the picture below:
More details about this issue are told by experts:
What else is important to know?
I also wanted to say a few words about the points that overlap with this issue. Firstly, research has been carried out for quite a long time on the topic of how to transmit electricity without wires. There are many ideas, but the most promising solution for today is the use of wireless technology WI-Fi. Scientists from the University of Washington found out that this method is quite feasible and began to study the issue in more detail.
Secondly, to date, AC transmission is transmitted via AC, and not constant. This is due to the fact that the converter devices, which first rectify the current at the input, and then again make it variable at the output, have a rather high cost, which is not economically feasible. However, the throughput of DC power lines is twice as high, which also makes one think how it is more profitable to implement.
Here we have considered the scheme of electricity transmission from source to house. We hope you understand how electricity is transmitted at a distance to consumers and why high voltage is used for this.
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