Sewerage by own hands

To become a good owner of a private suburban area is not only to erect a mansion and other necessary structures - a garage, utility rooms, utility rooms. Much attention will be paid to the development of the site - the installation of fences and fences, gates, planting the necessary trees, the creation of recreation areas, the arrangement of flower beds or vegetable gardens, the construction of greenhouses and much more. And so that all this self-created magnificence served as long as possible , it is necessary to take care of even about one important component - sewage.

Speech in this case of goes not about that familiar sewage system for domestic waste flows , which, by the way, is always remembered by everyone. But the other is often forgotten - it means " Livnovka ".But the storm sewerage by one's own hands is a very difficult task, but no less necessary. Forget it , and even more so - deliberately ignore it will be an unforgivable mistake.

There is no need to hope that the huge masses of water falling on the site after the summer thunderstorms or during the long autumn rains, during the spring mass melting of the snow, will go away by themselves, "dissolve".All this without the showering can turn into submerged cellars or cellars, by dumping floors on the ground floors and in farm buildings , rapid "aging" of the foundations of buildings, cracking the plinths and blind spots near them, erosion and complete destruction of the paved driveways to the house andpedestrian paths, bogging of the site, death of garden plantations, other serious troubles.

In a word, it is better to make a qualitative storm sewage once than to constantly deal with the consequences of "water invasions".We read, remember, learn!

Why do we need storm sewage? Basic its elements

The task of storm sewage is simple and clear - it is necessary on the territory of the servicedsite to collect all rain or thawed water in specially laid for this communication, the is organized by the to redirect the to its for passing the primary phitratsii, if necessary - additional cleaning, and then - to collect in the container accumulating or reset existing sewer city sewers, drainage collector to own a further output to filter the field or to the drain in the natural pond .

It's simply impossible to talk about any single model of storm sewage. Its design can be either the simplest or the most complex, branched, equipped with with modern water purification devices. This depends on and from the and values ​​of the serviced site, and , its features, and intensity and volumes of precipitated precipitation, and water pollution degree, and other factors. However, , it is possible to talk about of the basic elements of storm catchers , which in one form or another are present in any of the created circuits.

1 - One of the most important components is the rainwater harvesting system from the roofs of the residential building and all additional extensions. Its task is to collect the entire volume of water in one channel( or in several organized flows) in order then to redirect the to its in the communication of the .

This publication will not be considered - drainage on the roof of is devoted to a separate article of our portal.

2 - Water flows must fall, first of all , in the rainwater receivers. Here there are two options - linear and point.

- in the linear scheme, the trays are played by the trays( of the chutes) installed at ground level and taken over by the grating. Typically, this approach provides for a small artificial slope of the surface toward the tray. By the way, long trays do a good job with the role of transferring the water flow towards the collector - and this is a possible saving on pipes and earthworks.

- in case of a pointwise arrangement of the water collectors, an "envelope type" slope is made to them. Typical installation locations for such receivers of water are under vertical drain pipes running from the roofs, near the entrances to the building - in the pit at the door, near the water intake in the yard and the .Rainwater drainage systems are always connected with the underground sewage communication system.

point collection principle As a rule, none of the schemes are used in a "pure" form - usually the storm shower combines both linear and point installation principles in the common system.

3 - Preliminary, "rough" water filtration devices - this includes grilles, baskets, sand trap, settling tanks. The task, - , is to prevent large amounts of garbage from entering underground communications in order to avoid their quick clogging.

Very often, such devices are part of the of the water inlets.

4 is a system of underground pipes that provide the transfer of water from the of the inlets to the collectors or the discharge point.

5 - not even strong branched system of surface communications can not do without wells - they allow regular monitoring and preventive measures to avoid clogging of sewerage.

6 - is possible for owners of private country plots on which the creates an storm sewer, it does not have such a high value, but you can not help mentioning the water purification system. For example, rain drains from city streets, highways, car parks, industrial or food factories must undergo a mandatory post-treatment cycle, otherwise they are simply forbidden to be discharged into city sewers. So, water passes the oil of benzo-separation in special devices, fine cleaning in coal filters and other necessary steps in specific conditions. By the way, this opens up opportunities for big savings - for example, at car washes, the storm sewers are equipped with modern filtering and cleaning installations, "secondary" water again becomes quite applicable for washing cars.

However, it is forbidden to discharge storm water into natural water bodies of in urban conditions. To install or not in its own a post-clean-up system is to be decided by the owner of the site, although it may be possible that ecological supervision services may issue such requirements( for example, the opening of a car workshop, another mini-enterprise and on its territory).

7 - Finally , final punctures t t water distribution. It can be a storage tank, the water from which can be spent on technical or agricultural targets of ( it will only be sufficient to install a submersible pump).If there is no such requirement, the water through the collector can be diverted to filtration fields or simply discharged into the natural by the reservoir or to the centralized sewer system.

Now, in order for the to be able to properly select the necessary ones for the storm sewer, the basic elements will be considered slightly closer .

Trays and point water receivers

Let's start from the very beginning, from the rainwater collection points.

a) Trays

As already mentioned, in the storm sewage system, which is completely or fragmentarily organized according to a linear principle, the main place of is water trays. It would seem that nothing can be simpler, but meanwhile they also have a certain classification according to several parameters.

• If this element of the is on the surface, then it simply can not resist testing any external mechanical loads. Depending on the specific location of the tray, you can select one of the load classes:

Tray load rating class	Mechanical load limit	Typical application
A15	up to 1.5 tonnes	The weakest trays are used only in pedestrian areas, on bicycle paths, in park areas, along the perimeter of private houses, etc.
B125	up to 12,5 t	It will cope with the mass of the car, therefore it is widely used in car parks and car washes, in garage cooperatives. Probably the best solution for a private house.
С250	up to 25.0 t	Trays are used in road construction, at gas stations, in large garages, at the car service center
D400	up to 40.0 t	Designed for roads with high traffic and traffic in industrial and motor transport enterprises
E600	up to 60.0 t	Large logistics centers, including berths, railway junctions, etc.
F900	up to 90.0 t	Special purpose objects with possible ectreme loads, for example, airfields, military bases, etc.

• The next tray selection parameter is its capacity. It can not be any less than the calculated data for a particular site( the system will be described below).The main indicator is the diameter of the hydraulic section( DN) - the value that must correspond to the pipes supplied to the chutes.
• And, finally, the material of the tray manufacturing - here also there are several options:

- Concrete chutes - the most durable of all produced. Those of them, which belong to the class E600( or even the F900), are fully versatile and can be used universally by .

Concrete trays can have a fixed depth of the gutter , but some are available with an inclined bottom surface that takes into account the slope( about 5%) necessary for water flow. Trays can be rectangular, trapezoidal or rounded. Hydraulic cross-section - - from DN100 to DN500 .The height of the walls of the tray varies depending on the throughput - from 90 to 760 mm. The usual form of production is gutter 1000 mm long with the lock part for reliable connection.

The main disadvantage of these trays is its massive nature. Even in comparatively small gutters with a hydraulic section DN 150 , the mass of of one section is already about 100 kg.

F / The bins are usually equipped with cast-iron gratings .Small diameter trays can be bundled and grilles made of stainless steel.

- Plastic trays are the most popular variation of nt for and of stormers in those areas where high loads are not expected. They are made of polyethylene or polypropylene. According to the class strength is from A to With , that is for private building conditions - quite enough.

Hydraulic diameters trays from DN70 and usually to DN300 .The standard length is 1000 mm. A convenient locking system allows not only to build inline structures, but also to branch off or connect gutters to the pipes. Lattices can be bundled with stainless or similar plastic.

Convenient polymer parts of its small weight - installation does not require much effort and lifting technique.

- Polymer-concrete trays are a relatively new type of product. For the production, a composite is used, which will come to the grooves of dignity and concrete, and plastic. However, , they are much more durable and twice as lighter than concrete and stronger than polymer ones. Models with DN from 100 to 200 are an excellent solution for private construction.

- Polymer sandwich trays are practically timeless products obtained by by fusing polymeric raw materials with fine-grained quartz sand with subsequent casting and pressing. As a result - and the complete chemical inertness of the resulting material, and its highest strength.

By the way, the technology is not particularly expensive, therefore the is as acceptable on polymer-sand products. The mass of products - is almost three times lower than concrete , therefore, costs for transportation, loading and installation are also significantly reduced.

Usually polymer sandy trays are produced in sizes from DN70 to DN150 with strength class With 250. The chutes are equipped with all necessary parts.

b )

Inlets of rainstorms, which are organized in a point type, floodgates become the main catchment area. Typical installation locations:

• Right under the drainpipes that collect rainwater or melt water from the roof of the building. Often, the drainpipe even enters the water inlet of the , and it becomes its extension.
• At the edge of the roadway of the street.
• In places where the slopes of the territory intersect( natural, or created artificially).
• Input groups - grilles , places for washing or cleaning shoes at the entrance doors of the house.

In order not to stop for a long time on the materials of their manufacture, it can be noted that they completely coincide with the material of the trays( with one exception - water receivers cast completely from cast iron are found).

In individual construction, plastic or composite element is most often used. As a rule, they have a cubic shape with the length of each face 300 or 400 mm. Both sides and below are provided with adapters for light and quick insertion of pipes of standard diameter.

In addition, this gives the another one option - if the operational features of the sewerage at this point require the asynchronous , then it is easy to install two or more verticallysections, having reached thus of the necessary result.

With more can enter kit of standard aspirator :

• No receiver can do without the of the grid. This is not only for the not to create problems with the movement of people or vehicles - the grille plays the role of the first filtering line - it detains large fragments of garbage.

It is clear that the grate should have the required strength - not lower than the itself, the rainwater receptacle.

• Through the large cells of the top lattice all is equally penetrated by a lot of debris. In order to minimize its penetration into the pipes, in many models of rainwater receivers a special lattice basket is installed inside. It is very convenient - as the clogging of the basket does not represent t t ore pull out the handle and clean it, and then reinstall it.
• In the pipes of storm sewage, there is no escape, there will always be an organic decomposition process with the known to all putrid odor. To ensure that these "flavors" do not poison the atmosphere around the collection points of water, installation of partitions is provided inside the rainwater receivers. They will divide the camera into several compartments with the creation of a siphon effect. Thus, the resulting water seal will not let the unpleasant odor out.

There are models of water receivers with pits and installed gratings for cleaning the soles of shoes. In addition, you can purchase prefabricated prefabricated blocks instead of - ladders, in the layout of which everything is provided - and the filter grate , and a siphon seal and a branch pipe( horizontal or vertical) for connecting the pipe.

Pipes for storm sewage

The purpose of the pipes in the storm sewer system is so obvious that it is not worth stopping on the it .It is better to consider in more detail the requirements for them and the optimal models for selection.

• Since always moves water in under the influence of gravitational forces, without forced pumping, and they are always located deep , there are simply no special requirements for maintaining the pressure and heat resistance. Of course, provided that the strength reserve is sufficient to withstand the external pressure of the soil layer, which is buried on top of them.
• High temperatures in such conditions can not be by definition. With proper installation of the system, there should be no stagnation of water, that is, frosts should also not be feared. The main thing is that the material of manufacture is not afraid of negative temperatures.
• But the chemical effect on the walls of pipes, both from the inside, from the running water, and from the outside - from the ground, can be quite aggressive. Therefore, material is suitable for , not only, but only possessing excellent inertness to active chemicals and not subject to corrosion.
• The water in the drizzle is far from being clean, so the hydraulic resistance of the pipe walls should be minimal. There should be smooth internal walls, so that the cavity does not create the prerequisites for the formation of blockages.
• AND, finally , pipe dimensions.

is the diameter, and stands for - and the throughput should fully correspond to the calculated parameters of storm sewage. As a rule, even in very small livnevki pipes with a diameter of at least 100 ÷ 110 mm are used.

- pipe length: the more - the better. Any joint is always a vulnerable place, either from the point of leakage or the formation of clog. And means , than there will be less of them - the better for storm catchers , and the easier it is to mount.

Which tubes are considered optimal?

• Asbestos-free pipes although is considered to be reliable , strong, but their popularity falls, and their use is increasingly abandoned. This is due to several reasons.

They are fragile, and they can be damaged during transportation or during installation. They are inconvenient in the assembly - because of their gravity and the need for special sealing of joints. In , the strongly aggressive will start decomposing , becoming loose. And from the ecological point of view, asbestos is still not the best option. In some European countries, by the way, he in residential construction for this reason is not not used at all.

• ASH is the same, which are widely used for conventional sewerage. They have a diameter of 110 or 160 mm, and those them , which are allowed to use outdoors , have a distinctive bright orange color.

Connect such pipes very easily, as there is for this purpose a special socket with an installed seal-rubber cuff. Their surface durability is quite enough to withstand the pressure of several meters of soil. The cavity of the - pipe is smooth, that is, the resistance to the current of water is minimal.

And yet, is not the ideal .The main disadvantage of PVC pipes is their limited length( maximum of 3 meters) and a complete lack of elasticity. Even a small change in direction will require the use of special elements - taps, and this is an increasing number of joints and serious rise in price for the entire system being created.

• The optimal solution to the problem is the acquisition of plastic pipes having a multi-layer structure and a corrugated frame. The special ring rigidity of the allows to withstand very significant loads while remaining flexible.

The plastic can be used different. Pipes come from a single polymer . for example, polypropylene. But more often such a scheme is used - the internal surface providing unimpeded water flow - low pressure polyethylene, and the reinforcing top layer is made using polypropylene.

Flexibility of pipes gives the ability to plan a route with curved sections - no additional elements will be required. Moreover, pipes with a diameter of up to 200 m m m can be purchased in a bay with a total length of up to 40 - 50 meters. Thus, it is fashionable to install long sections, for example, between revision wells, in one piece, without additional joints.

. The can be connected by in various ways - with sockets and sealing rings, with - couplings, welding, shrink, shrink and . In any case , the installation does not represent the particular complexity of the with the with the tools and tools.

• Worthy mention, although it is practically not used in rainstorms of private houses, fiberglass pipes. Their sphere of use is large mains and collectors with a diameter of about 500 mm and more.

Convenience of them in the lightness and at the same time - the highest strength, complete environmental cleanliness, durability. The disadvantages that limit their wide application are considerable difficulties in the technology of their connection and a fairly high price.

Filtration and cleaning devices water

The following are the important elements of the rain gauge - devices and installations for the purification of the discharged water. Are they necessary?

• Water on the way to or gutter receivers captures a considerable amount of grains of sand, small particles of soil and organic matter. If they do not prevent their free penetration into the underground pipe system, it will quickly silt, overgrow with sand, cease to cope with its task. To prevent this, torrential flows must pass through the sand grabs and mesh mechanical filters.
• Rain or meltwater must carry with it the wastes or residues of petroleum products, components of automobile exhausts and industrial emissions on the ground or suspended in the atmosphere, and etc .One of the tasks of cleaning is the removal of such impurities.
• Many surprises can also be expected from the chemical composition of water - it is heavily influenced by agricultural chemicals, reagents on the roads, the same industrial emissions. All this can represent a very serious threat to the environment. Hence, the water will require and chemical cleaning.

solves this complex ks pr oblem differently.

Sand grabs ( sand pickers )

These are absolutely simple devices, which together with are capable of detaining at least 85 ÷ 90% of insoluble inclusions in rain or melt water, if properly installed. Sandpipers are an indispensable element of any storm catcher , without exception, regardless of its type , branching and the required degree of water purification at the outlet. Without them, the communication part of the sewerage will very quickly overgrow with sand and mud, will require expensive washing.

The principle of operation of of sand catchers is extremely simple. This is always the volumetric camera designed so that the water, falling into the on it , drastically reduces the flow rate. This gives the the ability of the to solid gravity weighings to simply settle on the bottom of the chamber. Purified water continues to flow through the outlet.

trays. Typical locations for their installation are the jump points of the chute in the underground communications, directly after the point receivers( for example, behind the input pallets).In this case, they are usually equipped with a basket in which deposits accumulate - to facilitate regular cleaning.

The form of execution is most often a vertical camera, although there are also horizontal multi-camera traps. In addition, the sand trap is most often the first liquid in other filtration and cleaning facilities, for example, in oil separators or filters.

There are also various variants on the material of manufacture - sand pickers are available plastic, concrete, polymer concrete .Usually they are purchased in a single kit with other elements of the system.

Oil separators

In most cases, such equipment in the practice of private construction is not needed. However, if the owner of the site intends to organize on its territory, for example, a workshop, a mini workshop, a sink and an , the , he may not get permission to do this until he equips the storm sewage system accordingly. And oil separator will become mandatory its element. Therefore, in brief - about such devices:

Most often, it is located earth capacity , divided partitions into several compartments. The first is almost always used, as still one bulk sand trap .The same process of separating oil products from water takes place in the compartment with coalesced modules installed in the .This - is glued into cassettes corrugated plates of special polyvinyl chloride. Here the specific property of PVC - non-wetting of with its water is applied, that is hydrophobicity of .But oil products, on the contrary, are perfectly "attracted" to this polymer surface.

Remains of fuel and oil are contained in water in the form of insoluble mikrozvesey - suspension. The flow passes through the modules( they are made corrugated to increase the contact area), then the water penetrates farther freely, while the microscopic drops of oil products adhere to the PVC, gradually merging with each other and, correspondingly, , becoming larger .The fluid flow through the plate always causes microvibration, which helps to rip off the droplets from the PVC surface. Since the drops have reached large sizes, gravitational forces begin to act on them. Petroleum products are lighter than water, and they float upward, forming a dense layer of waste on the surface, which is removed as needed( many oil and gas separators are equipped with built-in waste control systems).

In the general of the tank of a gasoline-oil separator, a fine mechanical cleaning filter can be installed immediately in the next chamber in the water. Further, purified water enters the collector or an additional purification plant, if necessary.

Modern devices for cleaning storm water from petroleum products can have small dimensions, and sometimes they are produced in such a way that they can even be placed in a visit, for example, in the basement. The figure shows such a compact oil and gas separator made of high density polyethylene( REND ), which can be installed indoors or, for example, in a manhole.

Additional filtration and cleaning devices

This can be attributed before in to this all those grates and baskets that occur on the water path, starting from the of the surface itself. If the water requires more of a serious for mechanical cleaning, flotation units can be included in the system - in these chambers aeration of stormwater with a water-air dispersion takes place, the bubbles of which carry even the smallest insoluble inclusions.

If it is also required to clean the storm water chemically, for example, for the secondary use of collected water, then sorption filters are installed. Water, passing through a charge of activated carbon, shungite, zeolite or other non-fillers, is filtered by the on a thin level, and then enters the storage reservoir. After such filters, a special well is usually arranged to take chemical water samples.

Video: storm drainage with cleaning systems water

Wells and collectors

Finally, the most important elements of any storm sewer are wells and sewers.

Wells

No wells can be dispensed with by any underground pipe system, and the storm sewerage in this board is not an exception. These elements are mandatory for installation:

converge

• At those points where two or more paved underground water streams are brought together.
• Where there is a need to drastically change the angle of slope of pipes or the height of their laying under by the ground according to the terrain conditions.
• At the point where the direction of the buried underground pipeline changes sharply( at the top of the formed corner).
• If necessary, switch to larger diameter pipes.
• On the direct extended route sections - through the defined intervals.

If earlier the wells had to be laid out of bricks, concreted or used heavy-weight w / w rings, today there is a large selection of these products made from various types of plastics or fiberglass.

Wells usually have a vertical cylindrical shape, they can be solid or collapsible. Always have a sealed bottom and an opening from the top, taken with a lid or a hatch. On the case, there are inlet and outlet pipe connections.

If the well is used in the role of a delta, then the input to it is always located lower than the output. Typical example application - when with long and branched systems it is necessary to avoid strong penetration of pipes into the ground, or when needs to bypass the underground obstacle.

By the way, all wells very often play the role of additional and highly effective sand catchers. Doing its cleaning - much is easier with than rinsing with clogged pipes.

As auditing wells, several vertically installed and hermetically sealed water intake can be used - this is included in their operational capabilities.

A special type of well is optionally installed immediately after exiting the treatment plants - here samples of purified water are taken from the to the collector before the .

Collectors of

All collected from the site rainwater or melt water it is necessary to collect ( or in one flow) for organization or of its accumulation for economic use, or for discharge to a drainage field, into a natural water reservoir or to a centralizedsewage system. In any case, the needs a collector, which is usually td large diameter, plastic or reinforced concrete - in it cuts all supply pipelines from all sections of the storm sewer. According to it, the collected rain runoff is directed to the to the cleaning site( if necessary), and then - to the place of discharge or accumulation.

. There are also special underground plastic tanks , which are assigned the role of the collector - here the water is collected and then diverted to drainage fields or to an open drain.

Often underground reservoirs have a multi-chamber layout, and the water here passes additional settling and post-cleaning, according to the principle of a septic tank.

Another one version of the collector - in its role you can use a polymeric sealed well of the increased capacity .All unnecessary outlets on the are muffled, and it turns into a storage tank, where water can be pumped out with a submersible pump for economic or agrotechnical needs.

How to plan and calculate the shower sewer

Planning and design of storm sewers is a very difficult issue. If the storm shower is necessary for opening a business enterprise, then it is not worthwhile to undertake standalone calculations. Such task for forces only to the special organizations that should have state certification. They will design a storm sewer with taking into account the of a wide variety of information:

• Topographical features of the site, the presence of natural gradients, of the and reservoirs, .
• Climatic features of the region.
• Sample plans for the general construction and landscape design of the site.
• Geological survey - features of soils on the territory.
• Specification for connection to a central collector system or sanitary standards for discharge of storm water into the soil or into natural reservoirs of .
• The desires of of owners, for example, for the construction of storage tanks for for collected water, are taken into account.

The compiled project is subject to mandatory sighting in the monitoring organizations( Technical Supervision, SES , ecology, Vodokanal), and only after full agreement can proceed to construction. Usually such survey works are carried out by still at the stage of general site development planning, with taking into account location of all types of sewerage - sewage, storm and drainage.

If such a sewage system does not require coordination, and the site owner intends to build the downpour at his own risk and without the involvement of specialists, he should nevertheless adhere to the of certain recommendations. All of them are based on the requirements of SNiP -2.04.03 - 85, but are presented in several simplified form, which should be sufficient for self-planning.

Performance of the planned storm catcher

In order for the system to fully cope with its tasks, the its elements must have the ability to pass through the required amount of water( of course, with the defined by the margin).In the , the first is for pipes - their hydraulic cross-section should ensure the withdrawal of the average amount of precipitated by precipitation. How to calculate it?- it is possible to apply the simplified calculation formula:

Q Sat = q 20 × F × Υ

Letters refer to:

Q Sat - calculated volume water, collected with certain spare

q 20 - a tabular value expressing the precipitation intensity factor in the given by the region. It is calculated by by way of processing data of long-term observations. Concrete value is always known to workers, local meteorological services, architects, but it is also easy to learn from the attached scheme. The unit of measurement is liters per second per hectare of area.

F - is the area for which the amount of precipitation falling on is calculated. If you measure the area of ​​the pitched roof, then it is taken in a horizontal projection, as on the plan. If one water inlet receives water from several sections, then their area is summed up. The obtained value is necessarily translated into hectares.

Υ is the coefficient that gives the correction for the absorbency of the coating. A few values ​​that are important for the owners of suburban areas are listed in the table:

Types settlement area is covered	factor Υ
Roof house	1
asphalt pavement	0.95
concrete sections	0.85
ramming tarmac	0.4
Open field, turf, lawns	0.35

So make first calculations for each point inlets ( linetrays). By _SASS volumes according to the table, which is given below, the required( minimum) diameter tr_dr decay is determined, diverting water from of this section to the well. If several flows converge in the well, then calculation then is carried out already from the total volume of the discharged water - and so on.

As a rule, for a small country house or country site there are enough pipes with a diameter from 110 to 150. For the collector - around 200 mm.

Created slope of pipes

Since storm sewage never assumes forcible water pumping, the pipes must be given a slope in advance, which will be sufficient for the self-flow of fluid from the collection points to the point of discharge or accumulation. This value depends mainly on the hydraulic section of the pipe or chute. Table

, placed below, gives answer two questions at once:

• By calculated value of the total volume of water collected Q Sat - determined in the first three columns desired Diamé tr tr Uba.
• In the right column, you can immediately see the required pipe slope angle or tray.

hydraulic pipe section or trays	DN 110	DN 150	DN 200	size deviation( %)
water volume collected( Qsb)		3.9 12.2 29.8		0.3
5	15.75		38.5 0.3 - 0.5 22.3
7		54.5	0.5 - 1.0
8.7	27.3	66.7	1.0 - 1.5
10	31.5	77	1,5 - 2,0

To make it easier to understand, 1% of the gradient will correspond to a 10 mm difference in heighton the straight segment length 1 meter.

The calculation is good, but still practice shows that for normal operation of storm sewage, a slope of 20 mm / 1 pog is usually made.m for pipes and trays DN110 , about 10 mm for DN150 and about 7 mm for the collectors DN 200.

There are some deviations. After tapping the pipe in the rainwater collector usually gets bigger - so, so that does not cause stagnation in this place, so that the water goes to the underground communication system as quickly as possible. Conversely, before entering the sand trap, the slope can be reduced so that the water gets into the extended tank in a more relaxed state - so hard particles will be easier to settle to the bottom.

Pipe depth

The idea is that the pipes should not be waterlogged with the , and therefore they should not be afraid of freezing. Apparently, therefore, and there are no exact rules regarding the penetration of pipes into the ground. There are only recommendations, which probably should be used:

• Pipes of diameter up to DN500 have an upper edge below the freezing point of not less than 300 mm.
• With diameters DN500 and more, this interval increases to 500 mm.

General recommendation - the minimum depth is 700 mm. It happens that the features of the system do not allow the pipes to be positioned so deeply. Therefore, the will have to consider the issue of thermal insulation( for example, polystyrene semi-cylinders) and protection against accidental mechanical damage.

Where to place wells?

The location of the wells has already been mentioned above, when their purpose was considered. Not to be repeated - only on their location on straight sections:

Diameter of pipe( collector)	Distance between adjacent wells in straight section( m)
DN 150	30 ÷ 35
DN 200	45 ÷ 50
DN 500	70÷ 75

A few words about the size of the wells. If the rainstorm is created by in a private house, the pipes usually do not exceed 200 mm, and the diameter of the wells is 1000 mm. With DN110 and DN150 pipes, wells with a diameter of 700 mm can be used, but only if their depth - is not more than 1000 mm. And if you need a deep well, more than 3000 mm, then its minimum diameter increases - up to 1500 mm.

Tips for drafting the storm sewer

After understanding the basic principles of storm drainage planning, you can proceed with the design of your own project.

• First of all, it is necessary to divide the territory into water collection areas, determine their area( for the roof - this is done in a horizontal projection, that is, without taking into account the slope, as for a flat one).

Calculate area - it's easy!

For those who experience certain difficulties with geometry, a "wand-rescue wand" has been prepared. Click on the link to the special portal article dedicated to the areas - there are various examples, from the simplest to the most complex ones, convenient calculators.

• It is determined the possibility of placing common rainwater receivers for adjacent collection sites. The picking principle is chosen - point, line or combined.
• Calculated according to the above formula, the volume of water collected( in liters per second) for each collection site and then in total - for each water intake.
• The required pipe cross-sections and their slope are determined from the tables.
• "Wells are being distributed", and for each of them the amount of storm collection is summed up - to correctly determine the cross-section and slope of the pipes leaving the track - further to the next wells or directly to the collector.
• It may be necessary to have a certain "cascade" of wells with a gradual increase in the number of serviced collection points. Immediately estimated approximate required volume of each well.
• It is envisaged to install sand traps and, if necessary, other treatment systems.
• Eventually, all traces must converge to a specific capacity collector. Further, depending on the specific conditions - the withdrawal to drainage, drainage or accumulation for the subsequent use of water for irrigation or other household needs.

In order not to be mistaken in carrying out the calculations, it seems advisable to compile a table in which all the catchment areas will be indicated with their dimensions and characteristics and the "hierarchy" of rainwater gates, wells and collectors. The design may, of course, be different, but as an alternative, the table is given as an example below:

Collecting area	Area( m²) and collected volume of water	Water inlet No., total collection volume and outlet pipe diameter	Well No., total volumecollecting and pipe diameter at the outlet	Well No. total collection volume and pipe diameter at the outlet	Collector, total collection
South roof slope of the house, metal tile	40 m², 0.36 l / s	No. 1d, 0.63 l/ s, DN110	No. 1k, 1.15 l / s, DN110	No.3k, 1,66 l / s, DN110	3,02 l / s
Platform in the yard, asphalt.	32 m², 0,27 l / s
Northern roof slope, metal tile	48 m ², 0.43 l / s	No.2d, 0.52 l / s, DN110
Lawn area on the back of the house, ground	28 m², 0,09 l / s
Arbor in recreation area, metal tile	15 m², 0,14 l / s	№3d, 0,51 l / s, DN110	№2k, 0,51 l / s, DN110
Rest area, concrete	30 m ², 0,23 l / s
Lawn in rest area, ground	45 m ², 0,14 l / s
Platform at the entrance gate, concrete	16 m², 0.12 l / s	0,26 l / s, DN110	No. 4k, 0,6 l / s, DN110	No. 7K, 1.36 l / s, DN110
Parking area, trapezoid crushed stone	38 m², 0,14 l / s
Garage roof, single-skinned, metal tile	28 m², 0,25 l / s	No. 5d, 0,34 l / s, DN110
Platform in front of the garage, concrete	12 m², 0,09 l / s
Roof of the household unit( shed + boiler room), metal tile	17 m², 0,15 l / s	№6d, 0,24 l / s, DN110	№5k, 0,24l / s, DN110
Economic territory, BET	12 m², 0,09 l / s
Garden area, ground	185 m², 0,52 l / s	No.7d, 0.52 l / s, DN110	No.6K, 0.52l / s, DN110
And so on, on all sites on which the shower channel

is created And to make it as simple as possible for the reader to not have to perform manual calculations, the more that a conversion of the area into hectares is required,:

Calculator for calculating the volume of collected water for storm sewage

By sequentially calculating the volumes for each point, it will be easy to determine the diameter and slope of the above tablepipes for each element in the "hierarchy" of the storm sewer system. After filling all the data in the table, a fairly clear picture will be drawn before the designer, and one can proceed to its practical implementation.

Installation of storm sewer

If everything is calculated . the plan is made up, the components are purchased, then you can proceed to practical work. The installation process itself can vary significantly - depending on the specific sets of elements and parts, therefore - only about regularities in the construction of the showering .

• The beginning is a trace on the ground and enough is a voluminous excavation. has much to dig out - the grooves for gutters, trenches for pipes, pits and excavations for rain collectors , pits, wells, collectors, if necessary - filter units. The bottom must be cleaned of stones or other solid items, it is poured and tamped sand cushion.

• Mounting is best to begin with the installation of the largest elements of the system - collectors and wells. The is followed by the trays, , the , the sand trap and the .And only then all the installed elements are connected by pipes of the desired diameter with the necessary bias. In this case, the pipes must completely adhere to the surface of the sand cushion - no sagging is allowed.
• If necessary - is carried out thermal insulation of pipes and manifolds followed by waterproofing insulation material.
• After the system is assembled, it is necessary to carry out tests. For this, each section is checked - by the strait of a certain water quantity. At the same time, is being kept so that does not have leakage of at the junctions, and for the amount of released water approximately corresponded to flooded. If is identified as a serious difference, means has a sagging portion, and you need to look for it to immediately fix the defect.
• The position of the elements on the surface - the trays or racks, if necessary reinforce a small amount of concrete solution.
• After step by step tests conducted by show that there are no problems with water movement, the system can be buried. Usually around underground elements a sandy or sandy-gravel interlayer is arranged about 200 mm, and only then the main soil is thrown.

Often, in order to save forces and resources, some elements of the are combined with drainage sewerage. Drainage pipes are usually located below the stormwater - they can eliminate what the Livewater could not handle. But the collector at them can quite be uniform - on a level of pollution and whenever possible further use the collected water there and there is quite comparable. An example of such a combination was given in one of the figures above.

But to combine livnevku with household sewage sewage is strictly prohibited. A heavy downpour or a sudden heavy snow melting can easily lead to overflow of such a joint system with a splash of sewage to the outside - back to the plumbing networks or to the site site. And this can have extremely negative consequences.

Video: a sample of storm sewer installation in a private house