How to make a doorway in a bearing wall

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Most doorframes in panel houses are not supported and demolished. But with the right approach, you can make an opening in the bearing wall in any place. It is only necessary to take into account all the characteristics of the wall and to comply with all rules and norms for cutting the opening. The procedure for manufacturing a new opening can be divided into three stages: piercing the opening itself, decorating it and decorating it.

Draft of the opening and its alignment

In multi-storey buildings, almost all walls are bearing. Dismantling them without having the appropriate permission is illegal and can bear consequences. Before proceeding with the manufacture of the opening, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate permits in the organizations responsible for this. This is necessary not only for personal peace of mind, but also to get all the necessary information about the type of wall and its features in order to penetrate and strengthen the hole correctly.

Correctly fixed aperture in the supporting wall can be installed in any places with some exceptions: openings can not be made under the joints of load-bearing slabs of beams, ceilings, it is impossible to violate the integrity of columns and poles. Therefore, the organization of the opening must be started only if there is a plan of the room in its hands.

How to break through the opening of

When all the approvals have been passed and there is a ready project with permission, you can proceed to work. Their algorithm looks like this:

• Marking the wall under the future opening. It is necessary to note the place where the jumper will be placed. The bridge is the reinforcement structure that will support the slab after cutting holes in it. The bridge consists of bonded channels, the optimal number of which is two. The devices of the opening in the bearing wall without this part are dangerous consequences for the whole building.
• When all the markup points are aligned, through holes are drilled in the corners of the formed rectangle. As a result, working points are obtained from the other side of the wall.
• If the work is carried out in a brick wall, then it must be checked whether the jumper will support all of its elements. For this, it is necessary to remove part of the finish in those points where the channel will be installed according to the plan, and adjust the marking for the horizontal of the brickwork.

• With a chisel and a hammer, a niche is pierced, into which a jumper is further inserted.
• Through holes or punchers through holes for bolts are made.
• A niche formed at one end is filled with a solution, and the channel is inserted from the other. On the reverse side of the wall, the second channel is also installed in the same way. The space between these two structures and the wall is filled with a solution. Concrete does not fill only the space for the tightening fasteners of the bridge.
• Channel bars pull together with bolts. They pass through the holes left, put on washers and nuts, twist. It is best to use channel bars with a diameter of 20 mm, a step between them is 40 cm.
• Further work is carried out only after the solution dries completely.
• Cutting openings in the bearing walls is carried out in sequence, so as not to violate the integrity of the entire wall. Work is carried out gradually and in small sections. Drill the holes along the entire marked area every 2-3 cm, the diameter of the holes - 10-12 mm. The holes must be so large that between them you can hold 10-12 squares.
• With diamond cutting or a diamond-coated circle for the grinder, cut the whole body of the opening through the holes. Dust during these works can be cleaned using a construction vacuum cleaner or a water seal.
• Divide the total area of ​​the opening by 10-12 squares, which are then removed. The opening is ready, it remains only to strengthen and decorate it.

Tip: if it is not planned to repair the floor in the room in which a new doorway is organized, then it is recommended to make boards.

Strengthening the opening in the supporting wall

Before decorating a new opening, it must be strengthened in order to avoid the formation of cracks and deformation of the walls. The most common methods of amplification:

• single-row - ordinary reinforcement by the channel, suitable for concrete and brick walls;
• angled - openings are cornered;
• boxed, double-row with a tie rod - combines both single-row and angle method of amplification, the most complex and capital variant, which is suitable for complex structures and load-bearing walls.

Single-row gain has already been described above. It is preliminary and represents the organization of the construction of two channels, which are bolted and reinforced with concrete. This design has a drawback, which requires further decoration - the channels protrude from the wall to the width of their shelves and can spoil the appearance of the opening and room.

Angle reinforcement is most often used in panel houses. In this case, the opening is reinforced with two frames from the corners, which are installed on both sides of the wall and are connected with each other by steel plates on all sides of the door opening. In addition, the structure can be strengthened by anchor bolts or fittings, which are attached to chemical anchors.

The size of the corners is selected based on the floor on which the work is carried out, the thickness of the slab and the total number of storeys of the building. The minimum size of this part is 63x5 mm, the maximum size is 140х90х 12 mm. A very reliable method of amplification, since after the installation has been completed, it is possible to puncture its seams between the wall and the steel frame.

Box, double-row reinforcement is the most basic type of skin for the door opening. It is relevant for dilapidated buildings in which metalwork in an aperture should strengthen concrete or brickwork, rather than contribute to its destruction. To do this, all the seams and gaps between the structure and the wall are filled with a self-expanding solution. In the installation of this design, both corners and channels are used, which are located along the entire length of the opening.

External finish of the doorway

After finishing all work, the doorway must be trimmed. For this you can use wood, plastic, plasterboard, decorative stone or plaster mixes. The latter option is most attractive for its durability and ecological purity. Due to the lack of joints and fenders, the ready-made slope will look the most presentable. Another plus plaster - the solution will fill all the cracks and voids and further strengthen the entire structure. The process of the plastering of the door slopes looks like this:

1. First of all, it is necessary to once again make sure of the reliability of the entire structure, and then proceed to make the mortar. The solution is prepared in a ratio of 1 to 3 - 1 shovel cement 3 sand shovels.
2. A template is used for this type of work, which can be made from any strong sheet material. If you do not plan to install the door in the opening, then the corners should be protected with corner profiles. They are installed on both sides of the opening, and the space between them is filled with a solution, immediately removing all its surpluses and leveling the surface.
3. After drying the mortar, the doorway is painted over with acrylic based paint. Tip: for plastering the upper part of the opening, a little bit of alabaster can be added to the solution, it will speed up the hardening process and the layers will not fall off.
4. For deep doorways, it is possible to use gypsum board finish. Plus, this type of finishing is also in the fact that you can easily give the opening any shape.

The plasterboard finish is very simple:

1. From the large sheet cut out the stripes, the size of which corresponds to the size of the doorway.
2. The surface of the opening is treated with alabaster or cement to smoothness to fill all the voids under the slope.
3. Drywall is glued to the surface with glue. You can fasten the sheets on a special L-shaped profile.
4. The opening is covered with decorative plaster.
5. You can use not plasterboard, but plastic panels or decorative stone. But the most durable and reliable way to finish the door slopes specialists recognize the cement screed, which has already been described above. The doorway is subjected to a variety of mechanical influences, which drywall or plastic panels can not withstand. In case of violation of their integrity, replacement of the entire slope design will be necessary. Cement screed can easily be repaired and lead to a pristine appearance.

Doorway decoration

If the doorways in the bearing walls are created open, that is, without the subsequent installation of doors in them, this gives a wide range of imagination in the further decoration of the hole. To organically fit a new opening into the entire room, you can use the tips below.

• Arrangement of an opening with an arch. This design is one of the most popular. It helps to smooth the sharp corners of the doorway, remove unnecessary doors, and the space that has freed up behind them occupies a shelf or a picture. There are two main options for arch organization. The first is ideal for a narrow opening. To implement it at the top of the opening is installed a thin structure - the frame, which is the basis for the profile. The frame is covered with plywood or plasterboard. The second option is suitable for wide openings, it helps to create designs of intricate shape, since on a larger area it is possible to create a skeleton of any configurations. The lateral sections are attached to imitation of U-shaped columns, this gives a special style and sophistication. The opening can be painted or plastered under a stone or marble, decorated with stucco or molding. Another interesting solution for a wide opening is the installation of shelves in it. When installing the frame, space is left for the equipment of the built-in shelves along the side part of the opening. Arch arches can be made asymmetric or symmetrical, of any radius.

• Decorating with mosaic or stained glass. Open areas of the opening are decorated with stained glass or mosaic tiles. They are sold in any store of goods for repair and building materials. The sheets of such decorate are simply glued: on small parts of the wall, glue is applied, on which small pieces of jewelry are fastened, you need to move from top to bottom.
• Decoration with columns and semi-columns. This kind of decor looks luxurious, but it is suitable only for openings in rooms with high ceilings - from 2.5 m. Columns are produced in the form of hollow structures, which consist of a body, base and capitals. They are simply cut and mounted. Half-columns are also covered by pipes and risers in a small room to improve the interior.
• Decoration molding. These products are available in a variety of configurations and can be very florid. Molding is fixed to the glue, and then covered with paint of any color.
• Curtains design. Curtains can be purchased already made or made by yourself. The original design solution - curtains, consisting of threaded beads and decorative elements of any shape. To produce such a decor, you only need to think about colors, purchase materials and strengthen the cornice over the doorway, on which the product will then be fixed. Specialists in human psychology conducted a series of studies that showed that curtains of hanging threads have a beneficial effect on mood, give positive emotions and create inner comfort.