What are the steps of the
concrete STEEL Walking up the stairs to your apartment or climbing the porch of a private house, few people think about what this series of identical steps represents. And even more so( if, of course, we do not have to build a ladder ourselves), we are not particularly interested in what kinds of steps there are.
And after all, they are sometimes quite different from each other, especially those that are produced as separate items. Yes, produces separate stages and staircases at factories, and the production technologies for both products are subject to established standards.
The short-term load on the stairs is up to 600 kgf / m2.
The STB stages differ in the following positions: the shape and direction of the lift. If we talk about form factors, the steps are of such types as basic, upper and lower frieze, flat and insert. The first three types usually constitute a flight of stairs, in which the main ones are located between the upper and lower stages.
The insert is an intermediate platform between the flights of stairs and can be straight or swivel, but more on this in more detail. And, finally, flat steps are designed for through marches, without the connection of individual elements( this is possible when assembling a ladder on a metal frame).The direction of lifting can be right or left, and orient the staircase elements in the appropriate way in the manufacturing process.
Stairwells of reinforced concrete as the simplest version of
Of course, collecting a ladder from individual parts is a long and complicated process, and it is much more convenient in this respect for staircases of concrete products to be ready for installation. Their production, as already mentioned, is standardized, and correlates with human comforts and needs. So, for example, the width of the ladder is never less than 80 centimeters, in general, marches are made of meter width.
Tilting marches is always consistent with the standards and does not exceed 38 degrees for installation in a residential area, short marches in private houses are allowed with a slope of 45 degrees, and attic stairs usually have a steepness from 63 to 74 degrees.
As for the steps that make up the ladder march, they should be no more than 20 centimeters high and in an amount not exceeding 10 pieces, for the convenience of residents of multi-storey buildings. In those cases where a ladder is needed longer, marches are joined by intermediate pads. Any staircase in which more than three steps is considered a march of and requires the mandatory installation of handrails that withstand a lateral pressure of 100 kilograms.
Ladders of concrete products and their varieties
Compared with any other materials, the stairs of reinforced concrete products are the most reliable solution and can be used in private construction for connecting floors. However, to follow the standards and establish two-span marches, as in apartment buildings, it is not necessary, even though the reinforced concrete products are typical. With flights from separate stages and ready marches it is possible to make the most various variants, using interstorey platforms of different types, with various kinds of turns.
The most common in private homes quarter-turn marches, located in relation to each other at an angle of 90 degrees. However, in some buildings you can see semi-turn stairs, as in apartment buildings, or circular marches, which can be with intermediate areas or solid ones. The latter are also called radius or screw stairs and are assembled exclusively from individual steps fixed to the central support.
Also fashionable today are pendant climbing stairs, each step of which is fixed one end to the wall, and the other - to the handrail fixed to the ceiling by several rods with the help of anchors. And in a large spacious hall there is a place for a swinging ladder, diverging two marches from one common.