Drip irrigation at the dacha with their own hands. Video instruction

Public and inexpensive means of land reclamation are drip irrigation systems. The use of drip irrigation systems makes it possible to achieve early growth and ripening of plant fruits, to increase the yield of seeds, seedlings, planting material or trees 2-2.5 times. Due to the point irrigation of the root system, weed growth slows down, the spread of pests of cultivated plants and diseases is prevented.

As an alternative to traditional watering equipment, hoses and sprinklers, drip irrigation at the cottage twice reduces water consumption during irrigation. For those who want to automate the process of water supply, there are modern innovative developments. They allow you to program in the specified parameters the operation of drip irrigation in time with the required sequence of functions. Arrange drip irrigation at the cottage or make drip irrigation in the garden under the power of any home master who does not have special knowledge of hydraulic engineering. It is sufficient to understand the principle of operation of the system under consideration and to have the initial skills of constructing pipelines from plastic materials.

Drip irrigation system in the country. Photo

Types of drip irrigation

To arrange drip irrigation, you must first choose one of the most appropriate for the method of irrigation, types:

Drip hose .The main element of this design is a thick-walled pipe. It is made, as a rule, from polyethylene and withstands pressure up to 3 atm. This allows you to carry out the supply of water for a distance of hundreds of meters. At regular intervals, emitters or droppers are mounted in the shell of the hose. They are designed for a certain water flow. Usually it is 1-2 l / h. The system is installed using plastic fitting connections. The system is suitable for use on the ground in a private backyard farm. It is possible to disassemble the system in winter for closed storage until the next watering season.

With drip strip , connected to the main hose. It represents a thin-walled( 0.12-0.6 mm) flexible tube with an internal diameter, most often OE16 or OE22 mm. It is realized in a folded state in the form of bays or small windings. For such tapes fit fittings and connectors of standard diameters of 1/2 and 3/4 inches. The length of the irrigation line from the tape can reach 400-450 m. The capacity of the tapes is up to 500 l / h.

Using external microdrops ( injectors or different models of sprinklers) with a certain standard of consumable water. They are provided with watering by drops or micro-jets, the intensity of which, in some models, is regulated. Droppers are placed on the outside of the plastic pipes or attached tubular - branches. Can be installed on non-perforated( without holes) hose at any distance using self-punched fittings.

How does drip irrigation work with gravity?

Drip irrigation at the dacha can be carried out by gravity-type by gravity from the water intake tank. Arrange drip irrigation using a barrel, a tank or another tank, filled from a network of water pipes, a natural water intake or sheltered rainwater. Drip irrigation systems are sensitive to clogging with algae, zooplankton and suspended particles, including rust. Therefore, it is not possible to use water from every open water body, and the container can be chosen from a material that is not susceptible to corrosion or destruction. It may be a used barrel or a tank made of synthetic material, plastic, galvanized iron, covered from falling leaves, debris or trithes, cover. The volume of the barrel is chosen in accordance with the needs to ensure sufficient watering without a permanent replenishment of moisture reserves. Enter the water from the tank should be continuous. The necessary expense for irrigation of each country site is individual, but each summer resident should know the required daily water flow in his own garden, garden or greenhouse. Based on the consumption standard, 1 tomato bush requires water 1.5 liters, cucumbers and potatoes 2l, cabbage 2.5 liters daily, etc. Knowing the number of seedlings / tree trunks of growing crops, you can calculate the total demand for water. It will also be necessary to correctly select the appropriate model of the drip irrigation system for a particular suburban area.

The capacity should be located at an altitude of 1.0-2.0 m from the ground to provide water pressure in the water supply network of 0.1-0.2 atm. From the tank, water must be treated as clean as possible. The hole for draining is best cut at a height of 10 cm from the bottom, so that the accumulated sediment does not enter the hose. Such a homemade water intake unit should be equipped with a mesh, or other design, filter. When using herbicides and fertilizers, it is allowed to dilute the liquid form of the preparations in a special node of fertigation. After fertigation, the irrigation system must be filled with clean water and allowed to work for several minutes in order to clean it. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the filter, it should be cleaned and washed once a week. Gravity systems, due to low pressure, have a limitation - only uncompensated droppers can be used in them. Compensated drippers that maintain a constant water pressure are not used because of low pressure.

Drip irrigation in a small area with your own hands. Video

Recommendations for installation and maintenance of the drip irrigation system

Any drip irrigation systems consist of components and components, without which the normal operation of the irrigation devices is not possible. During the construction of the drip irrigation system for the dacha,

• water intake unit, tank, well, well / well is sequentially assembled and installed:To assemble and connect to a water tank, OE 3/4 "components are required: male thread and tap with internal thread
• screen mesh / disc filter if water contains hydrobionts or impurities with a particle size of more than 0.13 mm
• Nodewater saturation fertilization with etching agents and fertilizers or supplying nutrient solutions for hydroponics. It represents the container in which the preparations are bred. It is connected in the right place with the irrigation system through the tube with the injector-injector.
• Backbone distributionitelny conduit of polyethylene plastic tubes IPA OE of 32 mm or other corresponding system requirements, durable material
• distribution network of lines -. microtubes or tapes with droppers / droppers without

.

• As fastening elements of the connection of linear sections during the installation of drip irrigation system, a wide variety of accessories are additionally used. These are fittings - adapters or start - connectors for drip tapes, corners and drums. In more complex systems, tees, splitters or "spiders" are used, as is commonly called, minifolds. When laying drip irrigation with your own hands, you should take into account the important points:
• Trunk HDPE pipe is laid perpendicular to the rows of beds for easy connection of the branches.
• To make the drip irrigation system resistant to contamination, a plug is installed at the end of the HDPE pipe of the irrigation pipeline, which is removed when washing / purging the main line.
• When using a band structure, the start-connector is first screwed into the drilled holes of the pipe, and then the tape itself is tightly put on it. From the opposite end, it is muffled. For this purpose, a strip in the form of a ring with a width of 1 cm is cut from the tape. The end of the tape is turned up and this detachable ring is tightly put on it. This is done for the same reason - sealing with the ability to rinse or purge the clogged sections of the tape.

Choosing a drip irrigation tape

When choosing a tape to make drip irrigation on the garden, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities inherent in different types of tape devices.

So, the feature of tapes like " Labyrinth " is the presence on the surface of the material of the built-in constructive element - the labyrinth. It slows the movement of the water stream in the trunk of the belt and orders its outflow through the outlets. However, this manufacturing technology with an external location of the labyrinth has a significant drawback. High probability of damage to the maze when laying the tape.

In tapes of the slot type, water holes are cut out on the walls through a 20-100 cm laser. A labyrinth is built along the entire length of the tape to eliminate the turbulence of the moving water flow. When unwinding the tape is set "maze up" to ensure a uniform flow of water through the water outlets. These tapes provide the most simple and inexpensive way of watering. It should be borne in mind that slotted tapes require good filtration up to 0.08 mm.

The emitter type tapes are distinguished by the additional fitting of holes with built-in flat droppers, "inverted".This is a feature of this type: the drippers are not located outside, but are placed on the inner surface of the wall of the tape water conduit. The vortical turbulent flow of water arising in this constructive design inside the belt contributes to the self-cleaning of the droppers.

Belt conduits with wall thicknesses up to 0.16-0.2 mm are used when it is required to drip irrigation on the ground surface. For underground laying, tapes with shell thicknesses greater than 0.2 mm are used.

Drip irrigation system with their own hands

Let's consider the self-made drip irrigation construction with our own hands on an example of a 1.5-hectare site. It has 8 rows of planted plants at 15 meters in length. It will take 120-130 m of drip tape with a perforation / emitter pitch of 0.3 m, providing a throughput of 3.8 l / h. It should be noted that this water flow rate corresponds to a pressure of 1 atm, which can not be created by using a tank with water at the dacha. It would be necessary to raise the tank to a height of 10 m. Therefore, we are guided by the pressure in the irrigation system of 0.1 atm provided by the installation of the tank at an elevation of one meter. The weir will decrease three times due to the low head and amount to 1.2 l / h. This will require an increase in watering time by a factor of 3.To do the drip irrigation, we perform the following actions in sequence:

1. Connect a 3/4 "male thread to the hose coming out of the tank.
2. Connect the tap with internal 3/4" thread, then filter. We use, if necessary, a futurka to switch from the internal to the external thread.
3. Connect the main pipe through the PE coupling and lay it perpendicularly to the irrigation bands. For irrigated area up to 3 hectare, the diameter of the OE pipe is 32 mm. Usually it fits along the fence or next to the wall of the greenhouse. Pay attention to the peculiarities of the relief: the main pipe is laid horizontally, and the drip tapes are sloped. The end of the pipe at the other end of the plot is muffled by the PE end cap with a handle or by installing a crane for preventive flushing.
4. Drill the holes in the pipe at each of the 8 beds, screw the fittings with rubber gaskets. Instead of fittings, it is recommended that cranes be used to disable any irrigation line. When making drip irrigation with your own hands, you can avoid this operation. In the range of trade there are models of pipes for drip irrigation, already equipped with start-connectors.
5. Cut off the emitter tape pieces and lay along the length of the beds. One end of the line is worn on the fitting, the other end is damped by the previously discussed method.
6. To use one dropper for watering several bushes, we connect the pipe branch-minifolds to the dropper and lay the tubes in the root zone of the plants.

Drip irrigation with your hands. Assembly: video

Drip irrigation in the greenhouse

A feature of greenhouses is the cultivation of crops with a higher density of planting: parsley, celery, dill and other greens. And more dense, in comparison with growing in the open ground, a way of sowing or planting vegetables. Greenhouse cultivation, often, is distinguished by a small distance between plantings in the ridges and narrow row spacing. Plants in greenhouses grow much faster, bushy and give more shoots. It is important that some crops bring 2-4 crops a year. Therefore, drip irrigation should be stacked taking into account the increased water flow per m?glaze. It is required to adhere to the required water dosage and feed schedule, which varies greatly during the growing season and is individual for each crop.

When constructing drip irrigation with your own hands in the greenhouse it is recommended:

• Reduce the step connecting external droppers. If you can not find a pipe with a standard 15 or 30 cm emitter arrangement, you can buy a "blind" drip hose. It is used as a watering line, there are no water outlets, infusion can be made anywhere.
• Use drippers , the design of which is designed for irrigation, simultaneously, 2-4 consumers. To do this, connect the lengths of the tubes to each outlet and bring them to the plant bricks. More often use tees and minifolds to feed several plants from droppers, designed to water one bush.
• Use special peg - holders or spokes with tubes that are stuck in the right place and feed water into the substrate. Set the timers of the water shut-off after a specified period of time or equip with automation systems.

How to organize drip poly in the greenhouse. Video

How to organize automatic drip irrigation

Drip irrigation systems have become popular with summer residents not only due to the recognition of the owners of the irrigation method as a method of intensive farming. Or the general availability of systems - the ability to make a system of drip irrigation with their own hands, especially not spending on the purchase of components. They also became a civilized part of the agrarian culture, due to the equipping with means of automation.

The monitoring system with the help of a manometer and a reduction gear reducer allows to protect the irrigation structure against pressure surges when it is connected to the water supply network. Since the beginning of popularization, an immutable rule has been to complete the models of drip systems with timers. First, mechanical, and then, electronic timers with valves and shut-off valves were used. This allowed the summer resident, for example, to set the watering time for several hours and to leave for business. The system itself was switched off after a specified period of time. The presence of a controller in modern programmable systems allows you to change the intensity and time of water delivery using a complex algorithm. Convenience lies in the person's non-interference in the process of functioning for a long period, the opportunity, for example, to leave for a vacation. More complex automation systems are equipped with sensors and allow you to regulate the spreading of water along the lines, perform heating of irrigation, test the soil moisture, turn off the system during rain. To organize automatic watering, it is necessary to ensure the system's autonomy as much as possible: connect to a water supply network or supplement a well with a centrifugal pump for uninterrupted supply. After installing the drip irrigation system, the timer, controller and electrical devices must be powered from stand-alone batteries or backup / uninterruptible power supplies.

Drip irrigation in the greenhouse from the central water supply system: installation example

When tapping water from the drip irrigation, it is necessary to choose the method of connection to the water supply network. The system can be connected directly to the valve valve or via a storage tank. The standard pressure in the central water supply network is 4 atm. And in fact, taking into account the pressure surges and the water hammers, it can be 2-7.5 atm. However, in the mass application, low-pressure droplets of 0.2-1.5 atm pressure are used. To ensure that water under this pressure does not tear the drip irrigation system, a reduction pressure reducer is installed between the crane and the main pipe. The method of reducing the pressure for drip irrigation from the water pipe to operating values, can be connecting the system through a storage tank equipped with a bypass valve. The water from the water pipe fills the tank to a certain level, the float bypass valve is triggered and the supply line is blocked. The water from the filled reservoir located on the elevation, at any time, flows by gravity through the water outlet into the drip irrigation system. Consider the simplest design for giving. The drip irrigation must be stacked in the following order:

1. We collect the filtration unit from 2 filters: a mud filter and a fine filter. We connect the filters with couplers and wind the connectors, connect the device to the main hose.
2. The hose OE20 mm is laid along the central path of the site. Next to each bed, it is cut, a series of isolated segments will be obtained.
3. The segments are connected to each other in a pipeline in series with tees having one OE15 mm output.
4. These tapes are dressed with drip irrigation tapes and fixed with metal clips. The far end of the hose is also connected using a 20/15 connector. The open ends of the tapes are twisted and fixed with plastic clips.

How to make drip irrigation in the garden: making drippers with your own hands

The design of home-made drip irrigation in the garden can include elements that are not directly intended for irrigation, but successfully replace components specifically designed for it. First of all, this is a disposable medical dropper, designed for dispensing infusion solutions. They have a significant advantage. With a roller clamp, you can adjust the pouring speed - from drip to jet. They are used for drip irrigation systems, serving crops, differing dosage and schedule irrigation. In the garden they are suspended to the portable pegs in an upright position, the water enters the soil through the pipes.

Drip watering from bottles.

Video