Manufacture of ceramic bricks
Until the 19th century, the technique of making bricks was quite complex and time-consuming. Molded it with their own hands, dried only in the summer, and burned in stove-ovens. In the middle of the 19th century, the first large kiln was created, and also dryers appeared. Today, about 80% of all corporations make bricks year-round with a mechanized manufacturing process.
Produce a ceramic brick made of clay with a constant composition of minerals. This is necessary in order to correctly choose the drying and roasting regime( for each composition it has its own).In general, two methods of manufacturing are known: using semi-dry pressing and lamellar pressing. The first method is not particularly common, since the raw material is formed under a strong press of clay having a moisture content of 8-10%.
Plus, the first type of brick is not recommended for building buildings with a sufficiently high humidity. The second method involves extruding the clay mass from the belt press, then drying and firing at about 950-1000 ° C.The temperature and duration of these processes are selected in such a way as to ensure the maximum strength of the finished product. The moisture content of the clay used is approximately 17-30%.
If there is a question - how to determine the quality of the brick and whether there is a marriage, - then, firstly, it is necessary to pay attention to what the composition is( how homogeneous it is).Not very good if there are a lot of impurities( pieces of stones, limestone), as this can affect the quality of the entire structure. Secondly, they see that there is no "underburning".To do this, it is enough to knock on the brick. The appearance of a deaf sound means that there is a marriage.
Scope
This material is used in many areas of construction: for the erection of multi-storey and single-storey buildings, partitions and load-bearing walls, foundation masonry, various types of furnaces, chimneys, etc. For typical construction, ordinary brick( solid or hollow) is used, for finishing- Facing.
Fireplaces, columns, staircases, fences made of facing glazed brick look particularly good. It is also used for restoration work, facade decoration, interior design. This type of brick is produced and with a relief side, that is, with a pattern for "wood", "marble", etc.
It can also be figured, that is, have a certain shape at the request of the customer( rounded edges, for example).All this expands the scope of imagination and allows you to create almost any decorative structures and structures( terrets, playgrounds, beautiful areas for barbecue).
Ceramic brick: characteristics and types
Its characteristics include such parameters as porosity, thermal conductivity, color, density of ceramic bricks. They depend on its specific form. Consider the following types: solid( or ordinary), hollow, facing.
- Brick ordinary ceramic( solid, ordinary ) has an average density of 1600-1900 kg / m3, porosity of 8%, thermal conductivity of 0.6-0.7 W / m ° C, color - red. Internal structure - with a small number of voids. It is used for erection of external and internal walls, pillars, columns.
- Hollow - has a density of 1000-1450 kg / m3, porosity is 6-8%, thermal conductivity is 0.3-0.5 W / m ° C, color is from dark red to light brown. Internal structure - with a large number of voids( for better thermal insulation).It is used for the erection of partitions, light external walls, as well as for filling skeletons of high-rise buildings.
- Facing - its density is 1300-1450 kg / m3, porosity is 6-14%, thermal conductivity is the same as for hollow, color - from white to brown. Internal structure - with voids. It is also called "facade" or "facial", as it is used for decorative works and for facing buildings.
An important parameter is the size of ceramic bricks. Usually this is 250x120x65 mm. Only in some cases, manufacturers slightly reduce the size of the front bricks to 250x85x65 mm.