The base for the "decorative furnace" is mounted according to various technologies. But if the fireplace is installed in a wooden house, then the question of building a foundation for it requires special consideration, since many of the typical "projects" implemented in other houses, with reference to such simply do not fit. Before getting acquainted with the details of this work in detail, it is necessary to learn a number of rules concerning wooden structures.
First
The fireplace can not be installed directly on the floor or floor( with rare exceptions).A common mistake - "if I took care of fire safety measures, nothing will happen."It's not so much the "flammability" of the log, as in the strength of the structural elements. Even a small fireplace, considering the materials used, has a large mass. Will the "flooring" sustain the floor?
Second
Compliance of the dimensions of the furnace and room. A large fireplace, installed in a small room, literally "dry" it. And what is fraught with low humidity, and not only for the health of the household, but also for the life of things and materials, it is not necessary to explain. For example, excessive shrinkage of wood entails its deformation, including, in the form of twisting. At the junctions, in joints( fastenings) of another type, this will not be reflected in the best way.
Third
It is not possible to install a fireplace in the room according to the principle "where it is more convenient and more beautiful".It is a source of open flame, and even a small draft can initiate the ignition of a seemingly completely burnt out fuel. And if the owners leave? Therefore, there is a ban on the installation of such "home" in front of the openings of windows and doors( because no one will constantly fill the furnace with water, just in case).
Fourth
Of all the known types of fireplaces, considering the combustibility of wood, a variant of a stand-alone structure is acceptable for a wooden house. But the advisability of the recommendations for the arrangement of "foci" attached to the wall or built into it causes great doubts. Especially if it means "with your own hands," and even without the proper experience. For example, how correctly to mount a chimney( which is heated strongly) in a wooden wall? There are more than enough questions and more.
Features of foundation installation
Place
Something about this has already been said. It remains to clarify some points:
- The base for the fireplace must be separate. Use for this purpose part of the foundation of the house itself is prohibited. This is due to the difference in load and further shrinkage of structures.
- Between the walls of the foundations( buildings and firebox) there must be a gap( minimum 50 mm), which is filled with loose mass( usually ASG).This provides a "decoupling" of the bases, so the shrinkage of one does not affect the other.
Depth of foundation
As for all types of foundations - taking into account the depth of soil freezing. In some cases, it is possible to mount a plate-type base( if the groundwater is close to the surface, if the soil belongs to the problem category - clay, sandstone and a number of others).
The rule on depth can be ignored if, for example, the area of the house is significant, its foundation is well insulated, and the owners live permanently in the building( that is, it is heated all season).This ensures that under the building itself the soil will not freeze so much. It turns out that there are several options, but the meaning is clear - not to allow the fire to sink.
Area of foundation
It should protrude from all sides for perimeter of the furnace at least 50 mm.
Type of foundation
There are so many recommendations on this issue that it is worthwhile to dwell in more detail. When choosing a particular project, you should focus on:
- mass of the fireplace;
- ground characteristics;
- ease of excavation( this is relevant for already lived at home).
Tape Foundation
To build a monolithic( for example, reinforced concrete) it makes sense for a massive fireplace. It is better to use this option - block.
A cheaper technology is to fill in the prepared trench with natural stone, crushed stone or pebbles of large fractions, and on top - brick laying( the figure explains everything well).
Explanation: floor level( 1), brickwork( 2), cut off waterproofing( 3).
The foundation of the column
There are also many nuances here. Which material to choose? Probably, this option, as in the figure, is too expensive, and labor-intensive.
Upper: pos.5 - cutoff waterproofing.
Lower: pos.3 - leveling layer;Pos.4 - jumper rail( plate),
A more economical foundation is made of metal pipes, inside of which a solution is poured. If it is being built in the process of building a house, then it is possible to use ready-made reinforced concrete blocks. As a ceiling - reinforced concrete slab.
Brick monolith
Here is one of the options, although given the complexity of the work and the cost of materials, not everyone will choose it.
Materials
Several clarifications:
- For brick masonry, it is recommended to prepare a lime mortar. He is considered the best for this job. Preparation - dilute lime in water in a ratio of 1 to 3. Before the desired consistency, the mass is brought about by adding sand.
- All buried base parts must be protected from liquid( vertical waterproofing).Most often, it is equipped by coating the surfaces with greasy clay, diluted to the state of thick sour cream. As a rule, this is enough for a fireplace, especially if the foundation of the house is a ribbon monolith.
- In the process of preparing the foundation pit, clay is laid on the bottom and compacted. This results in the first layer of waterproofing, which protects the "pillow" under the masonry.