Design features of the
furnace The structure of all furnaces is basically the same, except for the fireplaces:
- Foundation. Lay it out of brick or reinforced concrete blocks.
- Waterproofing. It consists of several layers of ruberoid, which are laid over the foundation.
- Ashtray( ash pit), covered with masonry on top. Regular cleaning of the pits is necessary to ensure ventilation and better burning of firewood;
- Grate in steel or cast iron;
- A firebox in which a process of burning wood takes place. The larger it is, the higher the efficiency of the furnace;
- Chimney for the removal of combustion products from outside the housing.
In the design of heating and cooking ovens, several additional elements are provided - a jumper for regulating the direction of the furnace gases, a plate for cooking food and a built-in hot water tank.
All the differences are in the efficiency of the furnace of different designs, the volume of the furnace and in heat transfer.
Bricklaying brick, preparatory work
In this article we will pay attention to an ordinary rectangular stove, which will not be too difficult for beginner stoves. With their hands it is not difficult to lay out a furnace of standard dimensions 2380x890x510 mm. In it, the firebox is located at the bottom of the structure. Its walls are simultaneously the walls of the furnace and effectively deliver heat to the house, heating the air from below.
Materials for the construction of the furnace
In the cost estimate, we include:
- refractory brick, dimensions: 250x120x65 mm - 110 pieces;
- brick single, dimensions 250x120x65 mm - 250 pieces;
- Chamotte clay - 12kg;
- Common clay - 0,2 m3;Sand of fine fraction - 0,2 m3;
- Door for the furnace 250 × 200 mm - 1 piece;
- Door for cleaning, dimensions 130 × 140 mm - 2 pieces;
- Door for an ashtray, dimensions 130 × 140 mm - 1 piece;
- Grate 250 × 250 mm - 1 piece;
- Ruberoid for waterproofing - 100m2;
- Valve for the flywheel - 2 pieces.
Preparation of
solution Wash the clay with water until it is wet, then carefully place and pass through a sieve. Then add the sand. A properly prepared solution is guaranteed to extend the life of the furnace. There are no specific proportions, see your feelings. For a start, you can take in different parts. Choose the desired ratio for trial mixes.
Now that all the materials have been prepared and the foundation has passed the necessary shutter speed( month), you can proceed to the main process. The very process of brick laying does not make sense in the article, it will be more informative to see the video attached at the bottom of the article.
Types of brick stoves
Furnaces made of bricks are not limited to rectangular. There are such no less popular ovens as Dutch( heating) and Swedish( heating and cooking).
Dutch has a large volume of firebox, compact size. It is simple to operate and is used, as a rule, only for heating. Dutch is very economical, it was not for nothing that she was successfully used in besieged Leningrad. Has a well-thought-out structure of the internal channels, allowing evenly to warm up the entire structure. In this design, a bell cap, as well as a multi-channel gas distribution system, is used.
The next no less popular stove is the Swede. The most important distinguishing feature of this type of furnace is heat transfer, reaching 3.5 kW, while it is enough to melt it once a day. The oven is based on an oven and a water heater. For cooking, a cooking iron surface is provided, which also largely transfers heat to the room.
As conclusions
There are many projects of various furnaces that are able not only to give warmth and comfort, but also to decorate the interior. Any of them is quite possible to build independently, but if you are not confident in your abilities, then find an experienced stove-man and you will not be afraid of the most fierce winters.
