What does the fireplace give us?
A fireplace is a simple oven with an open firebox that is built into the wall. The room is heated by radiation of heat energy, but the heat transfer is low enough, only about 10-20%, and other heat leaves through the chimney. In this regard, in the cold season, rely only on heating the fireplace is not worth it, he will not cope with this task. The fuel chamber of the fireplace is made wide and shallow, and the walls are erected with expansion towards the heated premises. Thanks to this design, the room receives the maximum amount of heat.
Furnaces, wood fireplaces have differences in the execution, shape, dimensions, appearance, design and materials used in construction. According to the architectural style, they are divided into: classical, avant-garde, rustic and modern style. They can be placed not at the wall, for example, embedded in a wall or attached to it. The fireplace has a design that improves the ventilation in the room, but at the same time it can not keep the heat.
Important! If the fireplace is built into the wall, the wall thickness should be at least two brick masonry.
Where is the best place to place a fireplace and what is needed for construction?
Wood fireplaces for dachas are best placed at the end wall, also perfectly fit between two walls in the corner, it will already be wood burning fireplaces. A very unfortunate place is the wall in front of the windows. This is due to the fact that, as already mentioned, the fireplace causes air circulation, and this arrangement will cause drafts. For the construction of the fireplace you need red brick, rubble stone, sand, cement, clay and rubble.
For really high-quality and durable construction, the brick must be chosen carefully, you can even do it by the piece. It should not have any defects, have a uniform structure, an even shape. Every brick needs to be checked, for this, a hammer must be punched on it, if the sound is clean, then the brick is good. Clay, cement and sand are used for the binder solution. It is believed that blue clay is best suited, but red and ordinary will also fit. Cement will require about 70-100 kilograms of brand 200 or 300.
Important! The sand should be clean and with a fraction of 0.2-1.5 millimeters.
Wood fireplaces with their own hands
Wood fireplaces with their own hands must be built in a clear sequence. The first thing to build a foundation. It needs to be done 10-15 centimeters more than the base of the fireplace. The gap between the foundation of the fireplace and the building should not be less than 50 centimeters, it is covered with sand. It is forbidden to tie both foundations, as they have different shrinkage. The pit for the foundation is made to a depth of 60 centimeters for a house with one floor, and 70-100 centimeters for a building in two floors. At the bottom is a pillow made of sand and gravel, which should be rammed.
High value should be given to the mortar for masonry, so that it is of high quality, the following should be considered:
- Sand must be carefully sifted through a fine sieve and soaked in water until the water is clean;
- Clay is soaked for 7-10 days to form a homogeneous mass;
- Before laying, the brick is soaked in water for 30 seconds.
Masonry should be started with corner bricks, controlling their position with the help of level and rule. Further, the brick is laid out along the perimeter, and then we pass to the middle. The seams are filled with the solution completely, but they must be thin. Each new row of bricks begins to spread only after the completion of the previous masonry. The chimney is removed using a brick and a cement-sand mortar. From above it is necessary to cover from the atmospheric precipitation a smokehouse of tin. After this, you can proceed to exterior decoration.
Important! If the fireplace is to be tiled, then a special refractory must be used.
