Belt foundation with your own hands - video about calculation, device and fill yourself.

We choose the most profitable method for the installation of a strip foundation

There are two ways of laying a strip foundation:

• brick assembly;
• pouring concrete.

In the first case, the plinth under the bearing walls is built of bricks or reinforced concrete blocks, in the second - monolithic concrete reinforced with reinforcing mesh( buta) is used. The assembled ribbon foundation can be made by hand quite quickly, as you can see by watching the video on our website. But because of the numerous joints in the construction between the bricks, such a foundation is rather unstable in the abyssal and complex soils, and rarely a site with a homogeneous soil is found.

Another problem is the creation of an ideal masonry brick in the basement. The laying of the assembly-type belt foundation is performed only from the whole elements( it is strictly forbidden to use the broken brick inside the masonry) and requires high skill from the mason.

But the monolith, on the contrary, is "woven" from some merit. First, such a device is suitable for almost any composition of soil on the site. Secondly, there is not a single seam in its construction, which makes such a ribbon foundation a champion in "longevity"( with proper insulation of the blind area and underground tapes - from 150 years).Prefabricated foundations are three times inferior to a monolithic socle according to the duration of its service life.

The third, and most weighty argument - cheap cost. Even the most expensive brand of concrete for a strip foundation will cost an average of 35-40% cheaper than a composite sole made of bricks. On the rate of deposition, he, of course, is inferior to the "rival", but in the aggregate of other useful properties - confidently leads and is considered the most reliable "sole."

In view of such an impeccable reputation, today we will take a detailed look at the step-by-step instructions on how to fill a strip foundation. But before proceeding to the description of the practical part of the workflow, it is necessary to learn the main nuances of designing a monolithic socle.

Building for the Centuries: calculation and layout of the strip foundation

The basic document describing what should be the device of the strip foundation - the drawing. It contains all linear calculations of the future foundation, which are necessary in order to correctly distribute all the loads in the system.

Errors in the plan threaten in the future a global catastrophe for the constructed building, and repair the underground part of the cap, oh, as not easy, and sometimes completely impossible. Therefore, remember: if you want a strong and reliable tape foundation - the calculation should be carried out in accordance with all building codes and rules. Here are the main excerpts from them:

• The depth of the strip foundation is determined only on the basis of the geo-survey conducted on the site. The expert will determine the composition of the soil, the level and differences in groundwater, will answer how to properly protect the foundation during seasonal "unrest."For example, for undulating soils, the best option would be an unclipped belt foundation, and in northern regions the depth of deposition will vary from the freezing level of the soil.
• The width of the can be calculated using a special formula: base area = building weight / soil resistance coefficient. All supporting data can be found in the builder's handbook( for example, the weight of individual parts of the building, the properties of the ground).
• The foundation diagram of the tape with reinforcement is selected based on the above linear parameters of the tapes and all the total loads on them . To do this, use a number of mathematical formulas, but in order to facilitate the task, enter all available data in the program-counting on any construction site. So you quickly determine the diameter and density of the reinforcing mesh.
• The can not be installed in parts. It is not necessary to do long breaks in work, thereby weakening the monolithic structure of the base by a seam joint.

Separate conversation requires waterproofing the ribbon foundation. It can be produced both before laying the sole, and after - it all depends on your specific conditions. In the first case, in the excavated trenches, a pillow is made under the belt foundation of compacted sand and crushed stone, on which several layers of roofing material and liquid bitumen are used. Only after this can begin construction of a strip foundation. In the second case, they are waterproofed in parts, in two stages: the finished sole is well coated with liquid bitumen and purchased waterproofing mastic.

All these rules are true for both large and small construction projects. Whether it's a fence made from corrugated boarding on a ribbon foundation or a two-storey bathhouse on the same basis - in both cases, the technology of the ribbon foundation will require clear and verified calculations.

Instructions for installing the ribbon foundation with your own hands

There are many original finds on the organization of works of the zero cycle on the Internet. But the most reliable step-by-step instruction that really helps to properly build a band foundation with your own hands is the technology described in SNiP.Chips chips, and the classic calculation will not fail.

We offer you a step-by-step instruction for the construction of a strip foundation( video process is attached):

1. Earthwork. The plot is leveled and cleared from the upper soft layer of earth( 5-10 cm).According to the prepared drawing, marking is performed( with margin in width, depth and length of 20 cm).Then dig trenches, focusing on stretched ropes, exactly repeating the "route" of tapes in the ground.
   

   Marking for a strip foundation

2. Installation of a drainage "substrate". On the leveled bottom of the pit, a layer of sand( 10 cm) is covered and carefully packed( with periodic watering).Then, on top of the pieces, lay the gravel( 5 cm) and just squeeze it into the sandy "carpet" - the cushion under the tape foundation, made using technology, will avoid further cracks due to temperature and sediment changes.
3. Pouring the starting concrete layer. Over the "cushion" fill the starting layer of concrete( 6-10 cm).It will be a kind of stand for the reinforcing mesh. After it has solidified, the bottom is carefully insulated( for example, roofing material or bitumen grease).
4. Installation of formwork. It is mounted on both sides of the trench( when calculating the distance of 10 cm from the edge) and every 0.5-1 m is insured with supports. According to the technology, the best formwork for the band foundation is obtained from plywood. Although suitable and simple wooden planks, which must be docked well among themselves, to prevent the appearance of cracks between the parts of the "fence."
   

   Formwork for strip foundation

5. Insert reinforcing mesh. At the bottom of the frozen starting substrate, pre-bonded reinforcing bars are installed. Blocks are carefully docked together by means of contact welding or a simple wire.
6. Pouring concrete. By technology, the sole is poured in parts. First, the first 20-25 cm, then carefully punching the mixture with a special "chopper"( as air bubbles and "pockets" are expelled).Then the process repeats. And so before reaching the desired level of height of concrete tapes.
7. Waterproofing of the strip foundation. All over the socle you need to walk first with liquid bitumen, making sure that there are no gaps, and after it is completely frozen, it is waterproofed with ready-made mastic.

As you can see from the video and instructions, it's not so difficult to fill the tape foundation with your own hands, the main thing is to follow the step-by-step instructions and do everything quickly and smoothly. After the upper layer of the tapes is leveled, the sole should be wrapped with a tarpaulin and periodically watered. Continue construction work can only be three weeks later.