The device of sliding gates by own hands

Sliding or sliding gates are a complex mechanism, but, nevertheless, they have become, because of their convenience, widely used both in industrial facilities and in private households. There is a mass of manufacturers making ready gates and accessories to them, a skilled workforce quickly and competently will produce installation, but those who want to save and apply creative energy in the business will be interested in the device of sliding gates with their own hands. As it is quite possible.

Types of sliding gates

The sliding gates come in different designs, eachof which has its advantages and disadvantages. Let's note them.

Suspended sliding gates

These gates were most often used at the entrances of enterprises and other protected areas. At a considerable height, in order to be able to enter the freight transport, a metal beam was mounted, and already not not e with the help of roller carriages the door leaf was suspended.

This design is enough reliable , and so far such gates, created more than 50 years ago, are working, but now they are applied little for two reasons:

• The upper beam still limits the dimensions of the opening gate.
• Such a design is very material-intensive and what was allowed in the times of the SS SR pr and the then prices for metal, is now simply unacceptable.

Roll-off gates

This is the simplest design of sliding gates and theoretically the most reliable .Door leaf, standing on the rollers, travels on a special rail, located on the surface. The gate is still maintained at one top point at the point where the gate leaves at the opening. Such a gate is best used there, where periodically and permanently clean the territory, which in Russian conditions is often unattainable. The usual snowfall easily blocks the operation of such gates, and making them work again is very difficult.

A significant advantage of such a gate is that they need to leave behind for the opening exactly of the opening, and in conditions of space deficit it can be the determining factor for making a decision inuse of such a design.

Console Sliding Gates

In order to ensure that the gates do not have space limitations from above and there was no contact with the ground rail, cantilever sliding( sliding) gates were invented. This is the most complicated construction of the gate, but these "victims" are absolutely justified. The door leaf of such a gate does not have contact with the surface, but is suspended on cantilever roller blocks using a guide beam. Most often, such a beam and roller blocks are located at the bottom of the gate.

There are times when the guide beam and roller blocks can be located in the middle or even on top of the door leaf. This can be justified when the cantilevered units can hang the on the building's main wall or there are any building structures or structures capable of withstanding loads from the door leaf. Otherwise, the will have to build an power structure for the gates, which is not always profitable.

That's why, in most cases, use cantilever sliding gates with the lower location of the bearing beam.

Description construction and console

work The basic diagram of the sliding gates with the bottom location of the console can be seen in the figure.

The door leaf is mounted on the frame( 1) of the profile metal tube. To the frame is welded the bearing beam( 2), which has a special profile, inside which the roller carriages( 3) fit tightly. The beam can move along with the gates to the left and right along the carriages, ensuring the opening and closing of the gate. Obviously, the beam and roller carriages bear the greatest load, especially at the moment of their closing or full opening of the gate. In order to unload the gate when fully closed, an end unloading roller( 4) is used, which enters and rests against the lower catcher( 5).In the other part of the gate, for the fixation of the canvas when fully open, the end roller with the catch can also be used, but in this scheme it is not visible.

To ensure that the gate does not have lateral rolling there is a guide with rollers( 7) and an upper catcher( 6), fixing the blade in the closed state. To prevent contamination and foreign objects from entering the , plugs( 8) are used in the .The whole construction of the gate is mounted on the of three main power elements: the support post( 9), the counter post( 10) and the foundation for the roller carriages( 11) on the . If the already has enough strong supports for the gates( brick, concrete or metal), then they can be used as a reference and return posts, and if there is no , then the will have to be constructed separately from the profile metal pipe. The foundation for the console in any case will have to be built separately.

In the sliding gates it is quite easy to realize the electric drive, which is fixed between the roller carriages. To drive the canvas to its side surface, fix the toothed rail. The drive is provided with a control unit, as well as various safety devices.

Advantages of cantilevered sliding gates

Roll-out gates of cantilever type have several advantages:

• Such gates do not have opening flaps and therefore do not reduce the useful area of ​​the territory, and with the accidental opening of the gate there is no danger of damaging the transport facility of the facing them.
• The door has no lower or upper limits in size.
• Abundant snowfalls do not interfere with the operation of the console gate, since the canvas is hung about 10 cm above the ground.
• All rolling elements ensuring the operation of the gates are located inside the beam, therefore they are not affected by weather factors. In the movement of the gate, even the child can lead, thanks to a thoughtful design and low friction.
• The powerful foundation of the console and the well-designed system of keeping the door leaf in a vertical position allows you to withstand such gates large wind loads.
• Rolling gates are easiest to equip with electric drive and safety features.

The drawbacks still exist for sliding gates, but there are not many of them:

• Console sliding gates are one of the most complex in design, so installing them is not easy.
• For their installation, it is necessary to have a free fence site one and a half times larger than the , which is not always achievable.

Determining the possibility of installing sliding gates

Even with the huge desire and exceptional financial capabilities of the owner of the site to install a sliding gate, there can be situations where the installation is either impossible or very difficult. What are these situations?

• The space where the gate will roll back along the fence shall be free for at least one and a half times the width of the gate .This is due to the fact that on the door leaf, in addition to the part covering the opening, there is an and a technological part that occupies at least half the width of the opening, so it will be better to load loads from the gate to the console unit.

• The sliding gates move in a straight line, which means that the necessary part of the free fence site must also be straight.
• In the place where the gate will move there should be no uneven terrain, which will interfere with the free movement of the gate.

• There should be no wickets on the way of gate movement, it is better to do them from the opposite side. Sometimes a sliding gate with built-in wickets is ordered, but they will inevitably have high thresholds, which is extremely inconvenient for children and elderly people.
• It happens that owners intend to use the gate as a gate - when the canvas leaves at a distance sufficient for people to pass through. This is not necessary, since any gate mechanism is designed for certain number of cycles and their frequent use will greatly reduce the resource.
• If the arrival to the territory of the site occurs from a narrow lane, to facilitate maneuvering it is necessary to increase the opening of the gate, which will affect the dimensions of the canvas.

If there are no such complicated situations on the site, then you can start the sliding gate device yourself.

Self-locking gates

In order for the sliding gates to be installed correctly and subsequently have a long service life, it is necessary to break the technological process into several stages.

Preparatory work for

The first and one of the main parts of the preparatory operations is the assessment of the location of the gate. What should I pay attention to?

• If the gate is put in place of old ones having a different design, then the presence and condition of the support pillars is evaluated. If they are made of bricks, reinforced concrete with a section not less than 20 on 20 cm , profile metal pipe with section not less than 60 on 40 cm , their strict verticality is sustained, and they reliably fixed in the ground, theycan serve as a supporting and return post of the sliding gates. If not, the will have to erect its poles again.
• It should be possible to excavate a pit near the foundation near the foundation, which should be located close to the pole, go parallel to the fence and have dimensions of 500 mm to 2000 mm.
• If there is a new fence on the site, all the works on its construction and preparation for the installation of sliding gates can be combined, which is the most preferable.
• Very often at the entrance to the territory erect brick pillars, which is practical and beautiful. When building them, you need to make mortgage elements in the form of steel plates 100 * 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, three on each column. The top plate should be placed on the inside of the post opposite the edge, which is closer to the opening of the .The distance from the top of the column to the plate is 200 mm. The lower base plate is similar to the upper one, but at a distance of 200 mm from the zero mark." Zero " is considered to be the level of entry through the gate. The middle plate is placed in the middle between the top and bottom. Elements of the gate will subsequently be attached to them.

• When constructing a new fence, it can be taken into account that most often the width of the passage for a sliding gate is taken to be 4 meters. Such a standard has long been adopted in European countries. All manufacturers of components and accessories have the necessary sets of elements for this particular door size. To strongly to facilitate the itself work, it is better to use the ready-made solution.
• It is necessary to decide what will be the door leaf and how it will be lined. There are a lot of options, and in each of them the gate will have a different mass. This can affect the selection of the necessary power elements. More often, recently profiled sheeting has been used, but there are varieties of lining wooden lining, forged decorative elements, or simply leave a lattice construction of steel pipes.

• Before buying the necessary components, you need to compile your detailed drawing with the specification or take advantage of the ready solutions that are available in the gate producers' albums and on the forums of the owners of country houses on the Internet. In any case, must clearly to represent the design of future gates, how many materials will be needed and which ones.

specialist. Marking work of

When gate poles are installed, regardless of whether is erected a fence or not, it is already possible to start marking. For this it is necessary: ​​

• Determine the level of the zero mark, for which the level of the surface is taken exactly at the entrance to the garage opening. And the is absolutely not necessary, that at the time of the beginning of work the surface of the entrance will be ready. This can be done later. This level should be noted on one column, and then transferred to another using a water or laser level.
• At the level of zero marks, the cord is pulled tightly against the inner surface of the posts, and the cord must pass beyond the support table( the one where the gate will move when opened) for a distance of at least two meters. The horizontality of the tensioned cord is checked.

Foundation of sliding gates

In order to perceive loads from the weight of the gate at rest and during their movement, it is necessary to equip the foundation. For this purpose, a channel No. 20 with a length of 2000 mm is needed as the upper part, on which the roller assemblies and the electric drive will be mounted. For the foundation, it is necessary to excavate a pit that is adjacent to the support post, has a length of 2100 mm, a width of 500 mm. Depth is determined by the level of freezing of the soil in winter. In most regions, a depth of 1500 mm will be sufficient.

For reinforcing the foundation and creating the connection of the channel with the foundation, there are welded three skeletons of square section with a side of 150 mm from the reinforcement No. 16 and a length of 1400 mm. For cross-links, it is possible to use reinforcement No. 10-12 in increments of 300-400 mm.

Finished skeletons are welded to the bottom surface of the channel in the middle of its shelf. The axial lines of the outer skeletons are located 400 mm from the edges of the channel, and the third - exactly in the middle. After this, it is necessary to pour 10 cm of sand or sand-gravel mixture onto the bottom of the pit, compact its and to start the to install the finished channel with reinforcing bars. In this case it should be taken into account:

• The channel is placed close to the bearing column, strictly parallel to the line of movement of the gate, flush with the zero mark. Previously stretched cord will help to do this.
• In order to avoid the flow of cemented milk into the ground from the concrete mix, which reduces the strength of concrete, it is better to lining the bottom and walls of the pit with polyethylene with film.
• The surface of the channel must be at the zero mark, so when installing skeletons with a channel it is good to use pieces of reinforcement, which can fix the structure in the pit. When feeding the to the frames will be affected by a solid load, so the fixing must be reliable .
• In order to make it easier to level the upper part of the concrete with the channel, it is very convenient to install from above the edged boards with the surface at the zero level.

• level. If you plan to use an electric drive with an automation unit and a safety system, you should immediately take care of laying the necessary cables. The layout of the gasket can be seen in the figure. Cables should be laid in the corrugated , or better - in a polyethylene pipe with a diameter of 20 mm.

It's time for concrete work. To fill the foundation of the sliding console gates, it is necessary to use concrete with a mark of at least M250-M300.To make it, you need the following components in the following proportions for volume :

• One bucket cement M400.
• Two buckets of washed sand.
• Four buckets of rubble or gravel.
• The amount of water depends on the humidity of the sand and cement and is between 0.7 and 1 bucket. The use of plasticizers reduces the amount of necessary water and increases the mobility of the mixture, which is useful when laying.

The amount necessary for the foundation, of course, will be greater, the main thing is to observe the specified proportions. For the preparation of concrete mix is ​​best to use a concrete mixer or a powerful construction mixer. With manual mixing, the quality of concrete deteriorates.

First, sand and cement are poured into the concrete mixer. After mixing them, some of the water is added, so that the solution mixes to a uniform state. Further, gravel or gravel is added and water is added gradually until the concrete becomes homogeneous and mobile. When laying concrete in a pit, it is necessary: ​​

• Feed the concrete mixture gradually, so as not to shift the level design.
• After laying the next batch of concrete, it is necessary to pierce it in several places with a bar of reinforcement - to remove possible air bubbles.
• After laying and leveling the top layer, wipe the surface of the channel with a wet rag so that it remains clean for subsequent operations.

Full maturation of the concrete occurs within 28 days, but after a week it will already gain the strength of , which will allow the installation of the gate. And at this time you can do other technological operations.

Fabrication of sliding doors

When manufacturing door leaf, if there are not enough skills in welding metals, it is better to go to where the specialists in the workshop of the required sizes will make them. Sliding gates - this is a fairly bulky design and at home it will be difficult to ensure the location of all parts in the same plane, which is extremely necessary. Another one plus of making gates in the workshops is that the primer and paint can be produced by the compressor, and this gives the a better coverage. But if still has a desire to do everything yourself, then it is quite possible.

One of the possible variants of the door leaf is depicted in the figure. The basic frame is made of a profile pipe of 60 * 40 mm, and of ribs of rigidity and inner filling is made of pipe 20 * 40 mm. The supporting beam, which is located at the bottom of the drawing, has a length of 6 meters and it must be welded to the gate, so it's time to purchase a set of components for sliding console gates and profile pipes for fabrication.

Fittings for sliding gates in a wide range are available in various shops and construction markets. It is both a Russian producer and an imported one. When buying furniture, you need to take into account the weight of the future door leaf and the size of the of the opening. In our case, the value of the opening is 4000 mm, and the weight of the web in case of its sheeting with corrugated board will be up to 400 kg, which should be reported to the seller.

The standard door set includes:

• The guide beam 71 * 60 * 3.5 mm, 6 meters long.
• Two roller bearings.
• End roller.
• Lower end roller catcher.
• The upper catcher.
• Guide with two rollers.
• Two plugs on the beam.

To weld the gate, you need to make a mounting table consisting of three supports of the same height. As supports can be driven into the ground pegs on the same level and laid on top of the board. The main thing is that all three supports lie in the same horizontal plane.

Another version of the improvised assembly table can be laid on the ground and exposed to one level bars or construction stones.

The profile pipe purchased on the metal base rarely has no corrosion spots, therefore, before manufacturing the gate, follow the t thoroughly clean the rust and dirt spots of all pipes. This is most conveniently done by a Bulgarian with a special grinding wheel.

. According to the drawing, profile pipes 60 * 40 mm are cut for the main frame of the gate. Thus it is necessary to try to do so, that at welding there were no apertures for access in an internal cavity of a pipe. Marking must be done with a tape measure and a square, and cutting with a Bulgarian with a cutting disc, or, better, the - with a threaded machine that allows to accurately observe all angles.

On the mounting surface, the pipes are laid out in accordance with the drawing, the conformity to the dimensions and perpendicularity is checked, and then all seams are sequentially seized. After checking the dimensions and the plane, all pipe joints are sealed with a continuous seam. All the remaining open ends of the pipes are welded with plugs. After this, all welding seams are carefully sanded with a grinder with a grinding disc.

Profile pipes 40 * 20 mm for ribs are cut to size , which are then applied to the inner surface of the main frame, tightened by clamps and point-stuck. So is going to the whole inner frame. After checking the correspondence to the dimensions in the drawing, checking the diagonals of the rectangular part of the gate, the structure plane, all seams of are welded. solid joints are superimposed on the joints of the inner frame tubes, solid seams are applied to each other, and joins the 10-15 mm joints at intervals of 400-500 mm to connect the side surfaces of the main frame to the inner frame. Welding must be done in staggered order, so that from excessive overheating in one place the whole structure does not "lead".

The guide beam is welded to the lower surface of the gate. To do this, it is fastened with clamps, the axes of the door leaf and the beams are checked, and then welds 30-40 mm through 400-500 mm are welded. After that, all seams are peeled off by the Bulgarian.

For priming and painting the gate should be set to a position close to vertical. It is best to use an automotive anticorrosive primer, which must be applied in two layers. It is preferable to do this with a compressor and a sprayer, but you can also use a brush, but this will take longer, and the quality of the coating will be worse. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the primer shed a gap between the beam and the gate. It will also be appropriate to cover this gap with "sausages" of acrylic sealant. After this, the gate can be entirely painted in two layers. Do not paint the inner surface of the supporting beam in any case!

After the paint dries completely on the gate, it is possible to mount a lining, the most preferable of which is the corrugated board, since it combines lightweight weight, strength, beautiful appearance and reasonable price.

Mounting of sliding gates

Installation of console construction on the previously installed channel can be started no earlier than 7 days after concreting. For installation of roller trolleys, it is recommended to purchase a mounting plate with studs, which will allow:

• Adjust the position of the gate in height and horizontal.
• It is easy to remove the gate for repair or replacement of roller blocks.

gate. For door installation, it is necessary: ​​

• Place the roller carriages on the mounting plate, making the height equal and medium on all studs. The upper nuts do not tighten much at the same time.
• On the foundation, note the position of the mounting plates. To do this, from that edge of the channel, which is closer to the opening, the measures 150 mm and runs a line perpendicular to its length. This will be tangent to the edge of the first mounting plate.
• To find the position of the second support it is necessary to measure the total length of the gate and subtract from the the 100 mm. The resulting distance must be postponed from the beginning of the response post parallel to the goal line to the channel. At this point, a perpendicular is drawn, which will be tangent to the second mounting plate.
• If the bearing capacity of the pillars is good and anchor bolts are well anchored in them, the use of additional metal poles is not necessary. If not, then according to previously prepared mortgages vertically welded profile pipe to height equal to height gate plus 200 mm, section 40 * 40 * 2 mm. On the support post, it can be welded close to the edge, and on the reciprocal post it can be welded at a distance of 20-50 mm from the edge of the column.

• At a height of 150-200 mm at a distance of 20-30 mm from the of the wind and carrying pillars, the cord is stretched horizontally, parallel to the gate movement line. It will indicate the position of the tangent to the edge of the bearing beam. The cord must be tightened on the to all gates: from the of the wind table and up to the edge of the gate when they are fully opened.
• Roller carriages are placed in the carrier beam and move approximately to the middle of the gate. Then, with the help of assistants, the canvas is placed vertically above the channel. Roller carriages are bred on previously marked lines, and the tensioned cord should touch the guide beam throughout the its length. This position can be fixed by means of supports from the plates. After verifying the verticality, the roller platforms can be "snagged" by electric welding in several places.
• Checking the course of the gate, their verticality and horizontality, which is checked in the closed position. If necessary, adjusting nuts on the studs of the sites are corrected. The gate should move easily along the guide, parallel( slightly touching) the tensioned cord. The gaps between the support and the return post should be the same, and from the zero mark to the bottom edge of 80-100 mm. If everything is normal, then the nuts for securing the carriages can be tightened, and the platforms themselves can be welded in a circle.

• A plug is mounted on the rear cantilever of the carrier beam. In the front part of the beam, an end roller is mounted. Each manufacturer has his own method of installation, so it is necessary to use the instruction.
• On the support column, at the top, a guide with two rollers is mounted. For this, one hundred lb pr is laid with the rail bracket for and the holes are fastened. In brick or concrete it is necessary to fasten anchors with studs with a diameter of 10 mm, and in the metal - with the corresponding screws. If welding is used for the fastening, it is better to temporarily remove the plastic rollers. After fastening on the column, rollers are set so that they tightly cover the door leaf, keep it vertical and do not interfere with smooth running.

• . The door is rolled into the fully closed position, and the bottom of the lower catcher is marked on the return post. The end roller should fit tightly onto the shelf of the trap, partially removing the load from the roller blocks. A catcher is installed with the appropriate fasteners and the gate stroke and are checked for ease of locking the in the closed position.

• An upper catcher is installed that prevents the gate from swinging in the wind. In the fully closed state, the position of the trap is indicated and its fasteners are produced. Very often the upper collector in the kit has an still a protective bracket, which is put on the door leaf, which saves from damage to the cover. The bracket is mounted so that when it closes it enters the trap.

• If necessary, a rear stop is installed that will not allow the gate to roll away when they are fully opened.

After a competently performed by , the mounting of the gate must move very easily and be fixed in the extreme positions. The final work will be cleaning all welds, coating them with an anti-corrosion primer and painting. Further on the door leaf can be fixed handles for opening and closing, as well as install the drive with automatic. Each drive manufacturer has its own installation features, described in detail in the attached documentation. But this work will already be much easier, since the main is already done - the device of sliding gates with their own hands.

Video: Installation instructions for sliding gates

Video: Installation of a complete set of gates without welding