Mounting of the switchboard is the final stage in conducting electrical installation works.
In terms of economy, this element is convenient to install in the center of the room, minimizing the cost of the cable being supplied.
However, this solution is not always justified from the interior viewpoint of the house, therefore in most cases the electric switchboard is installed in the apartment at the entrance.
In order to avoid any problems with the product, the electric switchboard should be purchased in accordance with the requirements of GOST:
- The shield itself must be made of non-flammable materials that can easily be touched by hand, without fear of electric shock. Popular options - metal or plastic, which perfectly tolerate the installation, both on the outer column and in the house. But the wooden version will have to be forgotten;
- The switchboard housing must have earthing and sealing ears, which can not be fabricated in-house;
- Each switchboard should have a technical passport, which indicates the nominal current and voltage parameters, the type of product, the possibility of its installation in an apartment or private apartment. In addition, there should be no visible damage to the product. The ideal variant is a flapper, packed in a wooden case, however such variants are extremely rare;
- Regardless of the location, safety regulations require that an appropriate sign be affixed to the switchboard, with a mandatory indication of the rated voltage.
As a rule, the technical passport specifies the scheme according to which assembly is to be carried out.
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However, this scheme has nothing to do with the drawing of electrical elements, which is usually done by oneself. His master will have to draw on his own, based on the work done in the house.
Stages of preparatory work
When starting installation work in a house or apartment, first of all it is important to choose the right place for installation.
To ensure that the switchboard is reliably protected from damage and not accessible to children, it is advisable to place it in a niche, at a height of 1.5 to 2 m, so that an adult can easily reach it with his hands.
This procedure can be carried out on its own, without assistance, strictly following all existing safety requirements.
When preparing the location for the switchboard, it is necessary to determine the thickness of the walls in order to understand - whether it is expedient to design a niche.
If the wall is not thick enough, then it's better to abandon the idea simply by hanging an external electric switchboard on it, which can be hidden in a wooden or gypsum board that can be made with your own hands.
Thus on the wooden case it will be possible to place and functional shelves, which make the surface of the switchboard also useful.
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If the thickness of the wall satisfies the task - it is necessary to arm the Bulgarian with concrete, with the help of which the installation will be carried out.
However, here you can go for a little trick, making own hands in front of a concrete wall an additional layer in a wooden or plasterboard design.
This material can be perfectly modeled with your own hands, and making a recess for a niche in a wooden covering will be much easier than in a concrete wall.
The next stage of the work is the designing by our own hands of the scheme of all elements in the house connected to the switchboard.
In the future, the scheme should be preserved so that in case of repair or modernization of the power grid system, do not have to remember what each of the existing connections in the apartment is responsible for.
In addition, the electrician taking the job will also require a wiring diagram.
When starting a self-made circuit, it is important to determine the type of power supply in the house and break all the points of consumption into several groups, on the basis of which the scheme will be drawn up.
In order for it to be readable not only by its performers, but also by strangers, all elements of the switchboard should be marked according to GOST.
As a rule, information on the type of electricity supply is stored in the Housing and Utilities, therefore, for consultation it is necessary to apply there.
And here the principle of grouping of elements the master should think up on his own.
The most popular option - the grouping of outlets, switches throughout the apartment or rooms, and then connecting them to the terminals of the corresponding machine.
However, it should be provided and the allocation of a more powerful machine for technology, saving its parameters from the whole system from overload.
Direct installation of the
panel The process of installing the switchboard by its own efforts requires considerable concentration of attention and readiness to follow the instructions impeccably.
First of all, you need to measure the required height and draw a horizontal line through it.
Next, outline the boundaries of the installation, making sure that a right angle is formed between the lines.
Now an electric switchboard can be attached to the wall, and gently holding it with hands, mark the places where the fastening element will be installed.
It is important to remember that the fastening rules on the concrete wall, plasterboard and in the wooden version differ from each other and can not be replaced by each other, therefore, before starting the installation work, it is recommended to think about this in advance.
Then, at a marked distance from each other, holes are drilled, into which the dowels will be inserted.
After that, the base of the distribution switchboard is applied to the wall, leveled in accordance with the building level and screwed.
It is important not to forget to insert a wiring cable into the shield before mounting the housing, which, both in a private house and in an apartment, is tightened exclusively through the back wall.
The next step is to assemble the circuit with your own hands, then install the switchboard and connect the automatics.
As a basis in this case, a typical scheme should be taken, in strict accordance with which the installation will be carried out.
For each switchboard this circuit will have its own, taking into account the many accompanying nuances. However, the installation rules for them will be similar.
The zero and ground buses are then used as the basis for the switchboard. Safety rules mean that the zero bus will be mounted at the top, and the grounding bar will be mounted from the bottom.
Screw them, as well as the body of the machine, with self-tapping screws and it's easy to do it yourself.
After connecting the machines, you can proceed with the installation of the internal wiring and the cable through which the current flows.
There are three wires in the supply cable:
- Blue - these are usually zero phases, which will subsequently be connected to the zero bus of the switchboard;
- White - phases that are connected to the corresponding terminal of the nearest automaton;
- Yellow is the ground that is connected to the grounding bus by the switchboard.
A similar circuit is also relevant when connecting the internal wiring in the house, with the only difference being that the phase wire is connected to the bottom of the circuit breaker.
Doing this operation with your own hands is also not difficult.
The final step is the interconnection of all the machines from the phase side. This can be done with our own hands by means of bus-conductors or VVG-5 * 6 wire.
For this, the wire is cut into small pieces - 3-4 cm, by means of which the phases of each machine are connected in turn.
After the work on the installation of the switchboard is completed, it is necessary to check each element for operation with a tester. It is strictly forbidden to touch the phase with your hands!
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If no problems are found directly in the apartment, and the current is delivered to the phases of the automatic switchboard, then an electrician can be called up, which, after re-checking by its own methods, connects the housing to the general electricity supply system functioning in the house.
Before attempting to connect it with your own hands, of course, it should not.
