Barn with your own hands

Build a barn with your own hands - is not such a difficult task, but without such a construction on the backyard you can not do, especially if the site is new, and the construction of the house only is still planned. At this time, the barn will become a shelter for craftsmen, a repository for their tools , and later will be a workshop or a good warehouse for firewood and garden utensils. Therefore, the fenced with should begin to be equipped with the installation of this facility.

Site Selection

NelI set the barn where have - you first need to carry out zoning, since it must be remembered that the building will not serve one year and can become a hindrance to other buildings or spoil conceived landscaping territory. Therefore, it should be allocated a place that will not be suitable for agricultural or decorative planting, the device of a gazebo, a garage, a bath, a toilet and other buildings. If you install a barn in the far corner of the site, it not only does not interfere with the work process, but it also becomes a protection from prying eyes.

. But if in the future plans to build a wood-burning machine in , do not remove the shed from the main building too, since it will be difficult to reach it in winter, and firewood should always behand.

By selecting a suitable area for installation, you can proceed with the next steps.

Site preparation

The first thing to do after selecting a location is to mark the site. It is usually marked with pegs, placed at the corners of the future structure. string - is pulled on pegs so it will be easier to control the level of the foundation to be laid.

The foundation for the shed can be made in many ways, and the choice will depend on which material the will be built from. Most often the shed is built in a skeleton type, but some owners prefer to build such to the and out of bricks.

Frame structure is much lighter than brick, so you can choose for it a monolithic, columnar or ribbon foundation, or you can install it on concrete blocks of relatively large size.

Under the same brick structure, the is suitable for the ribbon and monolithic basement variant. You can, of course, adapt to it and columnar, making a jumper between the posts, but it's quite troublesome. To choose a suitable foundation for nt for , I conceived the structure, you need to know what they are.

Monolithic foundation

Monolithic foundation although is the most expensive and laborious in installation, but it has several advantages over other types of substrates.

• It is durable and durable, therefore, even when the wooden structure of comes into disrepair, on the old foundation it will be possible to erect a new one.
• Having arranged such a foundation, the owner receives not only the basis for the walls, but also the finished floor of the barn.
• If the concrete is hardened with topping, the floor does not require additional flooring. But if you want it, you can put linoleum or tile, ie .The concrete base gives the the full right to choose its decoration.

The construction of such a foundation is as follows:

• A not very deep excavation is digging on the marked area, as the shed is light non-residential premises, does not require insulation of basis. Therefore, the total thickness of it can be 300 ÷ 350 mm, ie .the underground part of it will be 200 ÷ -250 mm, and the above-ground one will be 100 ÷ 150. Even if the walls are built of brick, half a brick thick( and usually not required for a shed), such a base height will be enough for it.
• On the prepared area it is necessary to loosen and remove the soil by 400 ÷ 550 mm in depth.
• Then on the bottom of the foundation pit you need to arrange a 100-millimeter sand cushion that will waterproof foundation nt star. Sand should be watered, carefully tampered.
• The gravel is laid on the sand in the same layer. She, too, is tamped to the max. Crushed stone will make the foundation more durable and will not allow it to sink.
• A formwork is installed around the foundation pit, 100-150 mm high above the soil level.
• The is then mixed with a coarse concrete mortar, which is laid on the gravel with a layer 7 - 10 cm thick and evenly distributed throughout the foundation pit - this will be a rough screed.
• Then the reinforcement lattice with cells 60 ÷ 100 mm is immediately laid. Its can be fixed with staples from a wire, stuck them in several places in a black screed.
• If the floor area of ​​the shed is large enough, then after the roughing clamp is seized, it is necessary to align with the height of the beacon formwork. They will be necessary for the convenience of leveling the surface.
• Next, a thinner cement-sand mortar, made in proportions of 1: 3, is poured and leveled by the rule along the guide beacons.
• The construction should be given a few hours for setting, and then cover with its on top of the polyethylene film for uniformity of hardening.
• If surface is to be strengthened with topping, this process runs on a wet surface that has just been seized, but is still .

Belt foundation

Belt foundation will require less expenses, but after arranging it, will have else to make the floor of boards, plywood or also to fill the screed, but thinner, since this kind of foundation is intended only for the basis of wall constructions. It can be made , both under brick walls, and under the frame wooden.

• For a tape base along the perimeter of the marked area, a trench is digging, about 100 ÷ 120 mm wider than the thickness of future walls. The depth of the trench, as well as the monolithic foundation, should be 400 ÷ 550 mm.
• Laying a sand pillow and reinforcing the with is done in the same way as with a monolith.
• Further, the trench is enclosed from the outer and inner side of the formwork, which must be with a height of 200 ÷ 350 mm.
• On the the gravel layer is installed welded from the reinforcement, it is desirable that it is 50 to 70 mm high below the upper cut of the formwork.
• Further a concrete mixture is poured into the formwork and is taped with a bayonet shovel to remove air that can form inside the cavity concrete, which will weaken the structure.
• The top of the filled foundation is leveled on the upper edge of the formwork, and the structure is left to freeze.
• When the concrete solidifies, formwork is removed from the substrate.
• Inside the foundation, it is best to fill in the fine fraction, it will heat up, and will waterproof the floor, and will not allow the rodents to start up, since they simply do not live in the without .

Column foundation

The column foundation is used to erect a frame structure. Install it as follows:

• The area allocated for the shed is marked specifically for the columnar foundation, since the supports should stand on the defined distance from each other, usually it is from one to one and a half meters.
• The required number of pits with a depth of 350 ÷ 450 mm, width at the top of the approximately 400 × 400 mm is scraped through the marking.
• A layer of 100 mm of sand is poured onto the bottom of excavated pits and the same amount of rubble. Each of layers is well tamped.
• The next stage of the is the waterproofing flooring made of polyethylene film , it must cover the pit and leave the to the surface, to the height of the of the future posts, plus 70 ÷ 100 mm.

• A pit form is installed in each pit - a box without a bottom. Inside it, the waterproof film is spread and fixed by staples on its top. At the height of the box, the shed will be raised from the ground.
• A reinforcing welded or wired structure is installed in each formwork box.
• After this comes pouring concrete solution. From above, on the formwork, it is leveled and left to freeze.
• While is on , the , if is desired, you can perform the following work, which will reduce the ingress of moisture into the barn room. To do this, 50 ÷ 70 mm of the fertile layer is removed around the posts, and sand is poured and tamped around it, and fine crushed stone is poured on top of it.
• After hardening of concrete, the formwork is removed from the columns and then it will be desirable to cover them with a waterproofing material, for example bitumen mastic or liquid rubber.

Video: barn on the column foundation

Foundation of the concrete blocks

This kind of foundation is suitable for the only for the frame structure, and its installation - is the simplest of all the above.

• First the marked area is cleared, with the fertile soil layer is removed for 50 ÷ 70 mm.
• Instead of the extracted soil is covered with a layer of sand, watered and tamped.
• On top of it is laid a layer of fine gravel, which also needs to be compacted.
• Further, lay concrete blocks of the required height on the prepared area along the perimeter. The distance between them should not be more than one and a half meters. Blocks must be leveled using a level.

After the foundation of any type is ready, it is necessary to lay the waterproofing from the roofing material in 2 - 3 layers on its surface.

Video: construction of a shed on the basis of concrete blocks

Installation of a frame, roofing and wall covering

As the most common way of building a barn is a frame structure, it is worth considering its .This design is popular because the installation of by its is quick and simple enough. The main - keep under constant control the evenness of the installed and stacked bars. Correctly assembled and processed design reliably will last 10-15 years. Works are carried out in stages.

• All wooden parts are recommended to be treated with an antiseptic to prevent the decomposition of wood, to prevent the appearance of foci of mold or fungus, of insects nests.
• First you need to take four solid logs, section about 150 × 150 mm, two of which are equal to the length and two - the width of the future structure. On their ends are chosen grooves for fastening wooden parts among themselves. Further, these beams are laid on the waterproof foundation.

• The support beams are fastened together in corners using metal corners. The should be fixed to the foundation with a through fastening or a metal corner.

• The construction of the frame of walls can be carried out in two ways:

- each of the walls with taking into account the windows and doors is assembled in a horizontal position and set up in a finished form vertically. But in this case you can not do without helpers;

- in the second variant, each of the bars is installed separately according to the pre-designed drawing, and then they are fastened already in the place of installation. This way of connecting frame elements is much more complicated.

• The entire structure must be rigid , so if necessary in the frames of walls, floor and ceiling perpendicular jumpers are installed.

• All parts are connected with one-quarter or in " half-wood " , are fastened with special metal corners.

• It should be remembered that the front wall of the barn must be higher by 200-300 mm of the rear, in order for the roof to have a ramp.

• After the construction of the frame of the walls and connecting them together, the crate of the roof is arranged.
• battens battens are fastened to the -defined - distance, it will depend on what material is selected for the roofing. For example, under a soft roof or shingles it is necessary to lay plywood sheets. But, basically , for covering of economic buildings use profiled sheeting, metal roofing or slate. The sheets of these materials - are quite wide, so they are fastened directly to the crate roof. In this case, the step of laying the parallel bars in the horizontal orientation( perpendicular to the direction of the ramp) should be of the order of 500 - 600 mm.

• When the frame structure is covered by the roof, you can proceed to the floor and walls. The flooring( if a wooden floor is planned) are laid on the logs and fixed to them with screws.
• Walls can be sheathed in two ways: only from the outside or from the outside, and from the inside.

1. If you want the building to look neat and fit well into the landscape design, it is topped with a modern vinyl lining. Inside, plywood is used for plating.

boards If the barn serves as a workshop in which it is planned to work up to the coldest, the walls of the building can be additionally insulated with mineral wool. For this purpose, heat insulation mats are laid in the frame of the battens between the lining and plywood.

2. If the inside of the shed is not planned, then outside it can be decorated with a denser plywood or thick enough planks with grooves so that there are no cracks in the plating. However, the board's skin also looks original enough, with overlapping of the upper elements on the lower ones( by the type of shingles).

• When the construction is finished, installs window frames in the if windows, a door frame and the door itself are provided.
• If the shed is installed on a column foundation or concrete slabs, the bottom through part of the structure( sub-floor) must also be sewn. The sheathing is fixed to poles or concrete slabs. As a covering can be used flat slate, usual boards or a vinyl lining.
• The trough is fixed to the rear of the roof to drain rainwater, otherwise the water may leak under the shed, and this is undesirable for any construction.
• Then you need to view the entire room from the inside, if there are any gaps, they are covered with a mounting foam.
• If the shed is raised on a high foundation, then it is necessary to make a ladder of several steps. It can be made of wood or composed of bricks, and then plastered with cement mortar.

Video: erecting a wooden shed on a solid foundation

There are many different options for building a barn, and they use different materials for them. But if the building is erected not for one year, and you want it to serve a long time, you need to choose quality materials for work, and also to approach each stage of the process with care.