The comfort of living in a private house or apartment is determined by many factors. It's no secret that the microclimate in them largely depends on the circulation of air currents. To breathe really clean air, in the construction of housing and its further arrangement it is important to carefully consider the ventilation system. If the outside air is sufficiently fresh, it is advisable to use natural ventilation in the rooms. Having spent a little work and time, such a system can be installed independently.
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How natural ventilation works
Inthe process of erecting any residential building is developing a system of natural ventilation in accordance with the principle, Khodnev with ventilation. Organizing the flow of air is easy, opening the windows and doors - nevertheless, during the cold season, the opportunities for ventilation are largely limited. In addition, in some rooms, due to the lack of windows, the task is significantly more complicated.
It is possible to create a stably comfortable microclimate in different rooms by installing a natural ventilation system, besides it can be installed with a minimum of costs. In a residential building or apartment in a room where air is flowing, they are called dry( they include, for example, a bedroom and a living room).Kitchen, as well as a bathroom are traditionally rooms, which are characterized by the presence of a regime of high humidity - therefore, they need to organize the removal of moist air. In this case, dry air enters the house and moistened out, while avoiding the accumulation of excess moisture and the appearance of unpleasant odors in the premises. Under the influence of temperature and pressure drops, there is a draft, due to natural supply ventilation through the openings, cracks, windows and air ducts, fresh air enters the premises. Heated light air masses rush outward through natural exhaust ventilation, in their place comes cool and fresh air. In this case, the effect on the traction is exerted by wind, the height and cross-section of ventilation ducts, the presence of their constrictions and bends, as well as thermal insulation.
It is necessary to take into account a number of requirements for the arrangement of natural ventilation at home. It is necessary that such a ventilation system ensure:
- the presence of a constant movement of air masses in the house - with a quality influx of fresh air into all rooms;
- removal of polluted air from the kitchen, as well as from sanitary facilities.
In this case, it is necessary to avoid a noticeable cooling of the air in the winter period, as well as the occurrence of drafts in the house.
There are following types of natural ventilation systems:
- channel( with placement in houses of vertical channels), as well as without channels( such systems are used in production premises);
- permanent ventilation, which is carried out by supplying airflow through the valve system, as well as periodic - with ventilation at any intervals.
Features of natural ventilation
It should be noted that the arrangement of natural ventilation is advisable in the presence of really clean air outside the premises. This type of ventilation is optimal for small buildings located in an ecologically clean area - in such cases it will not be necessary to use forced ventilation systems. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the type of materials used in the construction. The most natural ventilation is suitable for brick, wooden and stone buildings, as well as for buildings made of construction claydite, ceramic, gas, slag and foam blocks, adobe or from monolithic expanded clay concrete.
Before installing a natural ventilation system, it is important to make careful planning, otherwise the microclimate in the premises may be far from ideal. In such cases, there may be various unpleasant symptoms( stale air, a feeling of heaviness after sleeping in people living in the house, as well as manifestations of their allergies).To avoid penetration of foreign sounds, insects, and fluff and dust through the air ducts, some improvements are made to the system - for this purpose, supply channels equipped with insulation to absorb noise and mosquito net are installed in the external walls. In addition, it is worth considering the following - in older buildings, air circulation was carried out through the existing cracks between the doors and the floor( the so-called perforations), and through loosely adhering wooden frames. Nevertheless, in the living quarters it was necessary to open windows or windows for ventilation.
Modern window constructions, as well as doors ensure the integrity of the premises, so they are often stuffy in the air, harmful evaporation is contained in the air, mold reproduction is observed. If you do not want to keep the window shutters constantly ajar, to ensure a steady flow of fresh air, you will need to provide special air inlets in the window apertures or in the walls. The flow of heated air masses from the premises is diverted through the exhaust pipes, and a fresh one enters its place.
Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation
The advantages of installing a natural ventilation system include:
- simplicity of design, due to which the probability of failures and breakdowns is minimized;
- no need to purchase special expensive equipment. Mounting it, you can achieve significant cost savings compared with the installation of forced or mixed ventilation systems;
- natural air circulation perfectly combined with the operation of indoor climate systems;
- with the help of a well-designed natural ventilation system it is possible to maintain optimum humidity and regulate heat exchange in the house, as well as to heat unheated rooms - for example, corridors, staircases.
As a minus of natural ventilation, it is worth mentioning its limited capabilities. For the normal functioning of the human body, a constant influx of fresh air is necessary, which can not always be fully ensured by natural ventilation. With insufficient active air exchange, mold and fungus can multiply in the premises, harmful evaporation generated by building materials, machinery and furniture can accumulate. In the case of stagnation of air masses, the room can be observed the appearance of dampness and the accumulation of unpleasant odors. In addition, it is worth noting the dependence on air temperature on the street - the lower it is, the colder air entering the room through the ventilation ducts( and consequently the heating costs increase - in some cases up to 40%).
Often, to achieve the most effective result, it is worth combining natural ventilation in the house with other types of it - in such cases in addition to it in places where it is necessary( usually in working and sanitary rooms), mechanical supply or exhaust forced ventilation is equipped.
Self-management of natural ventilation
When planning how to do natural ventilation, you need to consider the following. Such a ventilation system in a private house is organized by the equipment of exhaust ducts and the installation of supply valves. During the construction of the building will require the provision of ventilation ducts, so plan their arrangement should be before construction begins. Depending on the specific conditions, at the design stage it will be necessary to develop a scheme of natural ventilation and perform the necessary engineering calculations.
In apartment buildings, the ventilation channels are combined into blocks. In private buildings it is not necessary to combine ventilation flows, otherwise the efficiency of the ventilation operation is somewhat reduced. Each channel from the room should be displayed on the roof edge. In order to reduce the effect of wind on the functioning of the ventilation system, it should be placed in a certain way relative to the roof surface. On one floor it is more convenient to arrange several channels side by side, combining them into a single riser. Such blocks of channels are usually placed inside the supporting wall or are attached to it. Similar risers for ventilation are laid out of stone or brick, in addition, ventilation ducts can be placed inside hollow concrete blocks. In wooden and frame buildings, ventilation systems are equipped with plastic or steel pipes placed in a box.
Stages of works of
In essence, the sequence of actions for installing natural ventilation by one's own hands is as follows:
- technical calculations - calculation of the required minimum volume of supply and exhaust air according to the sanitary norms. In accordance with the results of calculations, the number and height of ventilation ducts should be planned. When performing calculations, it is necessary to take into account the number of people who will be in the room, as well as the necessary volume of supply air. It is easier to entrust these calculations to professionals;
- selection of suitable type and section of ducts according to the results of calculations. For the arrangement of natural ventilation, round, and also with rectangular cross-section, rigid ducts are used;
- development of an indicative layout of ventilation ducts;
- selection of places for air intake and installation of equipment;
- purchase of necessary materials and devices necessary for the installation of ventilation;
- installation of the ventilation system.
Where natural ventilation channels are needed
When planning the arrangement of ventilation, it is worth considering that the exhaust ducts will need to be equipped in the following places:
- in the kitchen, bathroom and laundry;
- in the pantry or dressing room - in cases where they need to enter from the living room. If their doors go into non-residential premises, provide a supply valve in the window opening or on the wall;
- in rooms, separated from existing ventilation ducts by several doors;
- exhaust and supply ventilation must be equipped in the boiler room;
- above the first floor, if there is an entrance door from the stairs, ventilation ducts should be provided in the above-listed rooms - or, in their absence, in the hall or in the corridor. If there is no such door, ducts for exhaust ventilation must be provided in all rooms.
In other rooms, in the absence of an exhaust duct, it is necessary to equip the supply valves located in the window opening or on the wall. It is necessary to provide exhaust ducts from rooms with a high humidity regime. Natural ventilation should also be provided under the floor of the planks of the first floor, as well as inside the socle area. In the presence of a basement, which is actively maintained and heated, it is necessary to equip it with ventilation similar to the first floor. It is also worth considering the following - if the descent into the basement is located inside the house, it must be separated from the living quarters with the help of a sealed door.
Natural ventilation - photo
