The one who delivers food to the market, will never be the loser. Just two arguments are enough to confirm this postulate. First, the population of the planet is constantly increasing, and this is an irrefutable fact. Secondly, natural resources are inexorably depleted.
Fish has always been in high demand, therefore, such a business as its breeding in an artificial reservoir, by definition, will be cost-effective. How to organize it, what it is necessary to know and consider, what "pitfalls" have to be overcome - everything is described in detail in this thematic review.
The term fish breeding probably does not quite accurately reflect the essence of the business, which is planned on a small scale. But it is this category of readers that this article is aimed at. To organize a full technological cycle, large financial investments are required( in fact, this is already a whole fishery).
The main reason is the complexity of the process of growing fry( the so-called planting material).In addition, alone or even the whole family to deal with is useless. The lack of qualified specialists in this field of aquaculture is unlikely to ensure the success of their own business.
Pros of this business
There will be no problems with the sale, which means that the permanent income is secured( average profitability at the level of 9%).Partly about the profitability of food production has already been said. But mostly in the sale of fish found freshly frozen, smoked or in the form of canned food. But you can not say anything relatively fresh. Its transportation to long distances requires large expenditures, respectively, and the market price is quite high. Breeding and marketing in their region, given the small number of competitors, it is more than profitable.
Cons
They should also be aware of, in order to determine for themselves the feasibility of organizing such a business.
- It will begin to pay off( depending on the technology of growing and the type of fish) not earlier than a year through 2 - 2.5.
- Considerable initial organizational costs, even when choosing the easiest method of breeding.
What kinds of fish are advisable to grow
There are a lot of them, but experts and those who are engaged in this business, recommend to stop the choice on carp or trout .They are in constant demand, and the process of breeding is not something difficult, so it is desirable to start with them. And carp is preferable, as care for it is easier, and costs, primarily for feed, will be somewhat less.
Methods of breeding fish
In the cages
This technology is considered the most convenient and least expensive, as it will not have to engage in catching fish throughout the reservoir - it is already compactly placed in separate "sections".The main problem is connected with renting a pond( of course, it does not go about a small dacha speech).
Exemplary procedure for
- Specify who owns the pond. The main owner is the state, but some small lakes, especially ponds - the municipality or private person.
- To discuss all the details, write a statement.
- Obtain a license for the type of activity.
It may be necessary to issue other documents, but there are not so many of them.
- Rental of a reservoir automatically implies the hiring of a certain part of the adjacent territory. This imposes responsibility for its content, which is indicated in the license.
- According to the new Water Code, the agreement is concluded for various terms - up to 20 or 25 years. But only on a competitive basis.
Fish breeding tanks can be either purchased or manufactured independently. In any case, you need to take into account that young animals need to be protected from birds of prey, so you will have to think about how to enclose the sections from above. For example, a grid.
In the pools of
They are also called closed water installations( USV).Convenience of the method is that in the presence of a land lot of sufficient area, everything can be organized on site, without accepting anybody's conditions and without signing various papers. But for UZV it is necessary to mount a special indoor room. Its general appearance and technological scheme are shown in the figures. The approximate cost of the installation is from 1 200 000 rubles. Self-assembly of individual components will cost less, but the main elements of the scheme and a number of materials( pipes, etc.) still have to be purchased. Therefore, to meet less than 850 000 rubles is unlikely to work.
Additional costs
- The room must be heated. So, it is necessary either to pull the road from the residential house( and at the same time to change the boiler equipment to a more powerful one), or to purchase another heating boiler( directly for heating the pavilion from the RAS).
- Redundant power supply. Regardless of how the supply of the site is organized, it must be continuous in the pavilion for fish breeding. Stopping the same compressor only for a short time, taking into account the number of inhabitants of the reservoir per unit volume, will lead to their oxygen starvation and death. Therefore, just like for a boiler - either take a high-capacity diesel, or a separate unit for redundancy, with the installation of an appropriate automation for emergency switching.
- Rent of a land plot. If the business is planned, rather than breeding a small amount of fish for own consumption, then there will not be enough dacha or adjacent territory.
- Development of a business plan. Given the significant investment, starting fish farming "by eye" - clearly not the best solution. Therefore, you will have to pay for specialist services in order to optimize costs and reduce the time of full payback of the project.
In the pond
The difference from the first method is that you do not have to rent a pond if it is your own. Buy a pond( now it's possible) or arrange yourself - it's the details.
Features of breeding
- With intensive reproduction of fish will have to make artificial "feeding" of water with oxygen. Therefore, without a compressor, filters, hoses and some other elements is indispensable.
- In winter, if the ice cover covers the entire body of water, it is necessary to cut holes to ensure air access.
- One of the components of care is the systematic "thinning" of algae. Their excess can lead to the fact that the fish will become crowded. Plus, you need a sterilizer, especially for a small pond - it prevents the flowering of water.
- Bottom cleaning should also be done regularly. Equipment designed for these purposes is inexpensive, so it makes sense to purchase immediately.
For land owners - the best option. The productivity is lower than when the fish are farmed in the RAS, but the costs are lower by an order of magnitude.
The organization of a mini-factory for breeding fish does not make sense. This is a serious business, and profile specialists are involved in it at the planning stage. And they do not need to learn something. The same applies to breeding in small containers( barrels, boxes).There are also such recommendations. Such a business is unlikely to bring income, although it does not require almost any expenses.
Unfortunately, the author is not in a position in one article to consider all issues relating to the characteristics of fish farming. For example, what is the difference between intensive and extensive methods, continuous and cyclic technologies. In these subtleties the reader will have to delve into himself.
The main thing is that the general concept of such a business is already there. Therefore, when starting planning, you need to read in parallel and special literature - the recommended feed compositions, signs of diseases and how to deal with fish ailments. So, you have to buy something extra. Without considering all the features of the breeding, an explanatory business plan will not work out.
Ways to increase the profitability of the business
Organize your own processing of fish
If it is not possible to sell fresh fish in full, why not smear it yourself or make canned food. And from factory equipment much is not needed. For example, the same smokehouse is easy to assemble with your own hands from improvised materials.
Paid fishing
If the pond is your own, then on the pond it's nice to organize paid fishing. This issue will have to be coordinated with Rybnadzor, but the advantages are obvious. And additional income, and cleaning the pond from weedy fish. For example, perch, crucian carp, roach will eventually appear.
Many experienced fish breeders recommend paying the most serious attention to the paid fishing service. First, the demand for live fish is unstable. Secondly, its sales still need to be debugged. This will take some time to gain a reputation as a reliable supplier. As for the amateur fishermen, those who wish to catch in a calm pond, knowing that the result is guaranteed, will always be in excess. So, and the proceeds to the cashier.
Frequently Asked Questions
How to register a business?
It all depends on the volume in which it is supposed to breed fish and where( how) to sell. If it is a question of wholesale deliveries, it is better to act as a legal entity, that is, register as an LLC.It is with them that they prefer to deal with large companies( sellers, intermediaries and so on).IP is more convenient in terms of taxation, but you will have to think about selling yourself. For example, open your own outlet or rent a place in a nearby market.
Where can I get the "starting" capital?
Practice shows that a loan in a bank is not the most rational solution to the problem of shortage of money. Why? On the payback has already been said - the business will start to yield revenue only after a couple of years. Therefore, the minimum loan period is 3 years. Considering the existing rates, a significant amount will be given( in the form of interest).Another thing is to organize the breeding of fish on shares, or borrow from relatives, friends, good acquaintances. At someone and under the interest, but it will clearly be lower than the banking. And someone will give money with the prospect of acquiring in the future fresh fish at a reduced price.
