Grounding in a private house with his own hands: 220V and 380V

Protective grounding greatly reduces the stress under which people can enter

Grounding device mandatory not only for private homes, but also for any of the industrial equipment, electrical installations and other domestic purposes. ground loop reduces the risk of overloading, fire equipment, and increases the safety of working with him.

Elements of ground loop

grounding scheme in a private home includes the following elements:

• three earthing switch vertical type, which are driven into the ground, they can be shaped bracket;
• three horizontal steel strips which are interconnected vertical grounding;
• steel strip, which acts as a conductor between the ground circuit and the switchboard.

Installation of ground in a private house can hold his own

Useful advice! For ground loop can not use fixtures, as its surface is rapidly oxidized and does not allow even distribution of electrical current.

Typically, the ground loop is executed in the form of an isosceles triangle, which is located at a distance of 1-3 meters from the house foundation. It is at this distance dug a trench depth of about a meter, which are stacked horizontal contour elements. Vertical steel elements are driven to a depth of about 3 m so that about 20 cm remained on the surface.

Scheme lightning protection system location. The numbers indicate the placement tokovodov. Dotted lines show the ground elements connected to the lightning tokovodami

Then the contour perimeter welded steel strip that connects the vertical pins. Steel core for grounding to the chassis screws of the switchboard. How to make ground loops in a private house more efficient? To do this, place the joint conductors and earthing circuit must be thoroughly cleaned. Also, one option - a lining of a steel strip with a sectional area of ​​not less than 16 mm² of the switchboard to the contour.

Another option to increase the efficiency of grounding - a replacement of steel wires to a flat steel strip. Because of the larger area of ​​contact with the ground current conduction she also higher. However, the steel strip is laid in the ground harder than wire, it has to be laid in the ground to pieces, and then to weld them together. When this method is used exclusively by welding.

Driving device private home ground

If you have read or heard, how to make a proper grounding in private homes, then you probably know, that the use of a compound of structural elements for the bolts can lead to very negative consequences. The fact that the bolts are oxidized fast enough, because of what the circuit ceases to conduct electricity. For the same reason it is impossible to paint the frame contour, since due to paint current stops flowing into the ground.

Useful advice!If the unit ground loop can not do without the use of screws, they must be placed above the surface of the soil, to be tightened securely and thoroughly cleaned. From time to time, the bolts should be lubricated with a special conductive grease.

Operating ground will not prevent a stationary household appliances, increasing their safety and technical performance

How to ground in a private house with his own hands: 220V and 380V with the old wiring

Many owners of private houses and apartments is not hearsay familiar with the problem with the old and worn-wiring, to which can be very difficult to bring the ground. The only sure option in this case - is a complete replacement of the old post a new one. However, not everyone can afford it, so sometimes you have to make do with what there is.

If you can not replace all the wiring, it should at least install new sockets, switches and junction boxes. You do not need to change their locations. When installing new outlets is a very important point - is the control ground wires. They should be in distribution boxes and go to the ground bus through the switchboard. Her mount is mounted on the shield case.

connection RCD grounding allows for the most complete and reliable scheme of human Electrical, household appliances, electrical wiring and installations

Another relatively simple and cheap option of how to make a grounding in private homes - completely turning off the old wiring. In this case, it is simply disconnected from the board and remains in the wall, and new wiring is laid out. For this purpose, well-serve plastic housings, and new switches and sockets can be installed in existing holes in the walls.

To update the distribution boxes, it will be enough just to remove them from the old wires. New wiring diagram is going relatively easy if there are all the necessary accessories at hand:

• cable channels to protect external wiring;
• wire;
• sockets, switches and junction boxes.

If you need to carry out new wiring in an old house and carry the electrical equipment grounding, it will also have to install a new switchboard. In this case, the old wiring, you can leave, but connected to it there is only low-power appliances.

A three-phase circuit panel in a private house with separated neutral and earth conductor: 1 - plastic or metal housing shields; 2 - connecting elements Nolev working conductors; 3 - a connecting element PE conductor, and the potential equalization; 4 - the phase conductors connecting element group networks; 5 - differential current switch; 6 - breakers; 7 - group line circuits; 8 - the differential circuit-breaker; 9 — counter

Overhaul of electrical wiring in an old house - a long and expensive, more secure version of the budget themselves from the fire and the possibility of a short circuit - a supplement to this wiring single wire ground. It can even be laid inside the wall, but just to lay in a plastic cable channel.

The advantages of this option are clear: the cable channel fits perfectly into any interior and well attached to any material. The channel is usually performed between the distribution boxes and from the switchboard. At each junction box all grounding wires should be connected together and enter the ground bus.

The most preferred colors of the wires for Russia, Belarus and Ukraine

Grounding Requirements

Grounding - the connection parts of electric devices to the grounding circuit. It is mounted so that a voltage which may occur on the device, leaving the ground. There are the following parts of the earth:

1. Earthing - a set of conductors that are in electrical contact with the ground.
2. Grounding device - earthing plus grounding wires.
3. Conductor - a compound of the appliance, which can be energized to earth.

Useful advice!Earthing must always be made of unpainted metal with a good power line, otherwise it will be ineffective.

Any ground characterized by a number of parameters, the most important of them - is spreading resistance. It is this parameter value indicates how easily the electric current will cover the distance from the body of the appliance to the ground. The lower the spreading resistance, the better. This setting affects the depth of bookmarks ground rods, soil moisture, the metal of the wires are made, and much more.

Electrical connection of the CT system: grounding is independent from the power supply

By the way, the best place to dig in the ground contours in a private house with his own hands - this is the north side of the house, as there is usually a maximum of soil moisture. Accordingly, the spreading resistance is smallest.

By grounding must meet the following requirements:

• vertical rods length should not be less than 16 mm;
• horizontal - 10 mm;
• The minimum thickness of steel - 4 mm;
• minimum diameter steel pipes - 32 mm.

How to mount grounding

Before installation, ground loop is necessary to choose a place for him. On selected for clogging Web sites should not be any communication, but in order to see this, We need to agree on land with the corresponding services: gas, water, telephone and heat energy supply. Even if you are sure that no communication is not on your site, it is best to check this through the appropriate service, or repair of damaged lines will be very expensive.

Installation of ground loop in the yard of a private house

An ideal place for the ground loop arrangement - blind area home. It is best to do the contour line, you can also lay it around the perimeter, if it is money, time and desire. In most cases ground is in the form of different geometric shapes, such as triangle, rectangle or polyhedron. Linear editing circuit is good because if you want and need it you can always increase.

How to make ground in a private home as simple as possible? It is sufficient to drill using a hand drill hole depth of about 2 m and a drive rod to a first earthing. If he went into the ground easily, the next you can drive a little deeper, but do not exceed a depth of 3 meters, or earthing can simply get stuck.

Elements modular system Dowelled ground

After all grounding hammered into the ground, they have to be cut on top of about 15-20 cm below ground level. Then therebetween must dig a ditch corresponding depth at which to lay connecting rods. Secure can be welded or bolted connections, but the latter option would have to check periodically cleaned of rust and pull contacts.

Useful advice! Best interconnect elements grounding circuit is by welding. Then you will not have to constantly check the circuit, and the spreading resistance will remain constant even after several years.

Grounding in a private house with his own hands 220 and 380 has a different resistance. When properly installed, the first embodiment makes it to 30 ohms, the second - to 10 ohms. This option also depends on soil resistivity, which paved path, for example, to the rocky ground high rates is impossible.

Ground loop installation process for a country house

Remember that when the three-phase power, make sure to do grounding in a private house with his own hands 380V.

What not to do when installing grounding

The principle of operation is based on the ground of the elementary laws of physics. One of them says that the larger the circuit area of ​​contact with the ground, the ground is more efficient. It follows some simple rules:

1. Do not assume that a metal pin driven into the ground, enough for a full-fledged ground loop. The best option - one or two triangles, buried to a depth of about 3 m.
2. In no case do not use for the installation of ground loop metal products, which have a hardened surface, such as rails, valves or channels. Because of the high density surface contact with the ground can be very poor or nonexistent.

The larger the loop contact area with the ground, the ground is more efficient

If the choice between one or two ground loops, as well as to calculate the total area, it is necessary to focus on the number and total capacity of electrical appliances in the house. If it is just about grounding the washing machine with his hands, then there would be enough and one small triangle, but if your house is a lot more electrical appliances, it is better not to take risks and make the ground around the perimeter houses.

Useful advice! Whichever you choose metal for mounting the earthing circuit, it will still be susceptible to corrosion, which in 2-3 years can reduce the efficiency of the circuit to a minimum. Therefore, before the circuit elements dig in the ground, they should be coated with special protective conductive coatings.

When mounting the grounding electrodes are welded to three corners of length 1.5 meters

Grounding in a private house with his own hands 220 and 380 have to be deeper than 1 m. Otherwise, Housing capacity may become higher than the capacitance of the circuit, leading to the appearance and growth excess current within network. This, in turn, can cause serious damage to the electrical equipment located in the house.

Good grounding should continue to increase in cross-section. For example, if the conductor sectional area which goes from the switchboard is 5 mm², the belt section should be twice as large, and pins driven into the ground - twice the tape.

Related article:

Grounding in the country with their own hands. The circuit of electrodes. Location grounding elements and strapping. earthing arrangements in private homes, the materials for circuit assembly.

The ground is different from the lightning rod

Many people mistakenly confuse the ground in a private house with his own hands 220 and 380 with a lightning rod, or, more correctly, a lightning rod. In fact, there is a difference. Grounding is done to ensure that emerged in the power surplus electricity goes into the ground, without overloading the electrical circuit. A lightning arrester also removes atmospheric electrical charge in the ground. But the grounding circuit is always running, but the lightning rod - only when it was struck by lightning.

If you need installation of a lightning rod in a private house with his own hands, it is not necessary to load it features conventional ground loop. Why? Because lightning rod must divert the charge of atmospheric electricity into the ground so that it does not pass through the house. Otherwise conductor or its fastening may heat up to a very high temperature, which in turn may lead to a fire.

Driving device rope lightning

When installing the ground loop should take into account that the current in it is much less than the lightning. In addition, the installation of the circuit provides a two-way process: the current flows not only to the zero conductor, but also from her. That is, if you mount the grounding in a private house with his own hands 220 and 380 and combine it with the functions of the lightning rod, the lightning charge can not fully go into the land, and return to the internal network. Because of this, network congestion may occur, failure of electrical or fire.

So is it possible to combine the ground circuit and a lightning rod? Yes, if you use this specialized circuits factory production. They will allow you to combine the two functions, but the cost of such a circuit will be higher than two separate devices.

Scheme lightning conductor protection zone

What is the difference vanishing and grounding

Many people mistakenly confuse the two terms, although they have a very big difference. The vanishing is intended for use in industrial plants, but most developers neglect this rule, setting the contours of vanishing in homes. It is not safe and is done or due to lack of knowledge, or to save, if desired.

Useful advice! If a three-wire cable (zero, ground, phase) is installed in a single-phase electrical wiring system, and three-phase - five-wire (three phases instead of one), then it is definitely grounded without vanishing.

It is important to remember that the vanishing calculated only on the likelihood of a short circuit and serves as a ground. This feature is very useful when using industrial equipment, but absolutely useless in a residential, quite the contrary. For example, if the appliance is brought to the neutral wire, in case of erosion or if you inadvertently confuse with zero phase, the equipment can easily burn.

Vanishing calculated solely on the likelihood of a short circuit and performs the grounding function

If, nevertheless, you decide to mount with grounding kit for private homes and vanishing, it is highly recommended to install additional safety equipment. For example, very popular and voltage limiter device tripping apparatus.

Popular manufacturers and prices for Grounding Kits

Installation of ground on its own - it is a labor-intensive process, so if you do not have the time, desire or skills, it is much easier to order ready-made kits are popular manufacturers:

• The 10th - a popular domestic manufacturer that offers a grounding kit for mounting at various depths. Mounting depth varies from 6 to 30 m, and the price - from 6000 to 25000 rubles;
• ZandZ - universal grounding in the form of one or more electrode assembly type stainless steel. Mounted to a depth of 10 m, the price depends on the number of electrodes, the depth of the installation and other parameters. The average cost of the kit for mounting on a 5 m - 23,000 rubles;
• Galmar - another popular manufacturer of prefabricated for grounding electrodes. Installation is possible at a depth of 30 meters, will cost a set of 42,000 rubles;

Example grounding kit from the manufacturer's factory

• Elmast - grounding kits from domestic producers. Made of stainless steel, supplied unassembled, can be mounted to various depths. Characterized by a long service life. A distinctive feature of these earth electrodes - high resistance to aggressive chemical environments and adverse natural phenomena. Average price per set to be mounted on a 6-meter depth - 9000 rubles;
• Ezetek - relatively inexpensive kits with average performance. Advantageous set of advantages for mounting to a depth of 6 meters - the price of 6000 rubles.

There are many other manufacturers offering both already completely ready sets for private home ground, as well as individual components. Trust in this matter has only proven companies. It also makes sense to listen to the recommendations of friends, or at least read the reviews on the discussion forums. If you want to know exactly how to make ground in private homes, on the Internet you can find a lot of videos and photo instructions on this topic.

Installation of ground with their hands circuit

General tips on arrangement of ground in a private house

If you do not want to use ready-made factory set ground and firmly decided to make ground in the house with his own hands, it is necessary to remember some simple rules:

• Always consider the corrosion resistance under its influence grounding materials may increase;
• if the ground is very wet and the probability of corrosion is quite high, use a grounding plated, or at least with a large cross-sectional area;
• do not place near the ground loop pipelines, i.e. where the land is allowed to dry under the influence of heat;
• the distance between the earth electrodes must always be greater than the length;
• Electrode depth should be lower than the freezing point of soil;

Carefully read the installation instructions before operating the ground

• resistance of the entire ground system should not exceed 4 ohms;
• connecting electrodes to each other it is highly recommended by welding;
• -sectional area of ​​each electrode, and its cross section must meet established standards Buyeo.

Subject to these requirements, you can be confident with what you mounted system earth will reliably protect your appliances from damage, and your home - fire due to short circuit.

Useful advice! Mount the ground loop is best for already finished the instructions from the internet. This will help you to do everything in a short time and avoid the most common mistakes.

Ground loop checks on the performance of

After the end of the grounding installation be sure to perform a control check of circuit performance. This is done using a special and rather expensive device, but there is an easier way.

A simple way to test the functionality of the ground loop

To one end of the circuit connects the lamp power of at least 100 watts, wherein, connected to the contour of only one of its contact, goes to second phase. And the circuit works well if the light is shining brightly, you have done everything correctly. If the light is dim, it indicates a poor connection between the circuit elements. If the light does not shine at all - circuit is assembled incorrectly.

Photos 220V grounding in a private house with his own hands in a large number can be found on the Internet, as well as video instructions. Therefore, if you are confident in their abilities, have the necessary tools and skills, you can safely collect ground loop independently. It will be much cheaper than buying a finished factory-made devices.