Types of drainage structures
There are only two types of drainage and they differ among themselves in the way they are laid:
- Surface;
- Depth;
- Vertical;
- Radial.
Surface drainage is an uncomplicated design that drains water from the drain and from the soil surface. Thus, the land is drained and not swamped. This type of drainage does not require serious earthworks involving special equipment. Surface, or in another way, storm sewage consists of linear or point drainage. Linear drainage collects excess moisture from a large area, whereas a point drainage is based in places of local collection of moisture, for example, under rainstorms.
Unlike the surface, the deep drainage is directed to drainage of groundwater, as well as puddles formed during snow melting. Ideal for clay and loam soils, as well as land allotments in lowlands. The device of such a drainage system is a perforated pipe laid at a certain depth in the trenches, connected to each other in a single network. The end of this design is connected to the collector pipe outside the site or to the well.
Several assembly wells located around the house represent a vertical drainage system. The outflow of water is carried out by special pumps that pumped it out of the territory. The complexity of such a system lies in its initial stage - design. This engineering design requires the involvement of specialists in this field. And the process itself is carried out using a special hydraulic tool.
Radial drainage consists of a well and associated pipes( beams).In private houses, such a system of practice is not used, because it is more suitable for industrial territories.
Design of drainage systems
Many factors affect the final design of the private house drainage system, in particular:
- Features of the composition of the soil( sandy, loamy, clayey);
- Plot area;
- Depth of the location of drainage;
- Distance between pipes.
Special attention should be paid to the distance between the drains, which directly depends on the depth of the system:
- For clay soil, the maximum distance between pipes should be 10 m;
- For loamy - 20 m;
- Sandy soils - 50 m.
The closer the drainage pipes are to each other, the more intensive the drying process will take place on the site. More carefully, it is worthwhile to approach the drainage system of the foundation and use not one, but several types of drainage, for example, surface and ring.
Of great importance is also the angle of slope of drainage, which should be 3-7 cm per 1 m of pipe. Adhering to this requirement, the maximum outflow of water is ensured and prevents its retention in the pipes.
The process of carrying out the work on the device of drainage by one's own hands
Excavated ditches of sufficient depth and width corresponding to the tripled diameter of the pipes. The trenches themselves must necessarily be under a slope, ensuring the outflow of moisture at its maximum intensity. At the bottom of the trench a thickness of about 10 cm is laid a layer of sand, crushed stone or geotextile, which serve as the basis for the pipes.
After careful packing of the cushion from rubble or sand, it is possible to start laying pipes that are assembled with special connecting elements. Further the structure is covered with another layer of geotextile and filled with crushed stone.
The unoccupied space of the moat is filled with soil, slightly protruding above the level of the site.
