When laying pipeline systems in the Russian reality it is necessary to take into account weather and climate conditions. The fact is that in each particular region there is a certain depth of freezing of the soil. The frozen ground adversely affects the pipes and can damage them. As a result, you will have to find a reasonable compromise between the depth of the sewer and the need to minimize the costs of digging trenches and laying the pipeline system.
Depth of sewerage in a private house
We are looking for a combination of reliability and price
Any construction work is based on engineering calculations, which, in turn, is a reasonable combination of the required reliability and efficiency of the structure and the price to be paid for its construction.
Laying of external sewer pipes
So, the main ways of laying external pipelines of sewage systems are open and closed. The sewer pipe can be laid in a trench as simply on a tamped sand cushion, or on a special tray that can be made of different materials.
In the event that there is a barrier in the form of a tray between the surface of the pipe and the ground, the equipment will last much longer, but this approach will increase the cost of the work.
Parameters that determine the depth of the sewage pipe
So, in order to calculate the depth at which the sewer pipes should be placed, you will have to consider the following factors:
- Depth of freezing of your soil type in your region,
- Location and depth of the septic tank or collector,
- Strength of the walls of the pipes used,
- Possible loads on pipes transmitted from the ground.
Laying the sewer pipe
One of the fundamental factors is the depth of soil freezing. It is determined based on the type of soil and climatic conditions in your region. And it can vary significantly.
However, these indicators are used mainly for the construction of large engineering networks for apartment buildings.
When designing and installing an autonomous sewer system in a private house on a countryside site, a normally unpressurized system is used in which the wastewater is moved by gravity, under the influence of gravity. To ensure the movement of the drain, the pipes are placed under a slope, so that in calculating the depth of occurrence, this factor must also be taken into account.
We calculate the depth of the pipes for private sewage in the Moscow region. Pipes of large diameter can be placed there at a depth of 1.1 meters. In this case, suppose that the autonomous cleaning station is 20 meters from our house.
Thus, taking into account the optimal slope of the sewage pipeline in 2 centimeters per running meter, we get the depth of the inlet branch pipe of the cleaning system of 1.5 meters and this in the case if the site has a perfectly even relief.
If you create a septic tank yourself from reinforced concrete rings, then in this case the depth of its bottom will reach 2.7 meters, and in the event that an autonomous industrial treatment plant is used - the amount of immersion will depend on its geometric dimensions.
Sewer pipe from house to well
Any land works have a certain price( or the length of time if you do it yourself.) Meanwhile, the penetration of the sewer system below the freezing level of the ground may not be appropriate, due to the following factors:
- Sewage drains from living in the dwelling have a positive, room temperature, so that the probability of freezing of sewage, especially with small linear sizes of sewage remains low.
- If the sewerage system does not work then there is nothing to freeze in it( unlike the water supply system, in which water is constantly under pressure,
- In addition, the septic tank or the cleaning equipment are themselves the heat sources that are released as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms.
Due to the impact of these factors, the depth of the sewage pipeline system can be reduced, for the Russian middle strip it can be damped to a value of up to 70 centimeters, which will allow systemsto function efficiently even in winter. Drain from the sewer house should be located at a depth of at least half a meter, as the heat from the house adds additional heating to the pipes
Connection to the centralized network
When connecting to the main sewerage network, in addition to the depth of freezing, there is a factor of depthpoints of connection to the central collector. Therefore, to calculate the system, the depth of the exit point from the house should clearly know the location of the inlet branch pipe of the reception seweronnogo collector. In the event that you do not succeed
If you plan to connect the sewer to the central network, the main factor influencing the depth of the gasket is the location of the connection point. If you lay your pipeline below the location of the central collector, the system will not work, because the liquid can not move by gravity.
There are two solutions to this problem:
- You can equip your sewage system with a pressure pump that will feed the sewage to the point of contiguity to the main manifold. Of course, in this case, the system will have to supply power and in the event of a power outage, the formation of clogs is possible.
- The sewer system piping can also be insulated. This can be done both by covering the pipes with thermal insulation material, and by arranging the insulation acting on the electrical network or from the hot water supply system( if any).
In any case, if you lay pipes in the open ground without the use of protective trays, then they should be waterproofed. On the pipes condensate can be collected, which in a short period of time will render the heat-insulating layer unusable.
Thermal insulation of pipes with a passive method or active with the use of heating cables should be made in regions with particularly cold climatic conditions. In such regions, it makes no sense to deepen the sewage pipelines below the freezing level of the soil, since it can reach tens of meters. In this case, without active heating of the sewer pipes is indispensable.
We take into account the strength characteristics of
pipes Another factor affecting the design depth of the sewage system is the strength of the pipes used. The most popular in recent years are PVC sewer pipes, which perfectly combine reasonable price and high quality.
But note that plastic pipes have certain restrictions on use, which must be described in the manufacturer's specifications. Pipes that are recommended to be used for laying external sewerage tend to have stronger walls, since they will have a more active external impact.
So, if you plan to install a sewage pipeline with a large depth, over which there will be a road or an actively used site, it makes sense to choose specialized equipment. Such loads can withstand, for example, a double-ply corrugated pipe made of high-strength polyethylene.
It is possible to distinguish such products with increased strength from conventional sewer pipes in orange-brown color, which is formed from the presence of special additives that increase the rigidity of the product. Such a pipeline can be deepened under the earth by three meters.
We carry out earthworks for the laying of the sewer
Depending on the volume of excavation you can use both manual and mechanized method of laying sewage pipes.
With a large laying depth and the use of pipelines with a large cross-section, it makes sense to use an excavator whose width of the bucket will allow the pipe to be laid along with the fixing tray.
In the same case, if a sewage system is to be laid in a densely built-up area, then there is no alternative to the manual trenching method.
In any case, when using a manual or mechanical method, do not forget that the depth of the trench formed must be at least half a meter lower than the calculated depth of the pipes. These 50 centimeters are used to create a sand cushion.
The order of installation of the external sewage pipeline
After creation of a trench manually or mechanically on its bottom the sand pillow thickness about half a meter is formed.
Radom on the ground laid out the necessary elements of the pipeline system( themselves, pipes, connecting fittings, trays, etc.),
Starting from the foundation form the pipeline. It is desirable that the place of withdrawal of the general sewage drainage be created even during the casting of the foundation foundation. Otherwise, you have to remove the pipe through a concrete wall.
Use silicone grease when connecting the sewerage system elements. As a rule, plastic pipes are connected without using additional fasteners.
When organizing the rotation of the pipeline, use the fittings.
In the event that the total length of the sewerage pipeline exceeds 12 meters - it is necessary to create an intermediate inspection well.
After connecting all pipes, run the system test with different parameters, using the maximum load. In this case, you not only find out the correct formation of the angle of inclination of the pipes, but also check the tightness of the system.
When backfilling, it is desirable to fill the pipe with water. In any case, carefully compact the soil or sand only on the sides of the pipe, without doing this operation over its top.
The thickness of the sand bed of the system above the pipe should not be less than 15 centimeters. Only after the formation of this layer is proceeded to backfilling with soil.
In conclusion, you can watch a video tutorial on laying sewer pipes.
